EP0182182B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication de contacts à base d'argent du type ayant deux couches pour interrupteurs électriques - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication de contacts à base d'argent du type ayant deux couches pour interrupteurs électriques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0182182B1
EP0182182B1 EP85113995A EP85113995A EP0182182B1 EP 0182182 B1 EP0182182 B1 EP 0182182B1 EP 85113995 A EP85113995 A EP 85113995A EP 85113995 A EP85113995 A EP 85113995A EP 0182182 B1 EP0182182 B1 EP 0182182B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
silver
substrate
gas
alloy
alloying
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85113995A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0182182A1 (fr
Inventor
Ludwig Dr. Schultz
Horst Dr. Kippenberg
Hans-W. Dr. Bergmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
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Priority to AT85113995T priority Critical patent/ATE40903T1/de
Publication of EP0182182A1 publication Critical patent/EP0182182A1/fr
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Publication of EP0182182B1 publication Critical patent/EP0182182B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H01H1/0237—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides
    • H01H1/02372—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1078—Alloys containing non-metals by internal oxidation of material in solid state
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/10—Oxidising
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H01H1/0231—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material provided with a solder layer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing two-layer contact pieces based on silver, with a first solderable layer made of a silver alloy as the base material on the back and a second layer made of silver-metal oxide as the contact material on the contact side.
  • the invention also relates to an associated device for carrying out the method with a laser as a generator for energy radiation and an associated transmission device for the energy radiation, which encloses a reaction space and can be shifted in steps relative to the substrate.
  • Metal-metal oxide materials are often used for contacts in low-voltage switchgear, especially relays and contactors. They are characterized by high burn-off resistance and low tendency to sweat.
  • AgSn0 2 and AgZnO materials with further additions of oxides of less noble metals than silver have recently become particularly important.
  • the metals bismuth (Bi), copper (Cu), indium (In), tantalum (Ta) and / or tungsten are possible, the latter also being able to be present in non-oxidized form.
  • the selection of the metal components and the production of contact pieces is extensive in the monograph by A. Keil et al. "Electrical contacts and their materials", especially pages 189, 199-203 (Springer Verlag, 1984).
  • contact pieces can be produced by internal oxidation of silver alloys in compact form.
  • production can also be carried out by powder metallurgy, namely by sintering and compacting either mixtures of silver and metal oxide powders or also previously internally oxidized silver alloy powders (IOLP).
  • powder metallurgy namely by sintering and compacting either mixtures of silver and metal oxide powders or also previously internally oxidized silver alloy powders (IOLP).
  • Silver-metal oxide materials for contact pieces produced by powder metallurgy are known, for example, from EP-A 0 024 349 and from DE-A 2 260 559.
  • the internal oxidation of alloy powders to the so-called IOLP occupies an excellent position in the manufacture of the contact pieces, the semi-finished product being able to be produced from the IOLP either directly by extrusion or by pressing into molded parts.
  • both methods are also possible in two-layer technology, the second layer on the underside of the contact must be solderable.
  • GB-A 2 055 398 proposes a silver metal oxide material which is produced by internal oxidation of a silver alloy substrate by diffusion of oxygen. It is known from DE-C 2 063 649 to increase the concentration of atomic oxygen on the substrate surface compared to the oxygen concentration in thermal equilibrium and to ionize the oxygen by means of additional energy radiation in order to shorten the diffusion time. The same procedure is followed in JP-A 56 136 962. Since in the internal oxidation the oxygen is transported via solid-state diffusion at temperatures at which a back diffusion of metallic components occurs at the same time, the contact structure is usually inhomogeneous, which is disadvantageous for further use. To remedy this, according to DE-B 1 533 235, at least further annealing treatments must follow. According to US Pat. No. 3,807,994, a plating technique of several strips is additionally used for the same problem.
  • the internal oxidation in the alloy substrate has the disadvantage that comparatively long glow times are always required in an oxygen atmosphere in order to achieve oxidation by solid-state diffusion of oxygen into the alloy substrate to depths of one or more millimeters. Due to the solid diffusion, an inhomogeneous distribution in terms of oxide content and oxide size is inevitable. In addition, when manufacturing contact pieces, the back of the alloy substrate must be protected against oxidation in order to retain a solderable layer.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a new method and the associated device for producing two-layer contact pieces on a silver basis for switching devices in power engineering.
  • the object is achieved by the sequence of method steps according to the characterizing part of patent claim 1. It is crucial that a defined melting volume is formed by the localized laser beam, in which the oxygen can react with the metals due to the convection. The oxygen is not transported via diffusion, as is usually the case in contact production.
  • laser radiation is advantageously used for processing silver-based materials.
  • the energy coupling of laser light into reflective silver substrates is problematic per se and takes place here via the other components of the alloy.
  • the oxidation of these components can be controlled as a selective reaction of the oxygen only with the base metals of the alloy. This makes it possible to produce contact pieces in which a silver-metal oxide composite material is formed in the contact area.
  • the oxides of the base metal can be directly formed quantitatively.
  • further heat treatment of the substrate may also be necessary, the heat can be carried out simultaneously with gas alloys or subsequently.
  • further temperature treatments of the finished material can be carried out to optimize the structure.
  • the supplied oxygen can be supplied using increased pressure.
  • the oxygen can also be diluted by carrier gases, for example helium, so that a foreign plasma for controllable absorption of the energy radiation into the substrate is generated by the laser.
  • the energy radiation is advantageously pulsed.
  • the energy radiation is advantageously generated by a high-power laser which can be handled comparatively easily in terms of apparatus.
  • a gas supply nozzle is arranged within the transmission device for the energy radiation, said gas feed nozzle being directed towards the reaction space and the angle of incidence, azimuth angle and distance from the substrate being variable.
  • the flow rate of the gas supply nozzle, pressure in the reaction space and / or composition of the oxygen supplied in the reaction space can be set including any carrier gas that may be present.
  • gas alloy is used for the particularly selective oxidation of a silver alloy.
  • Gas alloying is known per se as a method for workpiece treatment. It has already been proposed in particular for the carburizing or nitriding of steels and is always advantageous when workpiece surfaces are to be tempered in certain zones. This is described in detail, for example, in JP-A 59 110 784 and US-A 4 015 100. In the latter publication, the surface of a workpiece can be specifically influenced with a molecular beam. It is all about improving only the surface properties of workpieces.
  • a blank can advantageously be processed as an alloy substrate first to form a flat profile, sheet metal and / or strip of suitable thickness as a semi-finished product for the contact pieces and then gas alloyed from the surface to a predetermined depth. This creates a two-layer contact piece with a silver-metal oxide layer on the contact side and a solderable silver alloy layer on the back.
  • a band-shaped sheet of 2 mm thickness is rolled from an alloy blank with a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 100 mm. This sheet serves as a semi-finished product, from which the contact pieces can later be removed by cutting or punching out.
  • FIG. 1 shows a silver alloy substrate 1 rolled into a strip as a semi-finished product for contact pieces, which is scanned on the surface in two directions point by point by an energy beam transmission device 2.
  • the energy beam transmission device 2 specifically transmits a laser beam 3 from an external high-power laser (not shown), for example a CO 2 or argon laser, to the substrate 1 and is focused on its surface. Alloy substrate 1 and energy radiation transmission device 2 are hermetically sealed from the environment by means of suitable sealing means 4. There can be pressure, vacuum or inert gas systems, which may also allow foreign gases to be extracted.
  • the substrate is expediently moved by means of an x, y feed table (not shown in FIG. 1) relative to the stationary laser beam 3. The associated aids are not described in detail. Alternatively, the laser beam can also be moved via mirror systems.
  • a cannula 5 with a nozzle 6 is guided laterally in the energy beam transmission device 2, the angle a and the distance h thereof from the surface of the substrate 1 can be changed. In this way, the impingement area of the laser beam 3 on the surface of the substrate 1 can be specifically washed around with oxygen.
  • the azimuth angle cp (not shown in FIG. 1), i.e. the direction of the nozzle 6 in the xy plane can be changed. It is expediently chosen (in deviation from FIG 1) so that the gas flow takes place in the direction of the unmelted workpiece 1.
  • the oxygen can also be mixed with a carrier gas, for example helium.
  • a carrier gas for example helium.
  • the composition or flow rate of carrier gas and / or oxygen and the pressure in the reaction space can be specified by means of external dosing agents.
  • the high-power laser works in pulse mode. With a suitable focusing, there is a focal spot on the surface of the substrate 1 of approximately 100 J.Lm diameter. If the energy density is sufficient, the acid supplied by means of the nozzle 6 becomes substance ionizes and is already in atomic form. Due to the high-energy laser radiation, when the ignition point is reached, oxygen and any carrier gas present form a plasma which is concentrated above the point of impact of the laser beam and is used for energy transfer into the alloy substrate 1. As a result, melting zones 8 form around the point of incidence of the laser beam on the substrate 1, metal atoms being able to pass into the plasma.
  • a locally targeted melting of the material to a sufficient depth, for example up to 1.5 mm, can be achieved in less than a millisecond.
  • the supplied oxygen is introduced into the melted area of the substrate and evenly distributed in the metallic melt by means of convection. Mass transfer via convection results in a homogeneous oxygen distribution in the melted area.
  • a more or less large proportion of the oxygen is already present as an oxide.
  • the amount of gas can be regulated by mixing it with a carrier gas and adjusting the feed nozzle 6 to the substrate 1. If a simultaneous or subsequent heat treatment is necessary for a complete oxidation of the base metal content or for a structure optimization of these oxides, the parameters for this must be selected depending on the thermodynamic behavior of the alloy system.
  • a two-layer contact piece 10 can be produced from the layer material produced in this way by punching out.
  • This consists of a silver metal oxide layer 12 in the upper region and a silver alloy layer 11 in the lower region, which are clearly separated from one another. Due to the manufacturing process described, the local melting in melting lobes 8 results in a typical wave structure of the interface, which does not change fundamentally even during subsequent temperature treatments.
  • Such a profiled interface is of no importance for the intended use as a contact piece; it is important that the two-layer contact piece with its silver alloy layer 11 can be easily soldered onto a contact carrier.
  • an AgSn alloy with 8% by mass of tin was assumed.
  • other AgSn or AgZn alloys can be used.
  • these alloys in particular require additional additions of less noble metals than silver to ensure adequate switching behavior of the contact materials produced therefrom.
  • Bismuth (Bi), copper (Cu), indium (In), tantalum (Ta) and / or tungsten (W), for example, have proven suitable. These metals are easily oxidized, and tungsten can also be present in non-oxidized form.
  • AgCdO contact materials can be produced from AgCd alloys with possibly further metal oxide additives.
  • Gas alloying using laser radiation enables local melting areas with depths of up to 4 mm.
  • contact pieces for electrical switching devices can be manufactured with a comparatively small number of process steps.
  • the internal oxidation can now be achieved quickly, although the desired homogeneity of the metal oxide distribution and concentration is given.
  • the surface can be prepared by mechanical or chemical roughening, as is required for the subsequent contact surface.
  • this also enables increased energy absorption to be achieved.
  • special reworking of the surfaces is generally no longer necessary. In any case, the back of the alloy substrate is solderable even after laser gas alloying without the inclusion of metal oxides on the contact carrier.
  • the alloy substrate 1 as a semi-finished product to the contact carrier and then to subject it to the laser treatment described above for internal oxidation.
  • the latter is advantageous for automated production since, for example in the case of robot handling, the semi-finished product can be soldered on any side and a separate ordering process of the two-layer contact pieces according to the contact side and solder side is therefore unnecessary.
  • the contact carriers can also be soldered onto the entire semi-finished strand, the internal oxidation can be carried out by laser gas alloying and the finished contacts can then be punched or cut.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)

Claims (18)

1. Procédé pour la fabrication de pièces de contact à deux couches, à base d'argent, avec une première couche soudable faite en un alliage d'argent corne matériau de base, sur le côté postérieur, et avec une seconde couche en argent-oxyde métallique comme matériau de contact, sur le côté contact, caractérisé par le fait que l'on met en oeuvre ce que l'on désigne par alliage au gaz, les phases opératoires suivantes étant opérées:
- un substrat (1) en un alliage constitué par de l'argent et par d'autres métaux moins nobles que l'argent, est amené, pas à pas et avec limitations locales et successives, à fusion, jusqu'à une profondeur prédéterminée, à l'aide d'un rayonnement énergétique produit par un laser,
- grâce à quoi il se forme respectivement un volume déterminé en fusion (8),
- au volume en fusion (8), on amène localement et de façon visée, l'oxygène,
- grâce à quoi et par convection, l'oxygène est dissous par le rayonnement énergétique dans le volume en fusion concerné (8), et/ou
- est transféré quantitativement dans l'oxyde des métaux moins nobles qui sont à l'état liquide.
2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le substrat (1) est chauffé en même temps lors de l'alliage au gaz.
3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'alliage au gaz est réalisé à l'état froid du substrat (1), et le substrat (1) est ensuite chauffé.
4. Procédé suivant la revendication 2 ou la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que l'on procède, pour optimiser la texture, à d'autres traitements thermiques.
5. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'oxygène (02) est amené avec mise en oeuvre d'une pression élevée.
6. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'oxygène (02) qui est amené, est dilué à l'aide d'un gaz-véhicule, par exemple de l'hélium, grâce à quoi on produit, par le laser, un plasma étranger pour l'absorption contrôlée de l'énergie.
7. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le rayonnement énergétique est pulsé.
8. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que pour la fabrication du substrat (1) on réalise avec l'alliage à base d'argent, une ébauche se présentant d'abord sous la forme d'un profilé plat, d'une tôle et/ou d'une bande d'épaisseur appropriée comme semi-produit pour les pièces de contact.
9. Procédé suivant la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que la surface du substrat (1) est, avant l'alliage au gaz, rendue rugueuse par voie mécanique ou chimique.
10. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'on choisit, comme substrat, un alliage argent-étain (AgSn), avec 8% en parties en masse de Sn, l'alliage au gaz entraînant la formation, sur le côté contact, d'une couche argent-oxyde d'étain (AgSn02).
11. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'on choisit, comme substrat, un alliage argent-cadmium (AgCd), l'alliage au gaz ayant pour résultat la formation sur le côté contact d'une couche argent-oxyde de cadmium (AgCdO).
12. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'on choisit, comme substrat, un alliage argent-zinc (AgZn), l'alliage au gaz entraînant, sur le côté contact, la formation d'une couche argent oxyde de zinc (AgZnO).
13. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 10, 11 ou 12, caractérisé par le fait que d'autres additions de métaux moins nobles que l'argent, sont contenues dans le substrat.
14. Procédé suivant la revendication 13, caractérisé par le fait que les additions sont constituées par un ou par plusieurs des métaux tels que le bismuth (Bi), le cuivre (Cu), l'indium (In), le tungstène (W) et/ou le tantale (Ta).
15. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que par suite de l'alliage au gaz, les couches soudables (11) en l'alliage à l'argent et la couche de contact (12), sont séparées entre elles par une surface limite profilée.
16. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le substrat formé par l'alliage à base d'argent, est fixé sur un support de contact, avant l'alliage au gaz.
17. Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la revendication 1 ou selon l'une des revendications 2 à 16, avec un laser servant à produire le rayonnement énergétique et avec un dispositif associé pour la transmission du rayonnement énergétique, qui comporte une chambre de réaction qui est susceptible d'être déplacée pas à pas par rapport au substrat (1), caractérisé par le fait qu'à l'intérieur du dispositif de transmission de l'énergie (2), est disposée une tuyère d'admission de gaz (6), qui est dirigée sur la chambre de réaction et dont l'angle d'incidence (α), l'angle azimutal (<p) et la distance (h) par rapport au substrat (1), sont modifiables.
18. Dispositif suivant la revendication 17, caractérisé par le fait que le débit de la tuyère d'admission de gaz (6), la pression dans la chambre de réaction et/ou la composition de l'oxygène qui est introduit, y compris un gaz véhicule qui est éventuellement utilisé, sont réglables.
EP85113995A 1984-11-05 1985-11-04 Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication de contacts à base d'argent du type ayant deux couches pour interrupteurs électriques Expired EP0182182B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85113995T ATE40903T1 (de) 1984-11-05 1985-11-04 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von zweischicht-kontaktstuecken auf silberbasis fuer elektrische schaltgeraete.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3440335 1984-11-05
DE3440335 1984-11-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0182182A1 EP0182182A1 (fr) 1986-05-28
EP0182182B1 true EP0182182B1 (fr) 1989-02-22

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EP85113995A Expired EP0182182B1 (fr) 1984-11-05 1985-11-04 Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication de contacts à base d'argent du type ayant deux couches pour interrupteurs électriques

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EP (1) EP0182182B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE40903T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3568353D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3541584A1 (de) * 1985-11-25 1987-05-27 Siemens Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von metall-verbund-werkstoffen sowie damit hergestellte kontaktstuecke fuer elektrische schaltgeraete
EP0288585B1 (fr) * 1987-03-24 1990-08-01 INOVAN GmbH &amp; Co. KG Metalle und Bauelemente Méthode pour la production d'un face inférieure soudable d'une petite plaque de contact en argent et oxyde de métal
WO1988010011A1 (fr) * 1987-06-12 1988-12-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procede de fabrication de zones conductives en materiau supraconducteur de ceramique oxydee avec un point eleve de changement brusque de la conductivite
GB2327300A (en) * 1996-04-25 1999-01-20 Strix Ltd Electrical contacts
GB9608482D0 (en) * 1996-04-25 1996-07-03 Strix Ltd Electrical contacts
DE102011006899B4 (de) 2011-04-06 2025-01-30 Te Connectivity Germany Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kontaktelementen durch mechanisches Aufbringen von Materialschicht mit hoher Auflösung sowie Kontaktelement und eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung
CN113871229B (zh) * 2021-09-23 2024-08-06 宁波东大神乐电工合金有限公司 一种银氧化锡氧化铟电工触头及其生产装置

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FR1364152A (fr) * 1963-05-10 1964-06-19 L Air Liquide Sa Pour L Expl D Procédé de traitement superficiel des métaux
DE1533235B1 (de) * 1966-12-15 1970-01-29 E Duerrwaechter Doduco Kg Dr Verfahren zur Herstellung loetbarer inneroxydierter Metall/Metalloxid- Kontaktwerkstoffe,insbesondere des Typs Silber/Kadmiumoxid
US3515542A (en) * 1967-01-27 1970-06-02 Mallory & Co Inc P R Method of making dispersion-strengthened ductile materials
US3807994A (en) * 1972-09-11 1974-04-30 Texas Instruments Inc Silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material and method of making
US4015100A (en) * 1974-01-07 1977-03-29 Avco Everett Research Laboratory, Inc. Surface modification

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Title
Elektrische Kontakte und ihre Werkstoffe (Handbuch), A. Keil et al., Seiten 189, 199-203 (Springer-Verlag, 1984) *
PATENTS ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 6, Nr. 73 (C-101) [951], 8. Mai 1982, Seite 44 C 101; & JP - A - 57 98 80 (EBARA-SEISAKUSHO K.K.) 19-01-1982 *
PATENTS ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 8, Nr. 225 (C-247) [1662], 16. Oktober 1984, Seite 132 C 247; & JP - A - 59 110 784 (NIPPON DENSHIN DENWA KOSHA) 26-06-1984 *

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DE3568353D1 (en) 1989-03-30
ATE40903T1 (de) 1989-03-15
EP0182182A1 (fr) 1986-05-28

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