EP0200984A1 - Accessoire d'enfournement - Google Patents

Accessoire d'enfournement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0200984A1
EP0200984A1 EP86105529A EP86105529A EP0200984A1 EP 0200984 A1 EP0200984 A1 EP 0200984A1 EP 86105529 A EP86105529 A EP 86105529A EP 86105529 A EP86105529 A EP 86105529A EP 0200984 A1 EP0200984 A1 EP 0200984A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
kiln furniture
fiber mat
base body
firing
ceramic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86105529A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0200984B1 (fr
Inventor
Alfred Dipl.-Ing. Fh Graf Von Matuschka
Klaus Dr. Dipl.-Chem. Liethschmidt
Hubertus Dipl.-Ing. Webert
Emil Karl Dr. Dr.-Ing. Köhler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Elektroschmelzwerk Kempten GmbH
Original Assignee
Elektroschmelzwerk Kempten GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Elektroschmelzwerk Kempten GmbH filed Critical Elektroschmelzwerk Kempten GmbH
Priority to AT86105529T priority Critical patent/ATE49291T1/de
Publication of EP0200984A1 publication Critical patent/EP0200984A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0200984B1 publication Critical patent/EP0200984B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
    • F27D1/0006—Linings or walls formed from bricks or layers with a particular composition or specific characteristics
    • F27D1/0009—Comprising ceramic fibre elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
    • B28B11/248—Supports for drying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D5/00—Supports, screens or the like for the charge within the furnace

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a firing aid for ceramic products to be fired in particular in the rapid firing furnace, which consists of a ceramic base material, with a mounting surface which is in contact with the conveyor of the furnace, in particular a tunnel car, and with a footprint for the firing material.
  • the kiln furniture can be used with advantage in high-speed furnaces, where it is known that very different conveyors, e.g. roller conveyors are also provided.
  • the invention has for its object to show a kiln furniture, which has the high thermal shock resistance required in particular for high-speed furnaces, so that this opens up the possibility of many ke Ramatic products, which were previously burned in the tunnel kiln in particular, are now much cheaper and faster to burn in the rapid kiln.
  • the kiln furniture is constructed in several parts.
  • the invention turns away from the prior art, according to which kiln furniture consisted of a fired ceramic material, that is to say in the form of solid bodies, the dimensions of which - often with a complicated shape - were closely adapted to the dimensions of the respective firing material .
  • capsules for burning plates were dimensioned larger than the plate to be burned, and the stresses in the capsule that occur when the temperature changes lead to the known disadvantages with the useful life of this kiln furniture of only a few oven cycles.
  • the present invention goes a completely new way in that the kiln furniture is made in several parts and the individual parts consist of completely different materials.
  • the kiln furniture according to the invention is therefore generally made of an inorganic fiber material forming the contact surface in the form of a binder-free needled fiber mat (blanket) or in the form of a needled fiber mat impregnated with an inorganic binder and of a ceramic material forming the footprint in the form of segment-like base bodies and / or assembled in the form of a fire-resistant coating.
  • the fiber mat has a relatively large shape, which is not disadvantageous because of the high thermal shock resistance of the fiber material.
  • the firing aid consists of a fiber mat forming the contact surface and of a plurality of rod-like or segment-like basic bodies made of ceramic material, which are held in a stable position relative to one another in grooves, slots or other depressions of the fiber mat and form the overall installation surface for the fired goods.
  • the fiber mat has multiple functions. It isolates the conveyor from the combustion chamber and enables the stable positioning of the individual base bodies from the fired kerami material to each other, so that the base body as a whole form the footprint for the kiln.
  • the base bodies made of the fired ceramic material have in particular a relatively small dimension and a simple shape, so that they themselves are also able to withstand the thermal shock conditions.
  • the base body can thus also have thin wall thicknesses.
  • the shape of the base bodies no longer aligns with the dimensions and shape of the firing material.
  • the only condition to be complied with is that the base body as a whole must form a sufficiently stable footprint for the firing material.
  • the fiber mat can easily be produced with such stability that the base body hardly sinks into the fiber material even when loaded with the firing material, and thus the installation surface for the firing material remains largely stable.
  • the fiber mat which is usually to be understood as meaning a binder-free needled fiber mat (blanket), can be impregnated with an inorganic binder, such as monoaluminum phosphate.
  • the rapid firing furnace mostly only one layer is fired, so that the weight acting on the fiber mat from the base bodies and the firing material is limited.
  • This - peculiarity of single-layer firing in rapid firing ovens therefore complements advantageously with the new kiln furniture and enables the use of the fiber mat as a component of the kiln furniture.
  • the new kiln furniture in conjunction with rapid firing furnaces has the further advantage that the putting on and taking off of the kiln goods can be automated in a simple manner.
  • firing material In the case of changing firing material, there is the possibility not only of automatically putting the firing material itself on and off, but also of automatically placing the base body on the fiber mat in the correct place and of putting the firing material on, for example, in a second loading station. It is also possible to thaw the entire kiln furniture, including the fiber mat, when the firing material changes or store with the basic bodies left until the same or similar items are fired again. If the fiber mats are not rigid, but flexible, such firing aids, including the left basic body, can also be rolled up, for example for storage.
  • the size of the fiber mat can be adapted to the size of the individual ceramic product to be burned or also to the size of the conveyor in the furnace, so that a mat that is continuous over the entire plateau of a kiln car can also be used.
  • damaged base bodies which only form part of the kiln furniture, can be replaced very easily and inexpensively.
  • the fiber mat and the other base bodies can generally be reused.
  • the basic bodies expediently have a cross section which is not susceptible to thermal shock, in particular a rectangular, T-shaped, U-shaped or I-shaped cross section, and have a limited length.
  • the base bodies generally have small wall thicknesses so that they can be heated up and cooled down quickly without the base bodies having destructive thermal stresses in them. If the footprint of a base body is too small for the intended application, several such base bodies, e.g. in the form of thin plates, placed side by side in a recess in the fiber mat.
  • the base body can have a wall thickness of 0.5 to several millimeters and only a few centimeters. own carrier webs of meter long or as up to e.g. 3 cm wide, thin carrier plates, which also have to be only a few centimeters long, are formed. It is of course expedient to give the base bodies such a cross section that they can be mass-produced inexpensively by the extrusion process.
  • the base body With their footprint, the base body can be inserted into the fiber mat in such a way that it protrudes beyond the surface of the fiber mat. In this way it is prevented that a Part of the firing material comes into direct contact with the fiber mat, which could lead to the material of the fiber mat sticking to the firing material.
  • the installation surface formed by the base body can also lie in the surface of the fiber mat or even outside of it.
  • the fiber mat can have a field or a matrix of optional grooves, slits or other recesses for inserting the base body, so that the automated assembly options for the firing aids themselves and the automated placement of the firing material as well as the removal of the conveyor in question at the end are particularly useful of the rapid firing furnace. This makes it possible to carry out the composition of the kiln furniture and the stocking in a program-controlled manner.
  • the base bodies in the grooves, slots or other depressions are not sufficiently stable or are sufficiently stable in all directions due to the inherent elasticity of the fiber mat and / or the limitation of the grooves, it is possible within the grooves, slots or other depressions - shoulders or Provide openings and equip the base body with appropriate approaches, knobs or the like. - So that by fitting or inserting a base body. on the fiber mat is stable in all directions and thus held in position. Instead of the shoulders, openings, knobs and the like, it is also possible to fix the base body to the fiber mat by gluing in order to achieve the positionally stable positioning.
  • the kiln furniture constructed in several parts according to the invention advantageously consists of a fiber material based on aluminum oxide and of segment-like ceramic base bodies based on silicon carbide, aluminum silicate or aluminum oxide.
  • Firing aid constructed in part can also consist of a fiber mat that has been provided with a refractory coating instead of or in addition to the segment-like, ceramic base bodies.
  • a fiber material based on aluminum oxide can also be used here, advantageously in the form of a needled fiber mat which has been impregnated with an inorganic binder, such as monoaluminum phosphate, and then dried.
  • the refractory coatings used are preferably those based on silicon carbide or aluminum oxide. These coatings are applied in the usual known manner by dipping, spraying, rolling or brushing, for example in the form of a mixture liquefied with water
  • these coatings are dried and then fired fireproof.
  • the kiln furniture shown in Figure 1 is formed in several parts and consists of a sheet-like fiber mat 1 made of ceramic fiber material, which can have either a board-like stiff structure or a flexible, flexible structure, so that the fiber mat 1 is elastically deformable to a limited extent.
  • the size of the fiber mat 1 can be adapted to the ceramic product to be fired or the size of the conveyor in the rapid firing furnace.
  • the fiber mat 1 is of axially symmetrical design and has a number of depressions 2 in the form of slots or slots, which are arranged and distributed in a straight line, for example in the form of an annular or elongated manner.
  • the wells 2 can extend to a certain depth into the material of the fiber mat 1.
  • Such a depression can also be provided continuously over the entire thickness of the fiber material (FIG. 4).
  • Base bodies 3 made of fired ceramic material are inserted into the depressions 2, which are rod-like or segment-like, have a relatively simple cross-section (FIGS. 2 to 8), have a small wall thickness and are also relatively short in the direction of the depressions 2.
  • the base body 3 are preferably inserted into the recesses 2 in such a way that they protrude from the surface 4 of the fiber mat 1 and in total form the footprint 5 for the firing material.
  • all of the depressions 2 do not necessarily have to be occupied by base bodies 3. It is sufficient to choose the trimmings in a way that makes sense and is necessary for putting on the firing material in question.
  • the underside of the fiber mat 1 forms the attachment surface 6, on which the kiln furniture 1, 3 is placed on the conveyor of the rapid firing furnace, for example a trolley or a plate.
  • the fiber mat 1 represents a certain insulation protection for the conveyor of the furnace and forms the basis on which individual base bodies 3 are built and held in a stable position relative to one another, as is necessary for the placement of the firing material.
  • FIG. 2 shows a simple, rectangular cross section of a base body which is used upright in the recess 2.
  • Figure 3 shows a U-shaped cross section of a base body 3.
  • the depressions 2 are formed deeper here, so that the base body 3 rests on the surface 4 between the two slot-like depressions 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows an indentation 2 which is continuous over the thickness of the fiber mat and a base body 3 with a T-shaped cross section, that is to say a profile which he simply extrudes can be fathered.
  • the base body 3 likewise with a T-shaped cross section, is inserted into the depression 2 such that the installation surface 5 is flush with the surface 4 of the fiber mat 1.
  • the footprint 5 is arranged lower than the surface 4 of the fiber mat. It goes without saying that the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 5 and 6 are matched to the firing material to be accommodated in such a way that the firing material does not come into contact with the surface 4 of the fiber mat 1.
  • Figure 7 shows a similar embodiment as Figure 2, but here the base body 3 consists of three individual, flat plates of very small wall thickness, which are set side by side in a bundle in a recess 2.
  • the kiln furniture according to the embodiment according to FIG. 8 has a fiber mat 1 with a T-groove-shaped undercut recess 2, into which a base body 3 with an I-shaped cross section is inserted.
  • a fiber mat 1 with a T-groove-shaped undercut recess 2 into which a base body 3 with an I-shaped cross section is inserted.
  • Such an embodiment is particularly useful if a flexible fiber mat 1 is used and the entire kiln furniture is stored, for example by rolling it together, until the corresponding firing material is to be fired again.
  • the length of the depressions 2 does not necessarily have to match the length of the base body 3.
  • the depressions 2 can rather be longer and can also be provided continuously over the entire width and / or length of the fiber mat 1, so that there is the possibility of using the much shorter base body 3 at any point of the depression 2, namely there where it is needed for the storage of the firing material.
  • the recess 2 can be provided with a shoulder 7 and the base body 3 with one or more knobs 8, so that the base body 3 in the recess 2 is also not in the direction of this recess can slip.
  • FIG. 10 shows the base body according to FIG. 9 again in a perspective representation.
  • FIG. 12 shows a plan view of a fiber mat 1 in which the entire field of its surface is penetrated by recesses 2 arranged in rows, paragraphs 7 being arranged in a circle in the recesses 2, also in a regular arrangement.
  • base body 3 can be used, as shown in FIG. 13.
  • This opens up the possibility of automatically populating the individual rows of the depressions 2 with base bodies 3 and e.g. then set up the respective firing material in a subsequent station. This is particularly possible with rapid firing stoves that are only occupied in one position. Clearing at the end of the furnace can also be automated.
  • FIG. 11 shows a cross section through an embodiment of this type, in which a plate is placed as the firing material 9.
  • FIG. 14 shows a section from another exemplary embodiment of the kiln aid from the fiber mat 1 and base bodies 3.
  • intersecting groove sections are provided as depressions 2, into which three base bodies 3 are inserted, so that advantageously a small, light object, for example an egg cup or a cup can be put on as firing stock.
  • the individual base body 3 can additionally in the recesses 2 by a Adhesive 10 be fixed in position.
  • FIG. 15 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of the kiln furniture, in which the fiber mat 1 is provided with a refractory coating 11, the surface of which forms the footprint 5 for the kiln 9.
  • the coating 11 is interrupted by cuts 12.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
EP86105529A 1985-05-08 1986-04-22 Accessoire d'enfournement Expired - Lifetime EP0200984B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86105529T ATE49291T1 (de) 1985-05-08 1986-04-22 Brennhilfsmittel.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3516490 1985-05-08
DE19853516490 DE3516490A1 (de) 1985-05-08 1985-05-08 Brennhilfsmittel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0200984A1 true EP0200984A1 (fr) 1986-11-12
EP0200984B1 EP0200984B1 (fr) 1990-01-03

Family

ID=6270110

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86105529A Expired - Lifetime EP0200984B1 (fr) 1985-05-08 1986-04-22 Accessoire d'enfournement

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4715812A (fr)
EP (1) EP0200984B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS6229887A (fr)
AT (1) ATE49291T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1282942C (fr)
DE (2) DE3516490A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2635375A1 (fr) * 1988-07-21 1990-02-16 Tokyo Kokyu Rozai Co Ltd Support d'enfournement et son procede de fabrication, pour la cuisson de ceramiques
EP0535871A1 (fr) * 1991-09-30 1993-04-07 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Procédé de fabrication d'éléments en céramique à structure en nid d'abeilles

Families Citing this family (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0521876Y2 (fr) * 1987-05-30 1993-06-04
JPH076057B2 (ja) * 1988-06-07 1995-01-25 株式会社村田製作所 マスキング用ホルダー
DE3923564C1 (fr) * 1989-07-17 1991-01-17 Riedhammer Gmbh Und Co Kg, 8500 Nuernberg, De
JPH0647499B2 (ja) * 1990-03-28 1994-06-22 日本碍子株式会社 セラミックス製品の焼成方法
US5350551A (en) * 1990-10-15 1994-09-27 Sanken Electric Co., Ltd. Method of firing ceramic moldings containing a diffusible metallic oxide
US5447431A (en) * 1993-10-29 1995-09-05 Brooks Automation, Inc. Low-gas temperature stabilization system
US5406058A (en) * 1993-11-30 1995-04-11 Corning Incorporated Apparatus for drying ceramic structures using dielectric energy
US5588827A (en) * 1993-12-17 1996-12-31 Brooks Automation Inc. Passive gas substrate thermal conditioning apparatus and method
DE4405269C1 (de) * 1994-02-18 1995-08-17 Riedhammer Gmbh Co Kg Aufbau für einen Brenntisch
DE4436140C1 (de) * 1994-10-10 1995-11-16 Riedhammer Gmbh Co Kg Tragschiene und Aufbau für einen Brenntisch unter Verwendung der Tragschiene
US6193506B1 (en) 1995-05-24 2001-02-27 Brooks Automation, Inc. Apparatus and method for batch thermal conditioning of substrates
DE19602880C2 (de) 1996-01-29 1998-07-23 Riedhammer Gmbh Co Kg Anlage zum Be- und Entladen von Brenntischaufbauten mit keramischer Ware
DE19639531C1 (de) * 1996-09-26 1998-02-05 Riedhammer Gmbh Co Kg Be- und Entladevorrichtung für ein Brennregal
IT1304945B1 (it) * 1998-12-30 2001-04-05 Elio Gerardi Supporto modulare per il sostegno di laterizi, particolarmente tegole e simili.
DE19957352C1 (de) * 1999-11-29 2001-04-05 Thomas Robert Metall Elektro Trockenrähmchen für keramische Formlinge
FR2819047B1 (fr) * 2000-12-28 2003-06-27 Snecma Moteurs Support approprie pour le traitement thermique d'une piece metallique et procede de traitement thermique
JP2004263888A (ja) * 2003-02-17 2004-09-24 Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd 焼成用セッター
DE202007008520U1 (de) * 2007-02-21 2008-07-03 Dekema Dental-Keramiköfen GmbH Brenngutträger
DE102011120547B4 (de) 2011-12-02 2018-10-18 Technische Universität Dresden Brennhilfsmittel, als Träger für Bauteile bei einer Wärmebehandlung
CN105904586A (zh) * 2016-06-17 2016-08-31 蒋春生 用于加气砖蒸养的釜底板

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB770334A (en) * 1954-09-30 1957-03-20 Ralph Parish Drying-plates for use during earthenware, pottery and similar manufacture
DE2121741A1 (en) * 1971-05-03 1972-11-09 Ceramano-Keramik, W.J. Schwaderlapp Kg, 5412 Ransbach-Baumbach Wheeled batt - for rapid firing ceramic kilns esp tunnel kilns
FR2447002A1 (fr) * 1979-01-17 1980-08-14 Coudamy Sa Thermique Indle Wagon pour four de cuisson
GB2064737A (en) * 1979-12-11 1981-06-17 Advanced Materials Eng Dental furnace furniture
FR2564456A1 (fr) * 1984-05-18 1985-11-22 Prod Cellulosiques Isolants Materiau composite ceramique ayant une ame en fibres ceramique et procede de fabrication

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US1877424A (en) * 1929-06-04 1932-09-13 New Castle Refractories Compan Crank
GB1488704A (en) * 1974-06-25 1977-10-26 Staffordshire Potteries Ltd Kiln cars
US3958924A (en) * 1974-12-02 1976-05-25 Advanced Materials Engineering Limited Furnace fittings
US4263035A (en) * 1977-11-22 1981-04-21 United Glass Limited Handling of hot articles
US4184840A (en) * 1978-04-28 1980-01-22 Aida Gamberg Rotatable supporting structure
US4504224A (en) * 1980-05-22 1985-03-12 Hewitt David K Kiln furniture
US4405300A (en) * 1981-02-27 1983-09-20 Tri-Dynamics Dental Co., Inc. Furnace tray with carbon plate
US4362507A (en) * 1981-04-17 1982-12-07 Buffalo China, Inc. Support for ceramic ware article during firing
US4462798A (en) * 1983-04-11 1984-07-31 Norton Company Kiln car furniture module(s)

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB770334A (en) * 1954-09-30 1957-03-20 Ralph Parish Drying-plates for use during earthenware, pottery and similar manufacture
DE2121741A1 (en) * 1971-05-03 1972-11-09 Ceramano-Keramik, W.J. Schwaderlapp Kg, 5412 Ransbach-Baumbach Wheeled batt - for rapid firing ceramic kilns esp tunnel kilns
FR2447002A1 (fr) * 1979-01-17 1980-08-14 Coudamy Sa Thermique Indle Wagon pour four de cuisson
GB2064737A (en) * 1979-12-11 1981-06-17 Advanced Materials Eng Dental furnace furniture
FR2564456A1 (fr) * 1984-05-18 1985-11-22 Prod Cellulosiques Isolants Materiau composite ceramique ayant une ame en fibres ceramique et procede de fabrication

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2635375A1 (fr) * 1988-07-21 1990-02-16 Tokyo Kokyu Rozai Co Ltd Support d'enfournement et son procede de fabrication, pour la cuisson de ceramiques
EP0535871A1 (fr) * 1991-09-30 1993-04-07 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Procédé de fabrication d'éléments en céramique à structure en nid d'abeilles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE49291T1 (de) 1990-01-15
CA1282942C (fr) 1991-04-16
JPS6229887A (ja) 1987-02-07
EP0200984B1 (fr) 1990-01-03
DE3516490A1 (de) 1986-11-13
DE3668055D1 (de) 1990-02-08
US4715812A (en) 1987-12-29
JPH0428991B2 (fr) 1992-05-15

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