EP0181959B1 - Dérivateur de surtension - Google Patents

Dérivateur de surtension Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0181959B1
EP0181959B1 EP84114097A EP84114097A EP0181959B1 EP 0181959 B1 EP0181959 B1 EP 0181959B1 EP 84114097 A EP84114097 A EP 84114097A EP 84114097 A EP84114097 A EP 84114097A EP 0181959 B1 EP0181959 B1 EP 0181959B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
overvoltage arrester
electrodes
arrester according
housing
lines
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84114097A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0181959A1 (fr
Inventor
Gerhard Dr. Brumm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cerberus AG
Original Assignee
Cerberus AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Cerberus AG filed Critical Cerberus AG
Priority to DE8484114097T priority Critical patent/DE3478265D1/de
Priority to EP84114097A priority patent/EP0181959B1/fr
Publication of EP0181959A1 publication Critical patent/EP0181959A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0181959B1 publication Critical patent/EP0181959B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/04—Housings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surge arrester of the type defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the voltage applied to the electrodes is limited by a gas discharge occurring in the gap between the electrodes at a specific ignition voltage.
  • dynamic ignition voltage As is required in particular when used to protect low-voltage systems, it is known to use various types of ignition-promoting aids.
  • the use of radioactive material for this purpose often encounters difficulties due to a possible health hazard.
  • the conductive layers applied to the inside of the housing have an irregular geometric shape, e.g. B. in the form of elliptical, square or triangular areas, which are partly connected to the electrodes, partly isolated.
  • the distribution of the conductive slopes is extremely irregular, so that the dynamic ignition voltage of such arresters cannot be reproduced exactly either.
  • the risk of reducing the insulation resistance between the conductive areas and the electrodes is also not completely eliminated.
  • the production is very complicated and therefore not very economical.
  • the insulating housing has sections with different inside diameters and each electrode sections with different outside diameters, the sections of the electrodes essentially Complementary to the sections of the insulating housing and were arranged at a distance from the inner surfaces.
  • the disadvantage here was that the sections on the housing and electrodes had to be worked very precisely in order to achieve a uniform ignition voltage over longer periods of time.
  • GB-A-1 588 615 describes a surge arrester in which the inner wall of the housing is provided with grooves in order to extend the creepage distance between the electrodes. A shading effect by which the formation of a coherent, electrically conductive layer between the electrodes is prevented is not achieved.
  • the object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages mentioned of known surge arresters and, in particular, to provide a surge arrester of universal use which has a well-defined low ignition voltage with rapid voltage peaks, a reduced ignition delay with rapid voltage rise, an optimal distribution of the ignition-promoting layers and even with repeated ones Ignition has a longer service life without impairing the insulation resistance and which can be manufactured safely, precisely and economically.
  • the lines consisting of electrically conductive material are alternately electrically conductively connected to one and the other electrode.
  • the electrodes have a layer of emission-promoting material on the mutually facing inner surfaces of the end parts.
  • the grooves extend over the entire length of the tubular housing of the surge arrester.
  • the grooves have a rectangular, trapezoidal, circular or T-shaped cross section, the trapezoidal grooves preferably arranging the side walls at an angle of approximately 30 ° to a plane through the axis of the surge arrester.
  • Designs of the surge arrester according to the invention contain the lines made of electrically conductive material graphite or a transition metal.
  • a surge arrester In the example shown in Figure 1 of a surge arrester are in a tubular housing 1, which is made of insulating material, for. B. glass or preferably made of ceramic, two metallic electrodes 2 and 3 are used at the two ends.
  • the material of the electrodes consists of copper or a copper alloy, of iron or an iron alloy, e.g. B. from an iron / nickel or iron / nickel / cobalt alloy.
  • the electrodes can be connected to the housing in a known manner by means of a metal-ceramic connection.
  • the end parts 4 and 5 of the two electrodes 2 and 3 face each other and face each other, so that a spark gap 6 is formed between these end parts 4 and 5.
  • the inside of the surge arrester namely the chamber 11 formed by the housing 1 and the two electrodes 2 and 3 and the spark gap 6 between the two electrodes 2 and 3, is filled with a suitable gas, depending on the desired electrical properties.
  • the radio link gap 6 forms the actual voltage limiting link.
  • a preferred embodiment of a surge arrester according to the invention is shown, in which the electrodes are designed as hollow electrodes 3.
  • a suitable, known emission-promoting material 9 is applied in the recess of the hollow electrodes 3.
  • an emission-promoting material for example, substances that contain alkali or alkaline earth metals, for. B. a barium / aluminum alloy, as is known from DE-B 1 950 090.
  • Lines 7, 8 made of electrically conductive material in intimate contact with the material of the housing 1 are applied on the inside of the tubular housing 1 parallel to the axis of the surge arrester at a distance from one another.
  • the arrangement of the lines can be seen particularly clearly in FIG. 2, in which the inside of the housing is shown developed in one plane.
  • Lines 7 are always connected in an electrically conductive manner to one electrode and lines 8 to the other electrode.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through part of the wall of the housing 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows different embodiments of the grooves 12 made between the lines 7, 8 made of electrically conductive material.
  • the cross section of the grooves can either be trapezoidal, the opening of the groove preferably being narrower than the inner part, circular, T-shaped or rectangular .
  • Either one groove or a plurality of grooves 12 can be provided between two lines 7, 8.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross section through part of the wall of the housing 1. Between the lines 7, 8 made of electrically conductive material parallel to the axis of the housing there are strip-like elevations 13, different embodiments of the strips 13 being shown in FIG.
  • the cross section of the strips 13 can either be trapezoidal, the base of the strip preferably being narrower than the upper part, circular, T-shaped or rectangular.
  • the grooves 12 or elevations 13 arranged between the lines 7, 8 made of electrically conductive material can also have cross-sections other than those listed above, without their effectiveness being restricted that of the particles of the electrode material that preferably move radially to the cylindrical housing 1, that is to say perpendicular to the inner wall of the housing 1, do not or only are hard hit (shadowing effect).

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  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Dispositif de dérivation des surtensions, constitué par un boîtier isolant tubulaire (1), dans les extrémités duquel deux électrodes (2, 3) sont insérées d'une manière étanche aux gaz et sur la paroi intérieure duquel se trouve disposée une couche électriquement conductrice ou semi-conductrice (7, 8), allongée et étroite, dont une extrémité est reliée d'une manière électriquement conductrice à l'une des électrodes (2, 3), et dans lequel les électrodes (2, 3) comportent des éléments d'extrémité (4, 5) délimitant entre eux une fente formant éclateur (6), et limitent une chambre particulière (11) entre elles et le boîtier (1), et dans lequel la couche électriquement conductrice ou semi-conductrice (7, 8) est disposée sur la paroi intérieure du boîtier de sorte qu'elle est constituée par des lignes (7, 8) distantes les unes des autres et parallèles à l'axe du boîtier (1), caractérisé par le fait qu'au moins une rainure allongée (12) ou au moins une partie surélevée en forme de barrette (13) est située respectivement entre les lignes (7, 8) réalisées en un matériau électriquement conducteur ou semi-conducteur.
2. Dispositif de dérivation des surtensions suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les lignes (7, 8) réalisées en un matériau électriquement conducteur ou semi-conducteur sont reliées de façon électriquement conductrice en alternance à une électrode (2) et à l'autre électrode (3).
3. Dispositif de dérivation d'une surtension suivant l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé par le fait que les lignes (7, 8) réalisées en un matériau électriquement conducteur ou semi-conducteur contiennent du graphite.
4. Dispositif de dérivation des surtensions suivant l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé par le fait que les lignes (7, 8) réalisées en un matériau électriquement conducteur ou semi-conducteur contiennent un métal de transition.
5. Dispositif de dérivation des surtensions suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait qu'au moins l'une des deux électrodes (2, 3) comporte, sur la surface intérieure des éléments d'extrémité (4, 5), tournée vers l'autre électrode, un matériau (9) favorisant l'émission.
6. Dispositif de dérivation des surtensions suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que les rainures (12) s'étendent sur toute la longueur du boîtier tubulaire (1).
7. Dispositif de dérivation des surtensions suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que les rainures (12) possèdent une section transversale trapézoïdale.
8. Dispositif de dérivation des surtensions suivant la revendication 7, caractérisé par le fait que les parois latérales des rainures trapézoïdales (12) sont disposées de manière à faire un angle d'environ 30° par rapport à un plan imaginaire passant par l'axe du dispositif de dérivation des surtensions.
9. Dispositif de dérivation des surtensions suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que la rainure (12) possède une section transversale circulaire.
10. Dispositif de dérivation des surtensions suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé par le fait que la rainure (12) possède une section transversale en forme de T.
EP84114097A 1984-11-22 1984-11-22 Dérivateur de surtension Expired EP0181959B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8484114097T DE3478265D1 (en) 1984-11-22 1984-11-22 Overvoltage arrester
EP84114097A EP0181959B1 (fr) 1984-11-22 1984-11-22 Dérivateur de surtension

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP84114097A EP0181959B1 (fr) 1984-11-22 1984-11-22 Dérivateur de surtension

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0181959A1 EP0181959A1 (fr) 1986-05-28
EP0181959B1 true EP0181959B1 (fr) 1989-05-17

Family

ID=8192299

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84114097A Expired EP0181959B1 (fr) 1984-11-22 1984-11-22 Dérivateur de surtension

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0181959B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3478265D1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1196121A (en) 1966-06-07 1970-06-24 Reyrolle A & Co Ltd Improvements relating to Vacuum Switches
DE2346174A1 (de) 1973-09-13 1975-03-27 Siemens Ag Ueberspannungsableiter
DE2757337A1 (de) 1977-01-27 1978-08-03 Cerberus Ag Ueberspannungsableiter und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
EP0056282A1 (fr) 1981-01-14 1982-07-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dérivateur de surtension à décharge dans un gaz

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2919371A (en) * 1954-04-22 1959-12-29 Vickers Electrical Co Ltd Spark-over protective devices for low voltage electrical apparatus
US3780350A (en) * 1971-12-16 1973-12-18 Gen Signal Corp Surge arrester
DE2431236C3 (de) * 1974-06-28 1978-10-19 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Überspannungsableiter
GB1588615A (en) * 1978-04-19 1981-04-29 Welwyn Electric Ltd Electrical spark gap device
DE2832470A1 (de) * 1978-07-24 1980-02-07 Siemens Ag Gasentladungsroehre, insbesondere ueberspannungsableiter
CH652246A5 (de) * 1980-10-10 1985-10-31 Cerberus Ag Ueberspannungsableiter.

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1196121A (en) 1966-06-07 1970-06-24 Reyrolle A & Co Ltd Improvements relating to Vacuum Switches
DE2346174A1 (de) 1973-09-13 1975-03-27 Siemens Ag Ueberspannungsableiter
DE2757337A1 (de) 1977-01-27 1978-08-03 Cerberus Ag Ueberspannungsableiter und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
EP0056282A1 (fr) 1981-01-14 1982-07-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dérivateur de surtension à décharge dans un gaz

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3478265D1 (en) 1989-06-22
EP0181959A1 (fr) 1986-05-28

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