Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M141/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
  • C10M107/38—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing halogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M131/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen
  • C10M131/14—Halogenated waxes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
  • C10M135/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium containing a sulfur-to-oxygen bond
  • C10M135/10—Sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
  • C10M159/12—Reaction products
  • C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
  • C10M159/24—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing sulfonic radicals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2211/08—Halogenated waxes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10M2219/046—Overbased sulfonic acid salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
  • C10N2040/251—Alcohol-fuelled engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
  • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
  • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
  • C10N2040/28—Rotary engines

Definitions

• This invention relates generally to the field of lubricant additives, and more specifically relates to the field of extreme pressure additives suitable for addition to motor oils and other lubricants.
• chlorine-based compounds such as those chlorine derivates of paraffinic hydrocarbon compounds referred to as chlorinated paraffins
• chlorinated paraffins can serve as lubricant additives to improve the performance of the lubricant under extreme pressure.
• the two metal surfaces Under normal lubricating conditions, the two metal surfaces will be separated by a thin fifm of lubricant which provides the required reduction in friction. Under situations of extreme pressure between the two metal surfaces, all the liquid lubricant is forced from the area of contact between the surfaces.
• an extreme pressure additive such as chlorinated paraffin
• This surface coating of chloride has a much lower coefficient of friction than the dry metal surface. The iron chloride surface coating tends to fill in depressions in the surface, resulting in smoother surfaces at the point of interaction and reduced friction and wear.
• Chlorinated paraffins have been used as extreme pressure additives in such applications as metal-working. However, the corrosive nature of chlorinated paraffin has made it generally unsuitable for use in internal combustion engine applications or other corrosion-sensitive applications. Under heating, the chlorinated paraffins release hydrochloric acid, which is corrosive.
• the present invention provides an extreme pressure additive largely composed of chlorinated paraffins but having reduced corrosive properties. It is therefore suitable for use in internal combustion engine lubricants or other ap- plicafions where corrosion must be avoided.
• an extreme pressure lubricant additive comprising a large amount of chlorinated paraffin and a small amount of an alkaline earth metal sulfonate, preferably calcium or barium sulfonate.
• a mineral oil, with or without mineral spirits, may be used as a base oil for the additive and a solvent may be added to improve the shelf life of the product
• the additive comprises between thirty and seventy volume percent chlorinated paraffins and from .5 to 10 percent by volume calcium sulfonate:
• the additive comprises approximately 51.5 volume percent chlorinated paraffins, approximately 31 volume percent of a solvent approximately 15.5 volume percent of a mineral oil, approximately 1 volume percent of mineral spirits and approximately 1 volume percent of a calcium sulfonate.
• a lubricant suitable for use as a motor oil in internal combustion engines is provi ded by adding one part of the above extreme pressure lubricant additive to between 10 and 30 parts of standard motor oil.
• one part of the extreme pressure additive is added to twenty parts standard motor oil.
• the above extreme pressure lubricant additive may be added to various greases, hydraulic fluid, cutting oil, gear box oil, automatic transmission fluid, air-conditioner refrigerant or penetrating oil to improve the extreme pressure performance of such lubricants.
• the extreme pressure lubricant additive may be added to gasoline or diesel fuel conditioners to provide an improved gasoline or diesel fuel conditioner.
• the portion of solvent may be partially mixed with the initial paraffin/mineral oil mixture.
• chlorinated paraffin used in the present invention is the product marketed by C-I-L Inc. under the trade name CERECLOR trade mark 63L which has a stated molecular formula of C 15.5 H 26.8 Cl 16.31 .
• the product is known to be mildly corrosive in contact with steel and to decompose into hydrochloric acid and hydrogen chloride).
• Other grades of CERECLOR are also suitable.
• the chlorinated paraffin in an amount approximately 51.5 percent by volume of the final additive product is mixed with a base mineral oil in an amount approximately 15.4 percent by volume by blending thoroughly at slow speeds to avoid foaming. The mixture may be heated to approximately 150°F to promote the mixing process and prevent subsequent separation of the consitutuent components.
• a preferred mineral oil is marketed by Shell Canada Limited under the trade name VITREA trade mark No. 220.
• the calcium sulfonate is next mixed separately with mineral spirits. The preferred proportion is approximately 1 percent calcium sulfonate by volume of the final additive product, and approximately 1 percent by volume of the mineral spirits.
• the preferred product for the calcium sulfonate is marketed under the trade mark LUBRIZOL trade mark 78 by the Lubrizol Corporation. It is a highly basic calcium sulfonate, approximately 400 TBN having a calcium weight percent between 15.0 and 16.0 and a sulfur weight percent between 1.25 and 1.8.
• the preferred mineral spirit product is marketed by Shell Canada Limited under the trade mark SHELL SOL trade mark and has a composition of 89-94 percent by volume of saturates, and 6-15 percent by volume aromatics, and a maximum 0.1 percent by volume sulfur
• the calcium sulfonate/mineral spirits mixture is then blended with the chlorinated paraffin/mineral oil mixture and an aromatic solvent is an amount of approximately 30.9 percent by volume of the final mixture.
• the purpose of the solvent is to improve the shelf life of the product by thinning the mixture so that the paraffin remains in suspension for a longer period before separating out into layers.
• a suitable aromatic solvent is that sold under the trade mark CYCLO-SOL * 53 by Shell Canada Limited.
• a small amount of an industrial scent such as Felton* Solvent Mask C #962 manufactured by Felton International may be added in an amount of approximately 1 litre of mask per 45 gallon drum of chlorinated paraffins.
• the solvent may also be partly added to the initial CERECLOR/mineral oil mixture.
• the blending is preferably done so that the product is not permitted to foam. Again, the ingredients may be blended at an elevated temperature of about 150° to avoid crystallization or sedimentation of the components. The result of this final blending process is the extreme pressure additive of the invention.
• a sample of the lubricant additive of the invention has provided the following analysis. These factors are variable depending on the grade of chlorinated paraffin used and the precise proportion of components.
• the invention has shown good compatability with all three standard types of motor oil.
• mild steel blanks were left in the product for seven days at between 210°F (98.9°C) and 220°F - ( 1 04.4°C).
• ESSO UNIFLO 10/40 oil
• the additive of the invention was added in the amount of 6 percent by volume to the UNIFLO * there again was no corrosion loss measured.
• the effectiveness of the invention as an extreme pressure lubricant can be readily demonstrated using an extreme pressure testing machine.
• This machine utilizes an electric motor to rotate a steel bearing race.
• a stationary steel bearing is brought into contact with the rotating bearing race. This is done by removably inserting the bearing into the end of a rotating arm which is allowed to rest in contact with the rotating bearing.
• the arm is in turn levered by a second rotating arm to the end of which weights may be applied.
• the effect of the arrangement of the arms is to provide a multiple lever effect so that a small weight applied to the end of the latter arm is greatly magnified through the principle of the lever through to the point of contact with the rotating bearing race. Because of the small area of contact, a very great pressure is applied by the stationary bearing to the rotating bearing race.
• the bearing race is initially allowed to rotate in a bath of a standard motor oil, and the end of the arm with the test bearing is allowed to rest on the rotating race without additional pressure. On examination of the test bearing, it is found that a small scar, approximately one millimeter in width is formed in the surface of the bearing due to the friction. The test bearing is then rotated to apply a fresh surface to the bearing race, and again the test bearing is allowed to contact the rotating race, only this time a weight of approximately four pounds is applied to the end of the multiple-fever apparatus to apply more pressure to the point of contact. Upon examination of the test bearing, a large scar has been formed in the surface of the bearing, approximately four millimeters in width.
• the point where the test bearing contacted the bearing race rotating in the oil-plus-additive bath appears to the eye to be a small polished area on the surface of the bearing.
• the weight at the end of the lever mechanism is increased by a factor of six from the four-pound (1.81 kg.) weight the size of the scar on the test bearing does not increase significantly and still is not significantly greater in width than was the case in the oil-only bath situation where no additional pressure was added. tndeed, the surface of the scar is shown to be polished compared to the pitted scar present in the oil-only situation.
• the lubricant additive of the invention may also be added to other lubricants and fluids such as greases, (where approximately 10 percent by volume of the additive is preferred), metal cutting lubricants, industrial gear lubricants, hydraulic oils (excluding hydraulic brake fluid), automatic transmission fluid, power steering fluid, penetrating oil, air-conditioner refrigerant, and as a coating for brass.
• the additive of the invention serves to reduce friction and metal wear under extreme pressure situations, and also serves to reduce corrosion. It has also been found that by adding the extreme pressure additive product of the invention to a gasoline or diesel fuel conditioner, the performance of the internal combustion engine is improved through lubrication of the moving metal parts which come into contact with the fuel in the upper end of the engine.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
• Decoration By Transfer Pictures (AREA)
• Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (3)

Family

ID=4130084

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (2)

Family Cites Families (3)

• 1985
  • 1985-03-20 CA CA000477059A patent/CA1221677A/en not_active Expired
• 1986
  • 1986-03-18 NO NO861040A patent/NO861040L/no unknown
  • 1986-03-19 AT AT86302050T patent/ATE91298T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1986-03-19 DE DE86302050T patent/DE3688654T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1986-03-19 FI FI861151A patent/FI861151A7/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1986-03-19 JP JP61059609A patent/JPS61258898A/ja active Pending
  • 1986-03-19 EP EP86302050A patent/EP0195674B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1986-03-20 CN CN86102743A patent/CN86102743A/zh active Pending
  • 1986-03-20 PT PT82234A patent/PT82234B/pt unknown
  • 1986-03-20 KR KR1019860002076A patent/KR900000876B1/ko not_active Expired

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