EP0203260A2 - Machine à pétrir - Google Patents
Machine à pétrir Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0203260A2 EP0203260A2 EP86101551A EP86101551A EP0203260A2 EP 0203260 A2 EP0203260 A2 EP 0203260A2 EP 86101551 A EP86101551 A EP 86101551A EP 86101551 A EP86101551 A EP 86101551A EP 0203260 A2 EP0203260 A2 EP 0203260A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- kneading
- chambers
- machine according
- chamber
- tools
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/60—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
- B01F27/70—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms
- B01F27/701—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms comprising two or more shafts, e.g. in consecutive mixing chambers
- B01F27/702—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms comprising two or more shafts, e.g. in consecutive mixing chambers with intermeshing paddles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a kneading machine with a loading opening and mutually adjacent kneading chambers, each of which connects its interior and has an opening which is oriented transversely to the axes of the kneading tools and in which two axially parallel kneading tools can preferably be driven in opposite directions at different speeds.
- Kneading machines of this type are known for many applications.
- a batch introduced into the kneading chamber through the loading opening always has to be processed for a certain time, if necessary provided with additives and then removed.
- Silicates asbestos, talc, kaolin, metal oxides, dyes, glass fibers, synthetic reinforcing fibers, graphite fibers, boron fibers, as well as liquid additives such as plasticizers.
- antioxidants such as antioxidants, light stabilizers, stabilizers, crosslinking agents, lubricants, processing aids, fire retardants, antistatic agents or blowing agents have to be incorporated in the polymer materials in an exact concentration in the most homogeneous possible distribution.
- the process usually runs in such a way that the additives and the plastic granules are metered in with dosing scales, mixed in a continuously operating mixing extruder, mostly in the thermoplastic state, and extruded as strands at the head end of the extruder, which are then extruded with a cutting machine be granulated.
- Mixing and / or plasticizing processes can thus be carried out in the mixing extruder.
- the filled plastic granules can be processed further into molded parts, for example in injection molding machines.
- the filler content in the majority of cases is likely to be 50% or less in order not to unduly lower the mechanical strength and other important properties of the plastic parts.
- Another new area of application for continuously operating mixing extruders is the production of fuels and explosives as well as pyrotechnic articles.
- they worked mainly on solid fuels, propellant powder, explosive charges with plastic binders and pyrotechnic articles.
- so-called double-base solid fuels were produced using the thermoplastic working process, while other products are processed in the solvent phase or due to a liquid polymeric binder from a pasty state.
- Nitrocellulose as a polymeric component is impact and friction sensitive materials. The same applies to explosive components. These substances and compounds are often also very thermally sensitive and fizzle out at temperatures between 170 ° C and 250 ° C.
- Kneading machines of the type mentioned at the outset are also known from US Pat. No. 2,698,962 and DE-AS 11 31 389, in which two kneading chambers are arranged one above the other, but in which kneading screws are also arranged.
- kneading screws are also arranged.
- the kneaded material will get too quickly from one kneading chamber to the other and from there to its discharge opening before gravity achieves the desired consistency can reach.
- gravity ensures that the kneaded material is transported relatively quickly, so that the dwell time of the kneaded material is relatively short.
- the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a kneading machine of the type mentioned, with which a longer residence time of the kneaded material can be achieved, with sensitive fuels and explosives as well as other filled plastics being able to be continuously mixed and kneaded in great homogeneity without that there is a risk that the mixing and kneading tools touch the wall of the kneading chamber.
- a good compression of the kneaded product should be achieved when leaving the kneading machine, so that any air influences or the like that may have been incorporated during the kneading are avoided as far as possible.
- the solution to this problem is that at least three kneading chambers are arranged next to each other in an approximately horizontal row and are each connected by an opening and that at the end of the row of kneading chambers a discharge screw is attached to the discharge opening of the last kneading chamber.
- the horizontal row of more than two kneading chambers results on the one hand in an intensification of the processing of the kneading material, on the other hand the influence of gravity which accelerates the feeding of the kneading material is switched off, so that the combination of these measures can increase the dwell time of the kneading material in the kneading machine.
- the discharge screw at the end can compact the kneaded material again and, depending on the selected speed, can also influence the dwell time.
- a development of the invention can consist in that the speed of the discharge screw can be changed and / or the direction of rotation and conveying can be reversed. This also allows the dwell time of the kneaded material to be changed as desired. In addition, between the reversal of the direction of rotation and conveyance, there is also the speed 0 of the discharge screw, which likewise largely prevents the kneaded material from escaping and thus can increase its dwell time.
- the measures described above can be supported in that the mouth of the housing of the discharge screw is narrowed, preferably in the form of an extrusion nozzle. In this way, there is above all a certain back pressure within the discharge screw, which can bring about the desired compaction of the kneaded material after it has been kneaded during discharge.
- a kneading machine each with two axially parallel kneading tools and a plurality of kneading chambers, are retained, namely the kneading tools can be mounted on both sides and carry out thorough mixing and kneading.
- a sufficiently long dwell time of the kneading material is ensured in the kneading machine, since three or more kneading chambers of this type are arranged horizontally next to one another, so that the material to be kneaded can gradually move from chamber to chamber without being moved too quickly by gravity, and this enables continuous work over a sufficiently long dwell time.
- the mixing and kneading can be influenced and extended by the choice of the number of kneading chambers, but it can also be influenced by the discharge screw in a finished machine with a fixed number of kneading chambers.
- the discharge screw in a finished machine with a fixed number of kneading chambers.
- new kneading material can be refilled, while the processed material can be drawn off at the last of the kneading chambers located next to one another at the discharge opening and the mouth of the discharge screw.
- the kneading paddle shafts generally used in such kneading machines can cause high compressive, tensile and shear forces and thus strong friction in the kneaded material, which leads to excellent dispersion and homogeneity. Because of the connection opening from one kneading chamber to the next, these kneading tools and kneading blades have an additional function because they gradually convey the kneaded material to this opening and finally to the next kneading chamber. Depending on the desired residence time, the number of kneading chambers can be selected next to one another.
- the speed of the kneading tools of one chamber can be different from that of at least one other chamber.
- these speeds can also differ from chamber to chamber if the kneading material makes this necessary.
- the speed of the tools of the chamber next in the feed direction for the kneaded material could be lower than that of the tools in at least one of the previous kneading chambers.
- a certain back pressure and thus a sufficiently long dwell time of the kneaded material can be achieved in the course of time.
- Such deviating speeds can also be used to determine whether the kneaded material changes its viscosity during processing.
- An embodiment of the invention of considerable importance and great advantages can consist in the fact that inlet openings for liquid and / or solid additives are provided between and / or on the kneading chambers.
- the kneaded material can be gradually provided with further additives during its continuous processing, which are then mixed and kneaded in the subsequent chambers.
- the speed of the kneading tools in a kneading chamber at or behind openings for metering in is greater than that of the kneading tools in a kneading chamber before metering in, for example to take into account the increase in kneading substance and this now a larger amount of kneaded material to be conveyed correspondingly faster.
- a particularly expedient compromise between a good dwell time for the kneaded material and a not too great mechanical outlay can consist in the fact that four kneading chambers can be provided side by side. This results in an intensive kneading and mixing that exceeds machining in two superimposed kneading chambers by far, but still the overall height despite the large number of kneading chambers remains low and the overall - wished intensive processing is achieved by four Knetstellen.
- a further embodiment of the kneading machine according to the invention to improve the kneaded products and in particular to avoid air inclusions in these products - which is particularly important in the production of propellants and explosives - can consist in that at least one kneading chamber and / or the connection of two Kneading chambers at least one connection is provided for generating a negative pressure. It is special Expedient if a connection for generating a negative pressure is provided on the last and / or penultimate kneading chamber and / or the housing of the discharge screw, so that the kneaded material is freed or kept free of unfavorable air pockets at the end of its processing.
- kneading blades can be provided as kneading tools, which lead to a correspondingly intensive processing of the kneaded material and can also ensure the feed from kneading chamber to kneading chamber, that is to say they have a double function.
- individual kneading chambers it is also possible for individual kneading chambers to have rollers and / or polygonal disks as kneading tools instead of kneading blades.
- This configuration is possible because of the arrangement according to the invention of a plurality of kneading chambers next to one another and thus allows the kneading material to be processed in different ways within the individual chambers. While the kneading blades have above all a good mixing effect, larger kneading effects can be achieved with such rollers and polygonal disks.
- kneading chambers with kneading blades are arranged in a row after the loading opening of the kneading machine before kneading chambers with rollers and / or polygonal disks are connected. This ensures that the kneaded material is first mixed as well as possible and is already pre-kneaded before it is exposed to the rollers or polygonal disks, which predominantly carry out comminution and plasticizing work, especially if they are are heated.
- Sieves or baffles for division and / or slides for stowing the material flow can be arranged between at least two kneading chambers. This in turn can be used to control and influence the residence time of the material in the individual chambers.
- the screens, baffles and / or slides can be adjustable with regard to their position and the passage opening they can open, and with regard to their orientation for directing the material flow. This configuration is also possible due to the series arrangement of several kneading chambers and allows a targeted change in the material flow and the dwell time of the kneaded material in individual kneading chambers.
- each pair of kneading tools in a kneading chamber has its own drive, for. B. has an oil motor. This enables the desired speeds and speed differences to be set individually from chamber to chamber. Nevertheless, the overall construction is simple in terms of mechanical complexity.
- a kneading machine with which a kneadable material can be processed continuously and in a targeted manner depending on the requirements, and the dwell time can also be adapted to the respective requirements.
- the kneading tools are nevertheless advantageous Can be stored outside the kneading chambers so that even substances sensitive to friction and impact can be processed without any problems, especially since the kneading tools can be stored on both sides. Dangers for explosive materials caused by wall friction are completely avoided by this selected arrangement.
- the kneading machine can be constructed practically according to the modular principle, it is very versatile and can be used and adapted to a wide variety of mixing, kneading, crushing and plasticizing work for a wide variety of kneaded materials. If an extrusion nozzle or similar constriction is arranged at the outer mouth of the discharge screw or from its housing, there is the further advantage that the processed kneading material is shaped into a strand immediately and can thus be conveyed particularly well out of the machine and then conveyed on.
- a kneading machine designated as a whole by 1 has a loading opening 2 through which the kneaded material according to the arrow Pf 1 is introduced and reaches a first kneading chamber 3.
- a first kneading chamber 3 In the kneading chamber 3, two kneading tools 4 are arranged, the axes 5 of which are parallel to one another and which, according to FIG. the arrows Pf 2 and Pf 3 are driven in opposite directions and at different speeds.
- a plurality of kneading chambers 3 are adjacent to one another in a horizontal row and each have an opening 6 connecting their interior spaces, which is oriented transversely to the axes 5 of the kneading tools 4 and through which the kneaded material according to the arrow Pf 4 from a kneading chamber 3 in the next one is promoted.
- the last of the kneading chambers 3 located next to one another has a discharge opening 7, from which the finished kneaded material is drawn off.
- the speeds of the kneading tools 4 of the one chamber 3 can be different from those of at least one other kneading chamber 3.
- Chamber 3 following arrow Pf 4 may be smaller than that of tools 4 in at least one of the previous kneading chambers 3 in order to generate a certain jam at the openings 6 and thus increase the dwell time in the previous kneading chamber 3.
- 3 input openings 8 can be provided between two kneading chambers, through which according to. the arrows Pf 5 liquid or solid additives can be added to the kneaded material and added. It is then Expedient if the speed of the kneading tools 4 in a kneading chamber 3 behind an opening 8 for metering in is greater than that of the kneading tools 4 in a kneading chamber 3 in front of the metering opening 8, because the amount of kneaded material becomes larger and therefore for one somewhat faster onward transport can be ensured so as not to cause too much traffic jam.
- a discharge screw 9 is attached to the discharge opening 7 of the last chamber 3. This can have, for example, a nozzle or the like. End, so that the kneaded material is obtained in a continuous strand and is discharged from the kneading machine 1, so that it can be further processed accordingly.
- the above-mentioned nozzle or similar constriction at the outlet of the discharge screw 9 also ensures a certain jam in the interior of the screw, so that the kneaded material is additionally compressed again during discharge.
- the speed of the discharge screw 9 can be changed and it may even be possible to reverse the direction of rotation and thus the conveying direction of the discharge screw 9, whereby discharge of the kneaded material can be prevented for a while, so that the residence time can be influenced and extended.
- kneading blades are provided as kneading tools 4.
- rollers 10 are provided in a kneading chamber 3 instead of kneading blades, while in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, polygonal discs 11 are provided as kneading tools in the third and fourth kneading chambers 3.
- two kneading chambers 3 with kneading blades are arranged one after the other after the loading opening 2, before these kneading chambers 3 connect either with the rollers 11 or the polygonal discs 11.
- the arrangement of a plurality of kneading chambers 3 next to one another thus not only permits continuous processing, but also enables the mechanical action on the kneaded material to be influenced by different kneading tools 4.
- connection 12 is provided for the entry opening of a subsequent adjacent chamber 3 or the discharge screw 9, so that the passage openings 6 are formed by coupling these connections 12 together. Furthermore, this makes it possible to enlarge or reduce the number of kneading chambers 3, depending on the type of material to be processed or kneaded material, if these connections 12 can be detachably coupled.
- two kneading chambers 3 each being carried by a common support foot 13.
- two kneading chambers 3 can also be firmly connected and can be coupled to two further such chambers, as these examples show.
- both the number of these kneading chambers and the kneading tools 4 used in each case can be adapted almost arbitrarily to the respective kneaded material, the advantages of the previously known batch kneading machines with two axially parallel kneading units Witness 4 are preserved in a single kneading trough, but a continuous processing of the kneaded material by its simultaneous conveyance from kneading chamber 3 to kneading chamber 3 and its removal with the aid of a discharge screw 9 is possible.
- each pair of kneading tools 4 can have its own drive, for example with the help of an oil motor.
- six kneading chambers 3, or possibly only three kneading chambers, can lie side by side. A good compromise between machine effort and residence time can be the use of four, possibly five kneading chambers 3 side by side. Seven or more kneading chambers 3 would even be conceivable.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
- Formation And Processing Of Food Products (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT86101551T ATE52424T1 (de) | 1985-05-30 | 1986-02-06 | Knetmaschine. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3519349 | 1985-05-30 | ||
| DE19853519349 DE3519349A1 (de) | 1985-05-30 | 1985-05-30 | Knetmaschine |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0203260A2 true EP0203260A2 (fr) | 1986-12-03 |
| EP0203260A3 EP0203260A3 (en) | 1987-09-02 |
| EP0203260B1 EP0203260B1 (fr) | 1990-05-09 |
Family
ID=6271979
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP86101551A Expired - Lifetime EP0203260B1 (fr) | 1985-05-30 | 1986-02-06 | Machine à pétrir |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4797080A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0203260B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE52424T1 (fr) |
| DE (2) | DE3519349A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4005823A1 (de) * | 1990-02-23 | 1991-08-29 | Janke & Kunkel Kg | Knetmaschine mit wenigstens zwei nebeneinander angeordneten knetkammern |
| DE4006862A1 (de) * | 1990-03-05 | 1991-09-12 | Hoechst Ag | Anlage zur herstellung von ammoniumpolyphosphat |
| DE4237433C2 (de) * | 1992-11-06 | 1994-05-11 | Voith Gmbh J M | Stoffknetmaschine |
| DE4419530C1 (de) * | 1994-06-03 | 1995-07-06 | Janke & Kunkel Kg | Knetmaschine mit einander benachbarten Knetkammern |
| US5855655A (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1999-01-05 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Colorant stabilizers |
| DE19617606A1 (de) * | 1996-05-02 | 1997-11-06 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | Kontinuierliches Verfahren zur Herstellung lagerstabiler Organopolysiloxanzusammensetzungen |
| EP0985768A1 (fr) * | 1998-09-07 | 2000-03-15 | Talbot Technology Limited Rothamsted Research Station | Procédé et appareil pour le recyclage d'asphalte |
| IT246782Y1 (it) * | 1999-06-11 | 2002-04-10 | Rossa Giovanni Della | Estrusore compatto a piu' viti parallele |
| US6551655B2 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2003-04-22 | Amadas Industries, Inc. | Systems, methods, and apparatuses for application of liquid additives to materials |
| DE10313941A1 (de) * | 2003-03-27 | 2004-10-14 | Wacker-Chemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von hochviskosen Siliconmassen |
| JP5822800B2 (ja) * | 2012-08-21 | 2015-11-24 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 混練ロータ及び混練機 |
| US11780141B1 (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2023-10-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Continuous process for producing foamable celluloid |
| US11890782B2 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2024-02-06 | Vermeer Manufacturing Company | Mixing systems having disk assemblies |
Family Cites Families (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1713554A (en) * | 1926-08-02 | 1929-05-21 | Wrigley W M Jun Co | Mixing machine |
| FR680318A (fr) * | 1929-08-14 | 1930-04-28 | Malaxeur-mélangeur pour pulpes, menues-pailles ou produits similaires | |
| US2672325A (en) * | 1949-09-07 | 1954-03-16 | Coakley Arthur Timothy | Process for combining finely divided solid material with liquid |
| US2767437A (en) * | 1952-02-11 | 1956-10-23 | Donald E Marshall | Method of amalgamating and extruding soap |
| US2698962A (en) * | 1952-12-03 | 1955-01-11 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Apparatus for continuously milling plastics |
| GB775069A (en) * | 1954-12-09 | 1957-05-15 | Union Special Machine Co | Improvements in sewing machine lubrication systems |
| DE1131389B (de) * | 1955-11-24 | 1962-06-14 | Werner & Pfleiderer | Kontinuierliche Misch- und Knetvorrichtung zum Herstellen von Mischungen, insbesondere Gummi- und Kunststoff-mischungen |
| US2813703A (en) * | 1956-03-14 | 1957-11-19 | Herbert H Kersten | Centrifugal conveyor and mixer |
| DE1112968B (de) * | 1958-08-22 | 1961-08-24 | Wibau Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Mischen von Feststoffen mit verfluessigten, vorzugsweise thermoplastischen, insbesondere bituminoesen Bindemitteln |
| DE1255098B (de) * | 1962-04-17 | 1967-11-30 | Inst Chemii Ogolnej | Vorrichtung zur thermischen Isomerisierung oder Disproportionierung von Alkalisalzen von Benzolcarbonsaeuren |
| US3383096A (en) * | 1963-04-27 | 1968-05-14 | Braibanti Mario | Device for automatically keeping constant the hardness of mix, particularly for alimentary pastes |
| US3318584A (en) * | 1965-08-24 | 1967-05-09 | Amsted Ind Inc | Concrete mixer and conveyor |
| DE1557124B2 (de) * | 1967-01-11 | 1971-07-29 | Lodige, Wilhelm, Lodige, Fritz, Lücke, Josef, 4790 Paderborn | Vorrichtung zum benetzen von schuettguetern |
| US3700374A (en) * | 1969-07-14 | 1972-10-24 | Intercole Automation Inc | Continuous mixer with screw discharge control |
| ES389897A1 (es) * | 1971-04-03 | 1974-03-01 | Jolvent S A | Perfeccionamientos en una extrusionadora para la hilatura de materias sinteticas. |
| US3854627A (en) * | 1971-06-07 | 1974-12-17 | Wrigley W Co | Method and apparatus for discharging measured amounts of dough |
| DE2165878C3 (de) * | 1971-12-31 | 1981-07-09 | Fritz Lödige | Vorrichtung zum Beleimen von Spänen |
| DE2338207C3 (de) * | 1973-07-27 | 1979-07-05 | Fritz 8102 Mittenwald Petzoldt | Mehrspindeldrehautomat |
| DE2408936A1 (de) * | 1974-02-25 | 1975-09-11 | Ludwig Wittrock | Vorrichtung zur verformung von thermoplastrohstoffen und aehnlichen massen mittels rotierender mastifizierwerkzeuge z.b. schnecken oder walzen |
| CA1083913A (fr) * | 1975-10-06 | 1980-08-19 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Savon multicolore |
| FR2475924A1 (fr) * | 1980-02-15 | 1981-08-21 | Dalle & Lecomte Papeteries | Procede et dispositif pour la dispersion de fibres dans un liquide et leur application a la fabrication de matieres non tissees |
| US4478516A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1984-10-23 | Milton Kessler | Apparatus for mixing and blending constituents of a flow of thermoplastics material |
-
1985
- 1985-05-30 DE DE19853519349 patent/DE3519349A1/de active Granted
-
1986
- 1986-02-06 DE DE8686101551T patent/DE3670958D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-02-06 AT AT86101551T patent/ATE52424T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-02-06 EP EP86101551A patent/EP0203260B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-05-28 US US06/868,264 patent/US4797080A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0203260B1 (fr) | 1990-05-09 |
| DE3519349C2 (fr) | 1987-11-12 |
| EP0203260A3 (en) | 1987-09-02 |
| DE3519349A1 (de) | 1986-12-04 |
| ATE52424T1 (de) | 1990-05-15 |
| DE3670958D1 (de) | 1990-06-13 |
| US4797080A (en) | 1989-01-10 |
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