EP0197641B1 - Gerät zum Schutz gegen Dekompression und giftige Dämpfe - Google Patents

Gerät zum Schutz gegen Dekompression und giftige Dämpfe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0197641B1
EP0197641B1 EP19860301282 EP86301282A EP0197641B1 EP 0197641 B1 EP0197641 B1 EP 0197641B1 EP 19860301282 EP19860301282 EP 19860301282 EP 86301282 A EP86301282 A EP 86301282A EP 0197641 B1 EP0197641 B1 EP 0197641B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
breathing device
removal means
chamber
reservoir
breathing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19860301282
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0197641A1 (de
Inventor
Bertil Werjefelt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cessione xenex Corp A Corporation Of S
Original Assignee
EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Publication of EP0197641A1 publication Critical patent/EP0197641A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0197641B1 publication Critical patent/EP0197641B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
    • A62B7/08—Respiratory apparatus containing chemicals producing oxygen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B17/00—Protective clothing affording protection against heat or harmful chemical agents or for use at high altitudes
    • A62B17/04—Hoods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B19/00—Cartridges with absorbing substances for respiratory apparatus
    • A62B19/02—Cartridges with absorbing substances for respiratory apparatus with oxidising agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
    • A62B7/14—Respiratory apparatus for high-altitude aircraft

Definitions

  • a continuing concern for the aircraft industry is apparatus for the protection of passengers against either decompression in flight or toxic fumes resulting from onboard fires.
  • oxygen masks and other apparatus have been provided for passenger use.
  • previous apparatus do not satisfy the need for individual smoke protection of 30 minutes or more, and the size and weight of apparatus previously available has limited its use in aircraft.
  • the ratio of equipment poundage to minutes of protection was of the order of 1 : 0.5 to 1 : 3.
  • much of the equipment previously available for decompression or toxic fume protection is complicated to use and might be of limited value to an aircraft passenger in an emergency situation.
  • a continuing need exists for an uncomplicated, light-weight apparatus that will provide extended protection against toxic fumes in an aircraft environment.
  • a need exists for such an apparatus in a variety of other applications such as hotels and hospitals in which it may be necessary to escape from a smoke-filled environment with an apparatus that provides at least about 30 minutes of breathable air for the user.
  • FR-A-1 599 791 describes a protective hood which is constructed from flexible plastic sheet material and is given sufficient rigidity to form a bell-shaped helmet by a framework of a flexible inflatable tubing connected to the sheet material along the peripheral edges of the hood. Air is supplied from a remote source to the interior of the hood via the tubing and holes in the tubing communicating with the interior of the hood. Regenerating means are not provided in connection with this breathing hood.
  • US-A-3 895 625 discloses a self-contained protective hood having a rigid framework which supports a translucent, heat-resistant sheet material.
  • the hood includes an elastic annular seal adapted to seal around the neck of the wearer and an oxygen regeneration device located within the hood.
  • the present invention provides an improved apparatus for protection against decompression and toxic fumes, particularly in an aircraft environment, which permits more complete utilization of available oxygen.
  • a breathing device comprising an inflatable outer chamber surrounding and defining by its inner sidewall an inner chamber adapted to surround the head of the wearer, a gas reservoir, a gas inlet to the outer chamber and a valve permitting gas to flow from the outer chamber to the reservoir, and a passageway to permit gas to flow between the reservoir and the inner chamber through a C0 2 removal means, the outer chamber being inflatable to a rigidity sufficient to maintain substantially constant the volume of the inner chamber while the wearer is breathing.
  • the C0 2 removal means may be disposed within a ring around the neck of the wearer or alternatively in a container exterior to the body of the breathing device.
  • Alkali metal hydroxides e. g. lithium hydroxide and oxides and sodium carbonate are examples of suitable CO 2 removal means and may be employed in the breathing device in an amount of from 50 to 500 grams, preferably 75 to 150 grams.
  • a breathing device having concentric inner and outer chambers.
  • the outer chamber is inflatable to a rigidity sufficient to maintain a substantially constant volume of the inner chamber while the wearer is breathing.
  • the device also includes a reservoir connected to the inner chamber by way of a carbon dioxide removal means.
  • C0 2 removal A wide variety of materials can be used for C0 2 removal. These include for example, alkali metal hydroxides and oxides and sodium carbonate. Of these, the lithium and sodium salts are preferred, and lithium hydroxide in particulate form is particularly preferred.
  • C0 2 absorbants in liquid or gel form can be used. The quantity of C0 2 absorbant used will vary according to the absorbant selected and the capacity of the hood. In general, about from 50 to 500 grams can be used in the present invention. It has been shown that about from 3 to 4 grams of lithium hydroxide are required for removal of carbon dioxide during each minute of closed circuit breathing in an environment of substantially pure oxygen. Preferably, about from 75 to 150 grams of C0 2 absorbant are used in the present devices.
  • the C0 2 removal means can be integrated into the present breathing device in a wide variety of configurations.
  • the C0 2 removal means can be contained in a separate chamber positioned, for example, as a ring around the neck of the wearer.
  • the C0 2 removal means can be exterior to the remainder of the hood structure, for example, in a compartment, canister or hose adjacent to the inlet. The positioning of the CO 2 removal means exterior to the hood permits the replacement or renewal of the C0 2 removal means for reuse of the hood.
  • a breathing device which consists of three concentric chambers, the chambers being designated as an inner chamber, an inflatable outer chamber and a reservoir.
  • the inner chamber is nested within the inflatable chamber which is nested within the reservoir.
  • gas is passed from an outside source, such as the fresh air and/or oxygen supply on an aircraft, to the inflatable outer chamber of the breathing device.
  • the outer chamber is inflatable to a rigidity sufficient to maintain substantially constant volume of the inner chamber within the breathing device while the wearer is breathing.
  • a valved mechanism is provided to permit passage of the gas, whether fresh air, oxygen enriched air, or pure oxygen, from the outer chamber to the reservoir.
  • a passage is also provided from the reservoir, through a C0 2 removal means, to the inner chamber. Accordingly, with the breathing of the wearer, oxygen and/or air is drawn only from the reservoir. In this manner, the inflatable outer chamber is kept at substantially constant volume while the wearer is breathing.
  • inhalation by the wearer draws air from the reservoir, through the C0 2 removal means, and into the inner chamber.
  • the exhaling pressure of the wearer forces exhaust air through the carbon dioxide absorber, and back to the reservoir.
  • gas is supplied through inlet 1, from a source, not shown, of fresh air, oxygen, or both, to inflatable outer chamber 2, surrounding the head of the wearer.
  • inflatable outer chamber 2 When the inflatable outer chamber is substantially fully inflated, the gas passes through valve 3 into reservoir 4, here shown as an additional outer concentric chamber.
  • Inhaling of the wearer causes flow from the reservoir through CO 2 removal means 5 to inner chamber 6.
  • Exhaling by the wearer causes passage of exhaust breath back through the C0 2 removal means and to the reservoir.
  • the C0 2 removal means is here illustrated as an annular ring, containing C0 2 absorbant 7, through which the air is circulated in its passage between the reservoir and the inner chamber.
  • the hood is also provided with annular neck seal 8.
  • FIG. 2 Another embodiment of the invention is illustrated in Figure 2, in which the C0 2 removal means is exterior to the inner, outer and reservoir elements surrounding the head of the wearer, and is in the form of canister 21 containing C0 2 absorbant 22.
  • the outer chamber is inflatable to a rigidity sufficient to maintain substantially constant internal volume while the wearer is breathing.
  • a typical construction which can be used for this function is illustrated in Figure 3, in which the chamber is fabricated from two layers of thermoplastic material 31 and 32, the two layers being heat sealed at seams 33 to provide a plurality of pockets 34 having upper and lower portions 34A and 34B. Alternatively, the sheets can be adhesively bonded as required. The area between the upper and lower portions is sealed together to provide visibility band 35. The visibility band is interrupted by full length air pockets 36 which increase the rigidity of the structure when inflated.
  • a wide variety of construction materials can be used for the breathing devices of the present invention.
  • Particularly satisfactory are polymeric films, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, fluoropolymers and polyethylene terephthalate. Such films are particularly useful in forming the inflatable outer chamber.
  • Heat resistant materials such as polyimide films are preferably used for the exterior wall of the breathing device. Those films commercially available from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company as Kapton polyimide films have been found to be particularly satisfactory.
  • the exterior surface of the breathing device can be metalized for further heat reflectivity, using techniques well known in the art.
  • the breathing devices of the present invention provide several advantages over similar devices previously known in the art.
  • the present devices permit, through the inflatable outer chamber, a constant volume while the wearer is breathing.
  • carbon dioxide removal means integrated into the breathing device upon disconnecting the device from the gas supply, maximum utilization of the oxygen in the gas contained within the hood can be obtained. Without the C0 2 removal means, the available oxygen can be utilized to a substantially lesser extent, with increasing build-up of carbon dioxide.
  • the breathing devices of the present invention can be used in a wide variety of applications, including aircraft cabin interiors, hospitals, and residential and commercial interiors.
  • a gas source such as those available on an aircraft
  • the user can breathe in a toxic fume environment or in a decompression situation for virtually unlimited periods of time.
  • Upon disconnection from a gas source up to about 45 minutes of breathable and usable air, with the carbon dioxide removal means, are available.
  • the present hoods can be safely stored for extended periods without deterioration of their operating capabilities. However, it is preferred that the hoods be stored in a sealed container to insulate the devices from changes in environmental conditions.
  • the present apparatus makes more effective use of the oxygen supply systems currently in place on commercial aircraft for decompression protection.
  • the oxygen masks previously provided on aircraft provide the user with a mixture of oxygen and ambient air, while the present devices provide the user with a substantially pure oxygen for decompression as well as smoke protection.
  • the present invention does not require a pump or pressure source for operation of the C0 2 removal means once the hood has been fitted.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Atmungsvorrichtung, die eine aufblasbare äußere Kammer (2), welche durch ihre innere Seitenwand eine innere Kammer (6) umgibt und diese begrenzt, welche derart ausgelegt ist, daß sie den Kopf des Trägers umgibt, einen Gasspeicher (4), einen Gaseinlaß zu der äußeren Kammer und ein Ventil (3) aufweist, welches gestattet, daß Gas von der äußeren Kammer zu dem Speicher strömt, sowie einen Durchgang aufweist, der gestattet, daß Gas zwischen dem Speicher und der inneren Kammer durch ein C02-Entziehungs- mittel (5) strömt, wobei die äußere Kammer zu einer solchen ausreichenden Steifigkeit aufblasbar ist, daß während des Atmens des Trägers das Volumen der inneren Kammer im wesentlichen konstant gehalten wird.
2. Atmungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, bei der das CO2-Entziehungsmittel in einem Ring (7) um den Hals des Trägers angeordnet ist.
3. Atmungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, bei der das CO2-Entziehungsmittel in einem Behälter (21) außerhalb des Körpers der Atmungsvorrichtung vorgesehen ist.
4. Atmungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, welche 50 bis 500 g von dem CO2-Entziehungsmittel aufweist, das aus der Gruppe gewählt ist, die Alkalimetallhydroxide und -oxide und Natriumcarbonat umfaßt.
5. Atmungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, bei der das CO2-Entziehungsmittel Lithiumhydroxid aufweist.
6. Atmungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, welche 75 bis 150 g von teilchenförmigem CO2-Entziehungsmittel aufweist.
7. Atmungsvorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, bei der der Speicher (4) eine Kammer aufweist, die wenigstens teilweise das Teil der aufblasbaren äußeren Kammer (2) umgibt.
8. Atmungsvorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, bei der die innere Kammer (6), die äußere Kammer (2) und der Speicher (4) in Form von drei konzentrischen Kammern angeordnet sind.
9. Atmungsvorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, bei der die äußere Kammer (2) von zwei Schichten aus thermoplastischem Material (31, 32) gebildet wird, welche an Säumen (33) zur Bildung einer Mehrzahl von Taschen (34) heißversiegelt sind.
EP19860301282 1985-03-12 1986-02-21 Gerät zum Schutz gegen Dekompression und giftige Dämpfe Expired EP0197641B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US71067185A 1985-03-12 1985-03-12
US710671 1985-03-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0197641A1 EP0197641A1 (de) 1986-10-15
EP0197641B1 true EP0197641B1 (de) 1989-11-23

Family

ID=24855031

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860301282 Expired EP0197641B1 (de) 1985-03-12 1986-02-21 Gerät zum Schutz gegen Dekompression und giftige Dämpfe

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0197641B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS61206465A (de)
CA (1) CA1276857C (de)
DE (1) DE3667028D1 (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2582524B1 (fr) * 1985-05-31 1989-01-13 Air Liquide Cagoule de protection contre les fumees et l'hypoxie
GB8814786D0 (en) * 1988-06-22 1988-07-27 Bp Oil Ltd Protective hood
GB9119441D0 (en) * 1991-09-12 1991-10-23 Richards Brian J Breathing apparatus
US9636527B2 (en) * 2012-11-30 2017-05-02 B/E Aerospace, Inc. Protective breathing apparatus inhalation duct
KR101894203B1 (ko) * 2018-01-25 2018-08-31 이일형 호흡용 공기취입식 후드
KR102320157B1 (ko) * 2020-07-21 2021-11-01 박해영 목 베개 양압 헤드 쉴드

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE647560C (de) * 1937-07-07 Jean Marie Guy Giraudet De Bou Gasschutzhaube
FR1599791A (de) * 1968-10-16 1970-07-20
US3565068A (en) * 1969-02-07 1971-02-23 Automatic Sprinkler Corp Breathing apparatus
FR2220133A5 (de) * 1973-03-01 1974-09-27 Delest Rene
US3906945A (en) * 1974-04-29 1975-09-23 Ato Inc Endothermal carbon dioxide absorption
US3976063A (en) * 1974-09-16 1976-08-24 The Bendix Corporation Escape breathing apparatus
US4164218A (en) * 1977-12-09 1979-08-14 Midori Anzen Company, Ltd. Personal escape breathing apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS61206465A (ja) 1986-09-12
EP0197641A1 (de) 1986-10-15
DE3667028D1 (en) 1989-12-28
CA1276857C (en) 1990-11-27

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