EP0200637A1 - Apparat zur Erzeugung eines Hochtemperaturgasstrahls - Google Patents

Apparat zur Erzeugung eines Hochtemperaturgasstrahls Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0200637A1
EP0200637A1 EP86400868A EP86400868A EP0200637A1 EP 0200637 A1 EP0200637 A1 EP 0200637A1 EP 86400868 A EP86400868 A EP 86400868A EP 86400868 A EP86400868 A EP 86400868A EP 0200637 A1 EP0200637 A1 EP 0200637A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
enclosure
tube
heating tube
heating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86400868A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0200637B1 (de
Inventor
Guy Salinier
Philippe Renault
Pierre Lelong
Christophe Dembinski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Priority to AT86400868T priority Critical patent/ATE40741T1/de
Publication of EP0200637A1 publication Critical patent/EP0200637A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0200637B1 publication Critical patent/EP0200637B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/38—Torches, e.g. for brazing or heating
    • F23D14/42—Torches, e.g. for brazing or heating for cutting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for producing a jet of gas at high temperature, comprising an enclosure, means for introducing a gas into this enclosure, means for heating the gas in the enclosure and means for evacuation of hot gas from the enclosure.
  • jets of hot oxidizing gas in particular oxygen
  • the flame-cutting technique uses a torch from which a high-speed oxygen jet comes out surrounded by a heating flame.
  • peripheral heating flame is essential for initiating the reaction. After priming, the essential role of this heating flame is to maintain the upper edge of the bleeding front at a temperature sufficient for the sheath of liquid slag to be renewed.
  • the necessary calories being provided by the iron oxidation reaction the heating in fact takes place only to avoid risks of defusing.
  • thermoelectric generator this gas being able to be an oxidizing gas by applications such as metallurgy, oxy-fuel burners, etc. non-oxidizing or inert gas, such as nitrogen, etc. in applications, for example, of the heat treatment type.
  • German patent 726668 It is known from German patent 726668 to cool the nozzle of mixing a torch using cutting oxygen, brought around the latter in a coil surrounding the nozzle, the oxygen being thus preheated by recovery of part of the heat given off by the oxy-cutting reaction.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a device of particularly simple design, having good thermal efficiency and making it possible to produce at its outlet a jet of gas at a very high temperature, which can reach 1600 ° C. at most.
  • the apparatus according to the invention is characterized in that the means for heating the gas in the enclosure consist, on the one hand, of a heating tube extending across the enclosure and constituting a heating resistor , this tube comprising electrical connection means for the connection of this resistor to electrical supply means, and on the other hand, heat exchanger means arranged around the heating tube and in thermal contact therewith, said means comprising at least one gas pipe from the means of introduction into the enclosure to an opening located near the first end of the heating tube, the second end of which communicates with the means for evacuating the hot gas from the enclosure, the gas thus being heated in the heat exchanger means before passing inside the heating tube to finally flow through the means for evacuating the hot gas from the enclosure.
  • the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 comprises a tubular enclosure 1, for example made of stainless steel or of refractory material, the two opposite ends of which are closed by transverse flanges 2 and 3 respectively.
  • the straight closing flange 3 is welded to the right end of the tubular enclosure 1 while the left flange 2 is removably mounted on a flange 4 welded to the left end of the enclosure 1 and it is fixed to this flange 4 by means of bolts 5.
  • This closing flange 2 constitutes a support for two electrical supply terminals, one of which forms part of an electrical contact 6 engaged inside the enclosure 1, mounted to slide axially in the flange 2 and which is biased towards inside the enclosure by a spring 7 compressed between two washers 8 and 9, for example made of alumina.
  • the washer 8 is held in abutment against a collar 6a of the contact 6 while the insulating sleeve 9 is engaged through the central part of the closing flange 2.
  • the contact 6 projects axially outside the closing flange 2 and its outer end constitutes a terminal which can be connected to the positive pole of a DC power source, the negative pole of which is connected to the closing flange 2, for example by means of a terminal immobilized by one of the bolts 5 forming a negative terminal.
  • the device can also operate with an alternative power source.
  • a heating element 11 constituted by a tube made of a ceramic material such as zirconia or lanthanum chranite or the two associated for example.
  • a ceramic material such as zirconia or lanthanum chranite or the two associated for example.
  • a ceramic compound has the particularity of being both refractory (melting around 2,500 ° C.) and electrical conductor from room temperature.
  • This ceramic tube preferably consists of a resistant central part and of conductive end parts having a resistivity about ten times lower than that of the central part.
  • the extreme parts with low resistivity may comprise, on the ceramic tube with constant resistivity, platinum-plated external zones.
  • the tube 11 could be entirely electrically resistant.
  • the ceramic heating tube 11 is fitted at its right end into a housing 3a of the same diameter provided in the internal front face of the right closing flange 3 and it is applied against the bottom of this housing 3a under the effect of the pressure exerted by the contact 6 on its opposite end, under the action of the spring 7.
  • this contact 6 is applied against the front face of a conductive end piece 12 itself bearing against the left end of the ceramic heating tube 11.
  • the extreme left part of the heating tube 11 and the conductive washer 12 are housed in the internal recess of an alumina ring 13 engaged in the enclosure 1 and the external diameter corresponds to the internal diameter of this enclosure.
  • the ceramic heating tube 11 may or may not have a machined outer surface. This surface may, for example, have a thread or even longitudinal grooves.
  • the ceramic heating tube 11 is surrounded, over most of its length, by a heat exchanger made of thermally conductive material.
  • This heat exchanger can be constituted by at least one internal tube 14 made of dense thermally conductive material, (for example made of alumina or lanthanum chrcmite) which is itself surrounded by an external tube 15 made of porous thermally conductive material, (for example made of alumina porous).
  • an external tube 15 made of porous thermally conductive material for example made of alumina porous.
  • a winding of zirconia felt 16 can optionally be provided between the external tube 15 made of porous alumina and the tubular enclosure 1.
  • the gas which must be heated flows through an external coil 17 which is wound around the tubular enclosure 1 and in thermal contact with it.
  • the gas is introduced into the coil 17 at its left end, that is to say the one where the contact 6 is located, and it penetrates inside the enclosure 1, at the right end of the coil which communicates with the interior of the enclosure 1, by means of a hole 18 drilled at this location in the wall of this enclosure.
  • the gas which enters the enclosure 1 at its right end then flows, through the pipes 117, 118 as it is indicated by the arrows, longitudinally from right to left, through the external porous alumina tube 15 which may optionally have longitudinal grooves to facilitate this flow, and possibly through the zirconia felt winding 16 if the latter is present.
  • the gas exits in a space delimited between this left end and the ring 13 in alumina, then it reverses its direction of flow while passing, from the left towards the straight, between the dense alumina tube 14 and the ceramic heating tube 11.
  • This flow can be facilitated by the presence of longitudinal grooves or a thread, on the external surface of the heating tube 11 or on the internal surface of the alumina tube dense 14.
  • the heating tube 11 has, in its wall, at least one opening 19 which allows the gas to pass inside the tube 11.
  • the hot gas can then exit the device, flowing, in the form of an axial jet, through an outlet nozzle 21 removably fixed, by means of screws 22, on the right closing flange 3.
  • This nozzle 21 can be a well-known flame-cutting nozzle, cooled or not.
  • this nozzle 1 is cooled by water supplied by a pipe 23. It also has an inlet port 24 for connection to a source of heating gas.
  • the ceramic tube 11 When the appliance is in operation, the ceramic tube 11 is heated by the electric current passing from the contact 6, through the conductive washer 12, then over the entire length of the heating tube 11 to the left closing flange 2 which is connected to the negative pole of the electrical power source, i.e. to ground. Due to the passage of this electric current, the ceramic tube 11 heats up in its central part with high resistivity, so that the temperature of this central part can wait for approximately 1,800 ° C. in normal operation. The end parts of the heating tube 11 reach a temperature below 400 ° C, due to their much lower resistivity, which allows good electrical contact to be maintained.
  • the heating tube 11 can be supplied with alternating or direct current, this heating tube being as pure resistance.
  • the measurement of the intensity and the voltage of the current makes it possible to adjust the Joule power supplied to the heating tube 11 and consequently the calorific power which can be absorbed by the gas.
  • the tubes 14 of dense alumina and 15 of porous alumina heat up together with the internal heating tube 11 and in turn heat the enclosure 1 and the coil 17.
  • the gas flowing in the coil 17 is gradually preheated therein. ci, it enters the enclosure 1, at the outlet of the coil 17, then continues to heat up when it flows first from the right to the left through the external porous alumina tube 15 and possibly the winding of zirconia felt 16, then from left to right between the alumina tube dense 14 and the heating tube 11.
  • the gas jet leaving the nozzle 21 can reach a temperature in the region of 1600 ° C.
  • coaxial alumina tubes 14 and 15 are preferably used between the central heating tube 11 and the external enclosure 1, it is also possible to use tubes of another material, for example of lanthanum.
  • the dense alumina tube 14 is advantageously used because it has good thermal characteristics, an expansion coefficient close to that of the lanthanum chromite constituting the heating tube 11 and it also withstands very high temperatures.
  • the porous alumina tube 15 which is preferably used around the dense alumina tube 14, offers the advantage of being a better thermal insulator than the dense alumina.
  • the winding of zirconia felt 16 which is optionally provided between the porous alumina tube 15 and the enclosure 1, makes it possible to reinforce the insulation and also to provide a significant exchange surface for the gas which also preheats by crossing
  • the electrical contact 6 is resiliently biased by the spring 7 against the heating tube 11, by means of the conductive washer 12. This allows the axial expansion and contraction of the heating tube 11 while retaining a good electrical contact. This expansion or contraction which is transmitted to the external part of the contact 6, can possibly be used for the regulation of the temperature of the heating tube 11.
  • the extreme left part of the enclosure 1 where the electrical contact 6 is located is advantageously cooled by a circulation of water in an internal tube 25 fixed, for example, to the internal face of the flange 4.
  • the coil 17 which is traversed by the still relatively cold gas is advantageously covered with a layer 26 of a thermally insulating material, the latter being in turn surrounded by an external cylinder 27.
  • a dense alumina tube 28 is housed coaxially inside the heating tube 11 and this tube 28 is engaged, by its straight end, in a housing for same diameter provided in the internal face of the right closing flange 3.
  • This flange is, in this case, removably mounted on a cylindrical support 29 welded to the right end of the enclosure 1, the fixing of the removable flange 3 to the support 29 being carried out by means of screws 31.
  • the housing 3a In the internal face of the removable closing flange 3 are housed, on the one hand, the housing 3a, of relatively large diameter , receiving the right end of the heating tube 11, and on the other hand another housing 3b, of smaller diameter than the previous one but deeper, receiving the right end of the inner tube 28 of dense alumina.
  • a platinum cup 32 is interposed between the extreme right part of the heating tube 11 and its housing 3a in the closing flange 3.
  • the internal tube 14 of dense alumina has a length greater than that of the external tube 15 of porous alumina.
  • the tube 15 made of porous alumina extends to the left front face 29a of the support 29 while the tube 14 of dense alumina penetrates inside this support 29 and passes completely through it to come into contact at its straight end with the internal face of the removable closing flange 3.
  • An asbestos washer is interposed between the extreme right part of the dense alumina tube 14 and the cylindrical internal wall of the support 29, this washer being axially tightened by an internal coaxial flange 30 of the right closing flange 3.
  • the inner tube 28 of dense alumina stops, inside the heating tube 11, at a certain distance from the left end of the latter. Furthermore, the electrical contact 6 is supported on a conductive end piece 33 containing a platinum cup 34 which covers the left end of the heating tube 11 which is platinized. The conductive end piece 33 is extended to the right by an axial finger 35 extending partly inside the inner tube 28 of dense alumina.
  • the inner tube 28 of dense alumina has at least one longitudinal slot 36 allowing the passage of the gas inside the tube 28.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the apparatus similar to that of FIG. 2 but in which the oxygen cutting nozzle 21 and the electrical contact 10 are not cooled by a circulation of water.
  • the contact 6 extends inside a finned radiator 37 mounted on the left closing flange 2 and which thus ensures the natural cooling of the contact 6.
  • the device does not include more coil which is replaced by a cylindrical chamber 17a surrounding the heat exchanger 14, 15.
  • the heating tube 11 is immobilized, in its extreme right part, that is to say that which is close to the outlet nozzle 21, by means of a clamp 38 in stainless steel with interposition of an asbestos ring 39 between the extreme right part of the heating tube 11 and the right closing flange 3.
  • the gas is introduced into a thread 17b at its end located on the right side, that is to say on the side of the outlet nozzle 21, this thread 17b being machined in the external surface of the tubular enclosure 1.
  • the gas penetrates inside the enclosure 1 by holes 18 located in the left part of the enclosure 1.
  • the gas penetrating inside the enclosure 1 flows from the left to the right through the external porous alumina tube 15 then from the right to left between the inner tube 14 of dense alumina and the heating tube 11, it penetrates inside this heated tube ant by passing through the slots 19 provided in the extreme left part of the heating tube 11 and it flows axially to the right, in the direction of the outlet nozzle21.
  • On this nozzle is fixed a tube 41 of alumina, of short length and which extends inside the extreme right part of the heating tube 11.
  • the dense alumina tube 14 is immobilized by a cable gland 42 near the electrical contact 6. Furthermore, the cooling of the left part of the device is obtained by means of 'A circulation of water in an external cylindrical chamber 25a.
  • the extreme left part of the heating tube 11 is directly connected to an electrical supply terminal 43, carried by the closing flange. left 2, via a braid 44.
  • a thermocouple 45 used for regulation, can also be introduced axially inside the heating tube 11, through the left closing flange 2. It is possible to also introduce longitudinally, into the heating tube 11, another tube for heating or preheating any fluid, through this tube of refractory material.
  • FIG. 6 represents a preferred embodiment of the invention in which the enclosure (right part of the figure) has a structure similar to that of the preceding figures, the introduction of hot gas being however made by the end opening of the heating tube, while the electrical supply means of the heating tube (left part of the figure), have a structure adapted to the internal expansion movements of the heating tube.
  • the device according to this variant comprises an outer protective casing 101 surrounding the enclosure formed by the tubes 102 and 104 arranged coaxially, for example made of refractory steel, between which a gas circulation space 103 is provided.
  • This space 103 has the shape of a helix, machined in the external surface of 104, the gas being introduced through the orifice 123 at the end (left in the figure) of the enclosure, and leaving through the orifice 120 (right end in the figure) to follow the channel 105 located between the inner wall of the tube 104 and a first alumina tube 106, inert, not heating, the gas thus returning to the level of the left end. It then follows the channel 107 located between the first tube 106 and a second tube 108 of the same kind as 107.
  • the gas thus returns to the level of the right end of the enclosure or a passage 121 is provided for returning the gas in contact with the outer face of the heating tube 111 in the channel 109, located between the last and the second alumina tube 108. the gas then enters the interior of the heating tube 111 via openings 110 located in the centralizer 124 which also brought the electrical voltage to the heating tube 111 by the electrical contact 126.
  • the flow of current takes place at the level of the annular rim 112.
  • the gas passes through the entire heating tube and is evacuated (at the right end of the figure), through the opening 114 placed in the axis of the heating tube 111 , in the flange 115.
  • a nozzle 116 whose channel 117 is placed in the extension of the channel 114, said nozzle also comprising a fuel supply channel 118.
  • This nozzle makes it possible to use hot gas, for example oxygen in an oxy-fuel torch or an oxy-fuel burner.
  • the flange 115 is electrically connected to the heating tube by a washer 113, for example made of platinum, crimped at the end of the heating tube 111, for example made of lanthanum chromite.
  • the electrical circuit is closed up to the electrical connection 135, by means of the steel tubes 102 and 104, held coaxially by the other flange 127 on which the conductive parts 128 and 136 are fixed, enveloping the electrical connections.
  • the electrical contact 126 the end of which forms a centering device 124 of the heating tube 111 is electrically isolated from the contact envelope part 128 by a sliding part 125, integral with the contact 126, capable of sliding inside the part 128 against which it possibly comes into abutment at 138 under the thrust of the spring 131, thus making it possible to maintain the heating tube 111 in position, an expansion of the latter compressing said spring.
  • the end (left in the figure) of the contact 126 is connected to a flexible wire 130, for example of platinum of sufficient length to absorb the dilations of the device, the other end of which is integral with the contact 133 fixed in the parts insulators 132 and 139 from which opens the second electrical contact 134 for connecting the heating tube to electrical supply means not shown in the figure.
  • the part 132 comprises an annular housing in which the said spring 13 is supported.
  • the part 136 which surrounds the insulating parts 125, 132, 139 comprises a space 137 for the circulation of cooling water at the level of the electrical contacts, in order to preserve the characteristics of the spring and the enclosure seals. It should be noted that in operation the spring 131 makes it possible to maintain the electrical contact between the heating tube 111, and the contact 126, both in contraction and in expansion.
  • a heating tube made of lanthanum chromite, zirconia, molybdenum bisilicide or silicon carbide is used.
  • carbon, graphite, mobybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, silicon carbide can also be used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
EP86400868A 1985-04-25 1986-04-22 Apparat zur Erzeugung eines Hochtemperaturgasstrahls Expired EP0200637B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86400868T ATE40741T1 (de) 1985-04-25 1986-04-22 Apparat zur erzeugung eines hochtemperaturgasstrahls.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8506306A FR2581168B1 (fr) 1985-04-25 1985-04-25 Appareil pour la production d'un jet de gaz a haute temperature
FR8506306 1985-04-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0200637A1 true EP0200637A1 (de) 1986-11-05
EP0200637B1 EP0200637B1 (de) 1989-02-08

Family

ID=9318673

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86400868A Expired EP0200637B1 (de) 1985-04-25 1986-04-22 Apparat zur Erzeugung eines Hochtemperaturgasstrahls

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4725715A (de)
EP (1) EP0200637B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS61276615A (de)
AT (1) ATE40741T1 (de)
CA (1) CA1253851A (de)
DE (1) DE3662074D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2581168B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (12)

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DE3703468A1 (de) * 1987-02-05 1987-10-08 Joerg Thon Presslufterhitzer
US5054106A (en) * 1988-10-05 1991-10-01 Fortune William S Hot gas soldering system
US5117482A (en) * 1990-01-16 1992-05-26 Automated Dynamics Corporation Porous ceramic body electrical resistance fluid heater
IL156159A0 (en) * 2000-11-28 2003-12-23 3Sae Technologies Inc High efficiency heater and stripper
US6607608B1 (en) * 2000-11-28 2003-08-19 3Sae Technologies, Inc. Translatable fiber stripper
US6799383B2 (en) * 2001-07-20 2004-10-05 3Sae Technologies, Inc. Multi-step fiber stripping
CN100430664C (zh) * 2003-04-21 2008-11-05 邹美琴 一种流体加热器
US7485192B2 (en) * 2004-07-27 2009-02-03 Edw. C. Levy Co. Steel coil cutting apparatus and method
WO2008073110A1 (en) * 2006-12-15 2008-06-19 Doben Limited Gas dynamic cold spray unit
US9338828B2 (en) * 2012-10-02 2016-05-10 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Foam heat exchanger for hot melt adhesive or other thermoplastic material dispensing apparatus
US20160047052A1 (en) * 2014-08-16 2016-02-18 Viacheslav E. Baranovski Gas dynamic cold spray method and apparatus
CN105509916B (zh) * 2015-11-26 2019-02-12 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 大长径比l型双屏蔽式参考气流高温传感器

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE726668C (de) * 1940-06-02 1942-10-17 Messer & Co G M B H Schneidbrenner
FR1100640A (fr) * 1953-05-20 1955-09-22 Air Liquide Procédé et appareil pour couper les métaux et le verre au moyen d'une flamme

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CA653325A (en) * 1962-12-04 Wagner Johannes Electric hair dryer
US1388526A (en) * 1917-08-13 1921-08-23 Oscar H Pieper Hot-air syringe
US1694351A (en) * 1928-02-28 1928-12-04 William P Blake Air heater
US1987936A (en) * 1933-06-26 1935-01-15 William R Hildebrand Heating device
US2042264A (en) * 1935-02-12 1936-05-26 Alexander F Levenhagen Hot air gun
US2819378A (en) * 1956-03-26 1958-01-07 United Shoe Machinery Corp Heat blowers
US3007032A (en) * 1959-05-06 1961-10-31 Whiteman Mfg Company Universal arc welding torch
US3109912A (en) * 1961-12-21 1963-11-05 Ralph G Cerulli Electric heater for heating compressed air
US3371188A (en) * 1965-08-25 1968-02-27 Henes Mfg Company Inc Electrically heated torch for elevating the temperature and directing the flow of a gas
JPS518647A (ja) * 1974-07-08 1976-01-23 Ii Jonzu Junia Jooji Ryutaikanetsusochi
JPS528533A (en) * 1975-07-04 1977-01-22 Penzensukii Konpuretsusorunui Gas burner
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Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE726668C (de) * 1940-06-02 1942-10-17 Messer & Co G M B H Schneidbrenner
FR1100640A (fr) * 1953-05-20 1955-09-22 Air Liquide Procédé et appareil pour couper les métaux et le verre au moyen d'une flamme

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2581168A1 (fr) 1986-10-31
US4725715A (en) 1988-02-16
CA1253851A (fr) 1989-05-09
FR2581168B1 (fr) 1987-06-05
EP0200637B1 (de) 1989-02-08
ATE40741T1 (de) 1989-02-15
JPS61276615A (ja) 1986-12-06
DE3662074D1 (en) 1989-03-16

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