EP0182274A2 - Réflecteur radar gonflable - Google Patents

Réflecteur radar gonflable Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0182274A2
EP0182274A2 EP85114423A EP85114423A EP0182274A2 EP 0182274 A2 EP0182274 A2 EP 0182274A2 EP 85114423 A EP85114423 A EP 85114423A EP 85114423 A EP85114423 A EP 85114423A EP 0182274 A2 EP0182274 A2 EP 0182274A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reflector
radar
arrangement
elements
inflatable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85114423A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0182274A3 (en
EP0182274B1 (fr
Inventor
Gene E. Gentry
John H. Bain Jr.
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Laval Marlene
Original Assignee
Laval Marlene
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Laval Marlene filed Critical Laval Marlene
Priority to AT85114423T priority Critical patent/ATE43937T1/de
Publication of EP0182274A2 publication Critical patent/EP0182274A2/fr
Publication of EP0182274A3 publication Critical patent/EP0182274A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0182274B1 publication Critical patent/EP0182274B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/18—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures comprising plurality of mutually inclined plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector
    • H01Q15/20—Collapsible reflectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/08—Means for collapsing antennas or parts thereof
    • H01Q1/081—Inflatable antennas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radar reflector with a collapsible and inflatable shell which is permeable to radar waves and which surrounds a reflector arrangement which contains a number of reflector elements which, in the inflated state of the shell, form a plurality of angle reflectors, the apex of which essentially meet at the center of the radar reflector. wherein the reflector elements are made of a flexible material to allow the radar reflector to be collapsed when the casing is collapsed.
  • the object that the radar signal is supposed to reflect being relatively small and far away, it can be very difficult to locate the object or, for example, stray people, such as tent residents, hunters, military personnel, seafarers who are in distress or the like.
  • the installation of an effective angle reflector arrangement in an inflatable device results in a radar reflection cross section that is many times larger than that of an object of the same dimensions without such an angle reflector arrangement. This increased radar reflection or reflection cross section can also be located effectively from a great distance.
  • the reflector arrangement consists of flexible or collapsible interior angle reflector elements that can be collapsed to an extremely small volume (for example, to be placed in a pocket of a life jacket to enable easy storage).
  • the reflector elements can be made of a flexible material that is elastic and resistant to damage and which in any case can be easily repaired.
  • the inflatable reflector can be inflated by mouth or using compressed air or a pressurized gas that is lighter than air.
  • US Pat. No. 3,103,662 proposes an improvement in the construction of an inflatable radar reflector in which the edges of the reflector arrangement are against the hems of the outer inflatable envelope are attached.
  • the angle reflectors are also constructed as a unit, the intersecting surfaces being sewn together or connected in some other way.
  • the outer edges of the assembly are sandwiched into the seams of the outer surface to form an octahedral inflatable assembly.
  • this design in practice leads to a very significant and obvious distortion of the surfaces of the R eflektoretti to the inflated state.
  • the stress in the material of the outer inflatable surface is greater in the middle of each triangular area than in the area of the tips.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved arrangement for the internal erection of a flexible or collapsible angle reflector arrangement within an inflatable envelope.
  • each reflector element is fastened within the shell independently of any other reflector element.
  • the reflector elements are suspended independently of one another within the envelope, so that mutual interference with the consequences already described with regard to wrinkling, twisting and the like is excluded.
  • the present invention thus provides a very precise reflector arrangement by realizing a structure in which the reflector arrangement consists of a number of independent reflector elements. Different configurations are possible, which have seven and twelve or more independent reflector elements. Each reflector element is suspended independently of the adjacent reflector element within the inflatable envelope by means of a band or a tensioning device which stretches the reflector arrangement over folded seams along the edges of the reflector elements. The banks the clamping devices or appear alternately by a rim of the reflector elements and are then clamped by a mounting bracket assembly andsaum by another R and by a further mounting clip assembly therethrough and so on until all the reflector elements.
  • the mounting bracket assembly may be connected to the inner surface of the inflatable sheath by eyelets or otherwise. When inflating, the reflector elements are tensioned without wrinkles and twists and held flat and even in the correct orthogonal position.
  • a main feature and main advantage of the arrangement according to the invention is thus that the completely reflecting surfaces of the reflector elements are kept flat and tensioned and practically no longer have any folds, sags, twists or angular misalignments.
  • Another feature and advantage of the invention is the provision of a significant increase in the radar retroreflective cross-section over a reflector of the same size and shape in which the folds, sagging, twisting and angular misalignment according to the prior art do not occur.
  • a further feature and a further advantage of the invention lies in the provision of a larger increase in the radar reflection cross section for radar systems operating at higher frequencies, ie at shorter wavelengths compared to similar reflectors the folds, sag and angular errors exceed a quarter wavelength of the radar signal.
  • the radar reflector can be manufactured with greater accuracy and precision than previous inflatable radar reflectors, since the accuracy of the alignment is no longer a function of the shape accuracy of the individual reflecting surfaces.
  • Another feature and a further advantage of the invention is that a wider range of internal gas pressures can be permitted without having to accept a loss of accuracy.
  • the accuracy of the alignment of the reflective surfaces is always achieved when the reflector assembly is tensioned and is maintained, if not increased, when the pressure is increased.
  • a further feature and a further advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the reflector arrangement can be assembled and externally matched to the inflatable envelope, after which it can be arranged in an assembly can be inserted into the inflatable envelope.
  • a further feature and a further advantage of the invention is that a quality check can be carried out before the final sealing of the inflatable envelope takes place, since the reflector arrangement can be erected and tuned prior to installation in the inflatable envelope.
  • FIG. 1 shows a scene which, for example, illustrates how the inflatable radar reflector according to the invention works.
  • a buoyant, inflatable reflector 1 can be used by a person 2 in the water to facilitate discovery and rescue.
  • a reflected signal can be detected by a watercraft 3, an aircraft 4a, a helicopter 4b or by a radar base 5 located on land.
  • a ship 6 can be determined by a reflected signal if a radar reflector 7 is used as a signal reflector, for example for the purpose of reflection back to the watercraft 3, to the aircraft 4a or 4b or to the radar base 5 located on land.
  • a life raft 8 can be detected with a radar reflector 9 from the watercraft 3, the aircraft 4a or 4b or the radar base 5 located on land.
  • the discovery and rescue by the radar reflector 1, 7 or 9 according to the invention increases be relieved regardless of whether the missing object or person is in the water or on land.
  • FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • a reflector arrangement 10 is formed by twelve triangular reflector elements 11, which have reflecting surfaces on each side and which are made of flexible material that reflects radar waves, for example made of metal-impregnated material, aluminum-coated Mylar or other metallized foils, laminated foils, impregnated rubber or the like .
  • the triangular reflector elements form a plurality of three-sided angle reflectors with a three-sided cross section, the apexes of which essentially meet at the center 15 of the reflector arrangement 10.
  • reflector elements with a three-sided cross section are preferred, they can also be V-shaped.
  • the term "reflector element" is intended to include both. In the embodiment according to FIG.
  • each of the triangular reflector elements 11 forms an isosceles, right-angled triangle and the reflector arrangement 10 comprises eight triangular corner reflectors, the sides of which are essentially perpendicular to one another.
  • the hypotenuses of the reflector elements form the edges of a regular octahedron.
  • the reflector elements 11 are equipped with a folded longitudinal seam 12 along each edge.
  • This edge-side longitudinal seam 12 results in a channel or area through which a tension-providing band 13 can be pulled.
  • the band 13 consists of a line with low weight, small diameter, certain strength and low coefficient of friction, for example an ordinary fishing line, which may consist of braided Dacron or a single-thread line or a strong thread made of, for example, nylon, Kevlar or the like . Elastic materials can also be used.
  • the tape 13 also passes through mounting brackets 14 located on each of the six outer apices of the reflector assembly 10. A small ring, which lies in the center 15 of the reflector arrangement 10, allows all stretches of the strips 13 to converge at the center of the reflector arrangement 10.
  • the band passes 13, starting from a mounting bracket 14, by a folded, edge-side longitudinal seam 12 from a vertex to the midpoint of the R eflektorenänord- voltage 10. Afterwards the strip occurs several times through the ring at the midpoint 15 and the mounting brackets 14 therethrough. It is possible to hang all reflector elements using a continuous length of tape 13. However, in a preferred hanging method, three separate bands are used, one for each of the three orthogonal planes.
  • the mounting clips 14 are attached to eyelets 16 located near the inner surface of an inflatable sheath 17.
  • the inflatable cover 17 can consist of a flexible, water- and airtight material which is permeable to radar waves, such as polyvinyl chloride film, polyurethane film, Mylar, Tedlar or another plastic film material, rubber, sealed material or the like.
  • the preferred inflatable sheath is constructed as a ball from four or more sections or gussets that have airtight seams connecting the individual sections to form the inflatable sheath 17. These seams are preferably formed with unprocessed brims 18 on the inner surface of the casing 17 and arranged at an angle of 90 ° to one another.
  • the eyelets 16 can be attached to the untrimmed brims 18 and thereby provide orthogonal attachment points for the attachment clips on the apices of the reflector assembly.
  • the band 13 is tensioned.
  • the total length of the band 13 is several times longer than the corresponding diameter of the inflatable cover 17. Therefore, a small increase in the diameter of the inflatable cover 17 leads to a multiple increase in the required length of the band. For this reason, when the sleeve 17 is inflated, a sag in the band is quickly compensated for without the need for great accuracy in adjusting the length of the band 13. Since each reflector element 11 is surrounded by the tensioned band 13, the reflecting surfaces of the reflector elements 11 are tensioned and kept flat without wrinkles, sagging or twisting. Volume 13 can slide freely in the folded hems 12, the mounting brackets 14 and the ring in the center 15 to be aligned at right angles.
  • the accuracy of the angular alignment of the reflector elements 11 is only a function of the accuracy of the arrangement of the eyelets 16 in the inflatable envelope 17 and does not depend on the accuracy of the structure of the reflector elements 11 themselves.
  • the reflector elements have the shape of a right-angled triangle.
  • the tension of the tape or tapes is introduced harmoniously into the respective reflector element without this resulting in tension peaks in the region of the corners of the reflector element and in the center of the hypotenuse no longer having sufficient clamping force.
  • An inflation valve 20 allows gas to be introduced into the inflatable sheath 17.
  • the design of the inflation valve used depends on whether the inflation is by mouth, compressed air, or a pressurized gas that is lighter than air.
  • Brackets or eyelets 21 can be provided on the outside of the inflatable envelope 17 and a fastening possibility for a Taljereep 22, a care form a line or the like.
  • the Taljereep 22 can be used to attach the inflatable radar reflector system to a person or object.
  • FIG. 3 An alternative embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 3, in which the same reference numerals designate the same components.
  • This alternative embodiment is identical in structure and mode of operation to the previously described embodiment, with a specific difference with regard to the edges of the reflector elements 11.
  • the edge-side longitudinal seams 12 shown in FIG. 2 are cut out according to FIG. 3 and alternately form empty spaces and tongues 12a on each of the edges which are adjacent to one another.
  • the tongues 12a are arranged so that they interlock and fit along a common line.
  • the interlocking tongues 12a of the reflector elements can thus share a common individual longitudinal section of the band 13. This division of a common band length along the interlocking edges of adjacent reflector elements allows the overall length of the band to be shortened so that less friction occurs and eliminates the need for a center ring as shown at center 15 in FIG. 2.
  • Inflatable radar reflectors of the type according to the invention can have reflector elements of different numbers and positions.
  • the arrangement according to the invention can have a minimum of seven reflectors 31 to 37 with three different ones 4 can be realized instead of the twelve identical triangular reflector elements 11 of the preferred embodiments.
  • a similar R can eflektorenanowski let from any number of reflective surfaces are made between seven and twelve.
  • Another possible form of modification consists in an inflatable radar reflector, in which the reflector elements 41 in one hemisphere are rotated relative to the reflector elements 42 in the other hemisphere, as can be seen from FIG. 5.
  • ten attachment points may be required for ten eyelets and attachment clips.
  • any configuration of a complex reflector arrangement 51 can be obtained; as shown in Fig. 6 if it is suspended as described above.
  • a spherical inflatable envelope it is also possible to use a variety of shapes for the outer inflatable envelope as long as the eyelets are properly positioned within the inflatable shape. Many variations of the invention are thus possible and these are encompassed by the invention within the scope of the appended claims.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
EP85114423A 1984-11-13 1985-11-13 Réflecteur radar gonflable Expired EP0182274B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85114423T ATE43937T1 (de) 1984-11-13 1985-11-13 Aufblasbarer radarreflektor.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US670211 1984-11-13
US06/670,211 US4673934A (en) 1984-11-13 1984-11-13 Inflatable radar reflector

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0182274A2 true EP0182274A2 (fr) 1986-05-28
EP0182274A3 EP0182274A3 (en) 1987-05-06
EP0182274B1 EP0182274B1 (fr) 1989-06-07

Family

ID=24689469

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85114423A Expired EP0182274B1 (fr) 1984-11-13 1985-11-13 Réflecteur radar gonflable

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4673934A (fr)
EP (1) EP0182274B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE43937T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3570952D1 (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2227368A (en) * 1989-01-24 1990-07-25 Marconi Gec Ltd Radar reflector
GB2238175A (en) * 1989-09-23 1991-05-22 Woodville Polymer Eng Detection of airborne craft.
WO1991009434A1 (fr) * 1988-07-13 1991-06-27 Baco Industrier A/S Reflecteur angulaire employe dans un ballon radar
EP0507632A1 (fr) * 1991-04-04 1992-10-07 Chemring Limited Réflecteur radar maritime gonflable
AU645743B2 (en) * 1989-12-11 1994-01-27 Baco Industrier A/S A corner reflector for use in a radar balloon
WO1995000981A1 (fr) * 1993-06-25 1995-01-05 Forsvarets Forskningsinstitutt Suspension a tensions controlees d'objets a l'interieur d'un aerostat
US5457472A (en) * 1992-06-11 1995-10-10 Baco Industrier A/S Corner reflector for use in a radar balloon
FR2723263A1 (fr) * 1993-02-23 1996-02-02 Lacroix E Tous Artifices Reflecteur radar perfectionne a base de reflecteurs d'angle et de structure support gonflable
EP1847453A3 (fr) * 2006-04-21 2008-06-04 Haindl Kunststoffverarbeitung GmbH Signaux optiques
EP1700358A4 (fr) * 2003-12-04 2008-07-16 John R Essig Jr Appareil modulaire, gonflable, multifonction et pouvant etre deploye sur le terrain et procedes de fabrication
WO2017017932A1 (fr) * 2015-07-24 2017-02-02 日本電気株式会社 Réflecteur
WO2019012503A1 (fr) * 2017-07-14 2019-01-17 Tubitak Leurre passif à réflexion arrière omnidirectionnelle

Families Citing this family (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4901081A (en) * 1988-08-22 1990-02-13 Lifeball International Corporation Elliptical inflatable radar reflector
JP2716165B2 (ja) 1988-10-28 1998-02-18 エイチ．ベイン，ジュニア ジョン 楕円形の膨大自在なレーダーリフレクター
ATE132299T1 (de) * 1990-04-12 1996-01-15 Colebrand Ltd Reflektor
RU2140690C1 (ru) * 1996-08-12 1999-10-27 Акционерное общество закрытого типа "Техномарин" Пассивный радиолокационный отражатель (его варианты) и плавучий навигационный знак
US5838275A (en) * 1996-10-03 1998-11-17 Carmi; Ariel Marine personal locator and automatic opening omnidirectional radar retroreflector incorporated therein
AU2079199A (en) * 1998-01-23 1999-08-09 Rhumbline Limited A buoyancy device
US6115003A (en) * 1998-03-11 2000-09-05 Dennis J. Kozakoff Inflatable plane wave antenna
US5940023A (en) * 1998-04-29 1999-08-17 Pioneer Aerospace Corporation Parachute apparatus having enhanced radar reflective characteristics
US6384764B1 (en) * 2000-01-14 2002-05-07 Todd Cumberland Inflatable radar reflector
US6300893B1 (en) * 2000-03-27 2001-10-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Emergency passive radar locating device
GB2368216B (en) * 2000-07-06 2004-04-28 Roke Manor Research Improvements in or relating to radar systems
US6570545B1 (en) 2001-12-06 2003-05-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Apparatus and process for reflecting radar waves
US6864858B1 (en) 2001-12-06 2005-03-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Radar reflecting rescue device
US6963315B2 (en) * 2003-05-05 2005-11-08 Srs Technologies, Inc. Inflatable antenna
AP2007003969A0 (en) * 2004-10-20 2007-04-30 John R Essig Jr Multi-function field-deployable resource harnessing apparatus and method of manufactures
US20070105081A1 (en) * 2005-11-04 2007-05-10 Valle Rainer A D Apparatus for swimmer protection and uses thereof
GB2462777A (en) * 2007-06-22 2010-02-24 Korea Maritime & Ocean Enginee Emergency position indicating device using RCS(radar cross section) characteristics
GB2475746A (en) * 2009-11-30 2011-06-01 Anthony George Kearney Stabilised radar reflector located within a protective sphere
US7932850B1 (en) * 2010-05-28 2011-04-26 Arthur Anton Hochschild, III Buoyant target with radar reflectivity
KR20130037242A (ko) * 2010-07-16 2013-04-15 서브시 애셋 로케이션 테크놀로지스 리미티드 음향반사기
JP6042810B2 (ja) * 2011-07-08 2016-12-14 株式会社Ｉｈｉエアロスペース コーナーリフレクタ
JP6042811B2 (ja) * 2011-07-08 2016-12-14 株式会社Ｉｈｉエアロスペース コーナーリフレクタ
DE102011120929A1 (de) 2011-12-14 2013-06-20 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Schutzsystem, insbesondere für Schiffe, gegen radargelenkte Bedrohungen
US20150048572A1 (en) * 2013-03-29 2015-02-19 American Pacific Plastic Fabricators, Inc. Buoyant target with laser reflectivity
US9853360B2 (en) * 2014-06-20 2017-12-26 Lockheed Martin Corporation Inflatable radar signal device
US11112490B2 (en) * 2019-04-15 2021-09-07 Argo AI, LLC Apparatus for joint calibration of radar and camera systems for autonomous vehicle applications
USD977999S1 (en) * 2020-02-27 2023-02-14 Topcon Corporation Prism for measuring
RU2767017C1 (ru) * 2021-05-12 2022-03-16 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем морских технологий Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук (ИПМТ ДВО РАН) Модульный надувной радиолокационный отражатель
US20230064232A1 (en) * 2021-08-27 2023-03-02 Motional Ad Llc Universal calibration targets and calibration spaces
FR3162527A1 (fr) 2024-05-21 2025-11-28 Institut Polytechnique De Grenoble Station repère d’imagerie

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2463517A (en) * 1945-06-30 1949-03-08 Chromak Leon Air-borne corner reflector
US2534716A (en) * 1945-10-08 1950-12-19 Emmett L Hudspeth Inflatable radar reflector buoy
US2576255A (en) * 1948-06-15 1951-11-27 Emmett L Hudspeth Reflecting fabric
US3041604A (en) * 1957-08-15 1962-06-26 Decca Record Co Ltd Corner reflector formed of taut flat reflecting elements with resilient peripheral tesion frames
US2912687A (en) * 1957-11-19 1959-11-10 Leonard Nathaniel Nelson Foldable radar target
US3047860A (en) * 1957-11-27 1962-07-31 Austin B Swallow Two ply electromagnetic energy reflecting fabric
US3276017A (en) * 1961-10-18 1966-09-27 Gen Mills Inc Inflatable support structure
US3671965A (en) * 1970-04-03 1972-06-20 Us Navy Rapid deployment corner reflector
AR209680A1 (es) * 1975-09-22 1977-05-13 Jouanno R Perfeccionamientos introducidos en un reflector de radar plegable

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991009434A1 (fr) * 1988-07-13 1991-06-27 Baco Industrier A/S Reflecteur angulaire employe dans un ballon radar
GB2227368A (en) * 1989-01-24 1990-07-25 Marconi Gec Ltd Radar reflector
GB2238175A (en) * 1989-09-23 1991-05-22 Woodville Polymer Eng Detection of airborne craft.
AU645743B2 (en) * 1989-12-11 1994-01-27 Baco Industrier A/S A corner reflector for use in a radar balloon
EP0507632A1 (fr) * 1991-04-04 1992-10-07 Chemring Limited Réflecteur radar maritime gonflable
US5457472A (en) * 1992-06-11 1995-10-10 Baco Industrier A/S Corner reflector for use in a radar balloon
FR2723263A1 (fr) * 1993-02-23 1996-02-02 Lacroix E Tous Artifices Reflecteur radar perfectionne a base de reflecteurs d'angle et de structure support gonflable
WO1995000981A1 (fr) * 1993-06-25 1995-01-05 Forsvarets Forskningsinstitutt Suspension a tensions controlees d'objets a l'interieur d'un aerostat
EP1700358A4 (fr) * 2003-12-04 2008-07-16 John R Essig Jr Appareil modulaire, gonflable, multifonction et pouvant etre deploye sur le terrain et procedes de fabrication
EP1847453A3 (fr) * 2006-04-21 2008-06-04 Haindl Kunststoffverarbeitung GmbH Signaux optiques
WO2017017932A1 (fr) * 2015-07-24 2017-02-02 日本電気株式会社 Réflecteur
WO2019012503A1 (fr) * 2017-07-14 2019-01-17 Tubitak Leurre passif à réflexion arrière omnidirectionnelle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0182274A3 (en) 1987-05-06
ATE43937T1 (de) 1989-06-15
EP0182274B1 (fr) 1989-06-07
US4673934A (en) 1987-06-16
DE3570952D1 (en) 1989-07-13

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