Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
  • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
  • B21K1/76—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
  • B21K1/762—Coupling members for conveying mechanical motion, e.g. universal joints
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
  • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
  • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
  • B21J5/12—Forming profiles on internal or external surfaces
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
  • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
  • B21K1/76—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
  • B21K1/762—Coupling members for conveying mechanical motion, e.g. universal joints
  • B21K1/765—Outer elements of coupling members

Definitions

• This invention relates to the manufacture of hollo articles.
• the invention has been developed for the manufac ture of the outer member of a constant velocity univers joint of the cross-groove type.
• the outer member havin an internal cylindrical surface and the inner member a external cyli drical surface which surfaces are grooved an there are two sets of, preferably, helical grooves in eac member, the grooves of the two sets being on helices o opposite hand.
• the groove may be straight and inclined to the rotational axis of th joint member, instead of being truly helical.
• Balls ar engaged in the grooves and are held in a cage and because o the crossed configuration of the grooves the balls are hel in the bisector plane of the joint as the parts of the join articulate, to give the joint constant velocity rati (homo inetic) properties.
• the invention has been developed for makin outer members for such cross-groove constant velocity joint it is applicable generally to the manufacture of hollo articles of the type, hereinafter referred to as being o the type specified, having at least two grooves in th internal surface thereof, the grooves having longitudina axes of symmetry (as hereinafter defined) which differ (a hereinafter defined).
• the article may have at least tw sets of grooves with the grooves in each set being space round the longitudinal axis of the bore and havin longitudinal axes of symmetry which are the same (a hereinafter defined), the longitudinal axes of symmetry o the grooves in one set being different from the longitudina axes of symmetry of the grooves in the other set.
• longitudinal axis of symmetry of a groove we mean the imaginary line which is equally spaced from the edges of the groove and which lies in an imaginary surface forming a continuation of the bore surface and containing said edges.
• the longitudinal axes of symmetry are the same we mean that the loci of points moving in synchronism from the one ends of said axes to the other bear a fixed relation to one another.
• the longitudinal axes of symmetry differ we mean that the loci of such moving points do not lie in a fixed relation to one another.
• the axes could be on helices of different hand, or of the same hand and different pitch or on helices of different pitch and hand- Some of the axes could be straight and others could be helical.
• the present invention provides a tool for use in the manufacture of a hollow article of the type specified, comprising a plurality of elements having portions together adapted to define a substantially complete external surface having a configuration corresponding to that required in the internal surface and having formations corresponding to that required in the internal surface and having formations corresponding to and adapted to form said grooves, said elements including first elements and second elements interposed between them, and the arrangement being such that said portions of said first elements can be withdrawn frciu the article to leave a space or space to permit said second elements subsequently to be moved inwardly to disengage them from said internal surface and withdrawn from the article.
• a substantially complete surface we mean one in which there are no gaps or discontinuities sufficient for the material of the article to enter during the forming process, and which material would have to be removed - subsequently, e.g. by machining.
• the requirement for finish machining of the article can be reduced or eliminated.
• the elements of the tool together define an internal cavity into which an expander member is movable to hold the elements in their positions in which they define the external surface, and from which the expander member can be withdrawn to permit the first elements of the. tool to be moved inwardly into the cavity prior to their withdrawal, the side faces of at least said portions of the first elements, which contact at least said portions of the second elements being parallel to. one another or convergent towards the outside of the tool.
• each of said portions of said first elements has a formation adapted to form one of said grooves of one set thereof, and each portion of a second element has a formation adapated to form one of said grooves of another set thereof which differs from said one set.
• the second elements may be supported by the side faces of the first elements, rather than directly by the expander member.
• the invention also provides a press fitted with a tool into the invention, and further comprising a die through which a hollow blank having the tool inside it can be pressed to form the article.
• a particularly useful form of blank is also described hereafter.
• Figure 1 is an end view of an outer member of a cross groove constant velocity ratio universal joint, constituting an article of the type specified.
• Figure 2 is a section through the joint outer member of Figure 1.
• Figure 3 is an end view of a blank to be used according to the invention in making the joint outer member.
• Figure 4 is a section through the blank of Figure 3-
• Figure 5 is a section through part of the press according to the invention, in a first stage of operation.
• Figure 6 shows the press of Figure 5 , in a second stage of operation.
• Figure 7 shows the press of Figures 5 and 6, in a third stage of operation.
• FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of part of a tool according to the invention, in section on the line 8-8 of Figure 9-
• Figure 9 is an end view of the tool.
• Figures 1 and 2 show the outer member of a cross groove constant velocity ratio universal joint, which is a hollow article with a cylind ⁇ rical internal bore having a number of grooves therein.
• the central axis of the cylindrical bore which is the rota ⁇ tional axis of the joint member in use, is indicated at 100.
• the joint member contains two sets of three grooves each, the grooves being of arcuate cross sectional shape and having helical longitudinal axes of symmetry.
• One set of grooves is indicated at 57, 58, 59 and these grooves are inclined in an anticlockwise helical sense when considered from above the joint member.
• the other set of grooves 60, 61, 62 are inclined in a clockwise helical sense when considered from above the joint member.
• the longitudinal axis of symmetry of each of the grooves is indicated by the number of the groove with the suffix letter a, such axis of symmetry lying equidistant from the edges of the groove and on the imaginary cylinder indicated by line 101, the cylinder containing the bore of the joint member.
• the grooves are machined in a blank which has been forged or extruded. Because the grooves are inclined in opposite hands, if they were formed by a one piece tool during extrusion of the article the tool would not be able to be removed from the finished article.
• the present invention provides a tool which is capable of 5 being removed from such a joint outer member.
• the internal wall 70 is of generally frusto conical form, with two sets of oppositely inclined recesses therein.
• One set of recesses is indicated at 71, 72, 73, inclined in one direction, and the other set at 74, 75, 76 inclined in the opposite direction.
• a sleeve 24 is slidable longitudinally of mandrel 22, between limits determined by a peg 25 extending inwardly from sleeve 24 into a longitudinally
• a collar 28 Towards the lower end of sleeve 24, there is a ';ircumfe entially extending flange 27, and slidable on sleeve 24 below the flange 27 is a collar 28.
• the collar 28 is spring biased upwardly by a plurality of tension springs 2 C spaced around the collar, only one of ' 35 which springs is shown in the drawing.
• the springs 29 engage pins 30 extending into the mandrel 22.
• the sleeve 24 is provided with thr equally circumferentially spaced radial apertures 31- Ea aperture 31 receives a ball end of a peg 32 extendi outwardly from the upper end of an element 33 having a he 34 at its lower end.
• Circumferentially spaced about slee 24, between the apertures 31, are three slots 35 whi extend downwardly from flange 27.
• Each slot 35 receives peg 36 extending outwardly from the upper end of an eleme 37 having a head 38 at its lower end.
• the pegs 36 are lo enough to be engaged by collar 28.
• the head portions 34, elements 33, together define parts of an internal cavity which is frusto conical and in which an end portion of t expander member 23 is a close fit.
• head portions 34, 38 of elements 33 37 are shown in greater detail in Figures 8 and 9 of t drawings.
• Head portions 34 have formations 3 ⁇ a thereo which form the grooves of one hand, and head portions 3 have formations 38a. which form the grooves of opposite han in the joint member.
• head portions 3 have sides which are parallel or converge slightly toward the outside of the tool, while head portions 38 interpose there between are wedge shaped and are supported by th sides of head portions 34 rather than directly by contac with the end portion of the expander member.
• the assembly of elements 33 37, with the expander member 23 therein, is introduced int a blank as shown in Figures 3 and 4.
• the press is then use to force the blank with the tool within it into a die 41 This has the effect of deforming inwardly the wall of th blank adjacent its free end, to conform to the surface shap of the assembled tool elements.
• the tool must then : -be withdrawn from the formed join outer member, and the-- first stage in such withdrawal i shown in Figure 6.
• the open end of the joint outer member is engaged by suitable gripper means, not shown, to prevent its upward movement.
• mandrel 22 is raised by operation of the press. Since the elements 33, 37 cannot be withdrawn together from the joint outer member because of the grooves therein the sleeve 24 remains in a fixed position as the mandrel is raised, until peg 25 abuts the lower end of slot 26.
• springs 29 have been tensioned, while the expander member, fast with mandrel 22, has been withd-awn clear of the internal cavity of the head portions of elements 33, 37.
• the elements 33 are now free to tilt inwardly. This tilting is possible by virtue of the ball ends of pegs 32 engaging in apertures 31 • Such tilting permits the head portions to be withdrawn from the joint outer member, with continued upward movement of mandrel 22. Head portions 38 of elements 37 remain in contact with the joint outer member, supported by elements 33.
• the apparatus is used for th manufacture of the outer member of a constant velocity rati universal joint, it will be appreciated that it is suitabl for manufacture of other components of the same genera configuration, having an internal surface with grooves o different hand therein.
• elements 33, 37 There may be other numbers o elements such as elements 33, 37, according to the shape o the component to be manufactured.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Forging (AREA)
• Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Dry Shavers And Clippers (AREA)
• Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
• Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
• Mechanical Pencils And Projecting And Retracting Systems Therefor, And Multi-System Writing Instruments (AREA)
• Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=10556820

Family Applications (2)

Family Applications After (1)

Country Status (12)

Families Citing this family (10)

Family Cites Families (9)

• 1984
  • 1984-02-18 GB GB848404321A patent/GB8404321D0/en active Pending
• 1985
  • 1985-01-24 AU AU38879/85A patent/AU583260B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1985-01-24 AT AT85300486T patent/ATE35784T1/de active
  • 1985-01-24 GB GB08618146A patent/GB2183187B/en not_active Expired
  • 1985-01-24 JP JP60500573A patent/JPS61501831A/ja active Pending
  • 1985-01-24 EP EP85900708A patent/EP0201499A1/de active Pending
  • 1985-01-24 DE DE8585300486T patent/DE3563821D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1985-01-24 BR BR8507121A patent/BR8507121A/pt unknown
  • 1985-01-24 EP EP85300486A patent/EP0153810B1/de not_active Expired
  • 1985-01-24 WO PCT/GB1985/000036 patent/WO1985003655A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1985-02-04 ZA ZA85834A patent/ZA85834B/xx unknown
  • 1985-02-08 CA CA000473871A patent/CA1272371A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1985-02-15 MX MX204348A patent/MX162499A/es unknown
  • 1985-02-18 ES ES540499A patent/ES540499A0/es active Granted

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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