EP0207511A2 - Antenne réseau à balayage électronique - Google Patents

Antenne réseau à balayage électronique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0207511A2
EP0207511A2 EP86109023A EP86109023A EP0207511A2 EP 0207511 A2 EP0207511 A2 EP 0207511A2 EP 86109023 A EP86109023 A EP 86109023A EP 86109023 A EP86109023 A EP 86109023A EP 0207511 A2 EP0207511 A2 EP 0207511A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sum
difference
group antenna
antenna according
signals
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86109023A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0207511A3 (en
EP0207511B1 (fr
Inventor
Anton Dipl.-Ing. Brunner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0207511A2 publication Critical patent/EP0207511A2/fr
Publication of EP0207511A3 publication Critical patent/EP0207511A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0207511B1 publication Critical patent/EP0207511B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/02—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing sum and difference patterns

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a group antenna consisting of a multiplicity of line-fed, within the volume of an imaginary body which is symmetrical with respect to a horizontal plane and two perpendicularly intersecting vertical planes, in particular a sphere, distributed individual antennas with omnidirectional radiation pattern with electronically phase-controlled beam swiveling for radar all-round scanning.
  • Such a group antenna is known from DE-PS 28 22 845. With this antenna, however, precise target location or target tracking is not possible.
  • the monopulse antennas used hitherto correspond to an areal, non-spatial element arrangement in which four partial areas or partial antennas are combined into a sum, an elevation difference and an azimuth difference channel.
  • the object of the invention is a spatially constructed group antenna of the type mentioned without intervention in the actual antenna configuration in such a way that an exact target location or target tracking is possible using the monopulse method.
  • this object is achieved in that the individual emitters are divided into eight sub-volumes, so-called octants, which are delimited from one another by the three levels mentioned and fed separately in terms of signal, and in order to form a total sum signal, an elevation difference signal and two different azimuth difference signals the signals of the eight octants with a total of eleven elements, each forming sum and difference signals, such as ring hybrids, magic teas or the like.
  • the sum and difference signals are first formed by two level adjacent octants, which are combined with the sum and difference signals of the neighboring pairs of octants so that finally the four desired sum and Differential signals of the eight octants are present.
  • combination signals which can be designated as diagonal difference signals are also taken from some outputs, which are provided with a terminating resistor, of the elements forming the sum and difference signals, which result in radiation minima on the main axes given by the intersection lines of the three planes and in themselves to form the four desired ones Sum and difference signals are not required.
  • the spatial distribution of the individual radiators, which fills the volume of the imaginary body, is advantageously such that the arrangement is as similar as possible for all directions.
  • the individual radiators are expediently designed for horizontal polarization and the feed lines to the individual radiators run vertically.
  • the individual radiators can be formed, for example, by horizontally lying conductor rings or by horizontally lying crossed dipoles in the manner of a turnstile ("turnstile") antennas.
  • the sum-difference circuit For the implementation of the sum-difference circuit, a flat design is expedient, which can be implemented using stripline technology when transmitting lower powers, for example with exclusive reception mode or when using active single radiators. If the transmission mode with higher power is included in the sum channel, the sum-difference circuit can be implemented entirely or only on the sum channel paths in the form of a special coaxial line or waveguide system.
  • Such a coaxial line system is known from DE-PS 27 01 228 and is characterized by an outer conductor which is formed by a flat, metal base plate, in which depressions are provided with a square or rectangular cross section corresponding to the desired line path, and which is covered by a plan-shaped cover plate which is mechanically and electrically connected to the base plate and is likewise made of metal, and by an inner conductor which is embedded in the recesses of the base plate and is supported therein by means of dielectric supports and which has a rectangular cross section with a constant height and has a width adapted according to the wave resistance requirement.
  • An analog waveguide system for the sum-differential circuit also consists of a flat, metal base plate, in which depressions are provided with a square or rectangular cross-section corresponding to the desired line path, and of a planar design, with the base plate mechanically and electrically connected and also made of metal cover plate to cover the base plate.
  • the recesses in the base plate of the coaxial line or waveguide system can be milled out in a computer-controlled manner in a cost-effective manner.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cube which is symmetrical with respect to a horizontal plane E1 and two perpendicularly intersecting vertical planes E2 and E3 and which is intended to form an imaginary body 2, within the volume of which individual radiators with omnidirectional characteristics are to be distributed.
  • the individual emitters within the cube are line-fed and form a group antenna with electronically phase-controlled beam swiveling for all-round radar scanning.
  • the spatial distribution of the individual radiators which fills the volume of the imaginary body 2 is such that the arrangement is as similar as possible for all directions.
  • the individual radiators are divided into eight sub-volumes V1 to V8, so-called octants, which are delimited from one another by the three levels E1, E2 and E3 and are fed separately in terms of signals.
  • the signals occurring per octant V1 to V8 are also referred to as SV1 to SV8.
  • the total sum signal ⁇ g , the elevation difference signal ⁇ E1 , and the two different azimuth difference signals ⁇ Az1 and ⁇ Az2 result from the following equations.
  • ⁇ g SV1 + SV2 + SV3 + SV4 + SV5 + SV6 + SV7 + SV8 ⁇
  • the signals SV1 to SV8 of the eight octants V1 to V8 are combined with a circuit of sum and difference-forming elements, such as ring hybrids, magic teas or the like.
  • sum- and difference signals are first formed from the octane signals SV1 and SV2, SV3 and SV4, SV5 and SV6 as well as SV7 and SV8, that is to say from two octants which are adjacent with respect to the plane E3.
  • the ring hybrids H1, H2, H3 and H4 are used for this.
  • the sum and difference signals of the ring hybrids H1 and H2 are combined.
  • sum and difference signals in turn arise at the outputs of the hybrids H5 and H6.
  • the sum and difference signals of the hybrids H6 and H8 are further combined in two further hybrids H9 and H10, so that at the sum or difference output of the hybrid H9 the total sum signal ⁇ g or the elevation difference signal ⁇ E1 and at the sum output of the hybrid H10 that an azimuth difference signal ⁇ AZ1 is present.
  • the differential output signals of the hybrids H5 and H7 are further combined in a hybrid H11, so that the second azimuth difference signal ⁇ Az2 is present at its sum output .
  • the arrows at the empty outputs of the hybrids H5, H7, H10 and H11 each represent a terminating resistor.
  • sum and difference signals are first formed from two octants each adjacent to plane E1.
  • the hybrid H12 the sum and difference signals of the octane signals SV1 and SV5
  • the hybrid H13 the sum and difference signals of the octane signals SV2 and SV6
  • the hybrid H14 the sum and difference signals of the octane signals SV4 and SV8
  • a hybrid H15 the sum and difference signals of the two octane signals SV3 and SV7 are generated.
  • Sum and difference output signals of the hybrids H12 to H15 are further combined via the ring hybrids H16, H17 and H18, so that the sum sum signal ⁇ g or the azimuth difference signal ⁇ Az2 are present at the sum and difference outputs of the hybrid H18.
  • the elevation difference signal ⁇ EL can be determined by a combination of more than the hybrids H19, H20 and H21 decrease the total output of the hybrid H21.
  • the azimuth difference signal ⁇ Az1 is taken at the sum output of a hybrid H22 after a previous difference combination on the hybrids H16 and H17.
  • the variations of the sum-differential circuit for the spatial single radiator arrangement according to the invention depend on the arrangement of the octant outputs.
  • the two examples according to FIGS. 2 and 3 represent a linear and a double-four combination. In general, eleven hybrids are necessary for the formation of the four desired monopulse channels.
  • the antenna axis x is determined by the intersection of the levels E1 and E2, the antenna axis y by the intersection between the levels E1 and E3 and the antenna axis z by the intersection between the levels E2 and E3.
  • ⁇ represents a sum diagram with single lobe, ⁇ difference diagrams with double lobe and minimum valley and X diagonal difference diagrams with quadruple lobe and minimum cross.
  • ⁇ g mean the total sum diagram , ⁇ E1 the elevation difference diagram , ⁇ Az1 and ⁇ Az2 the two azimuth difference diagrams and X1, X2 and X3 diagonal difference diagrams of the following form:
  • X1 SV1 + SV2 + SV7 + SV8 - (SV3 + SV4 + SV5 + SV6)
  • X2 SV1 + SV4 + SV6 + SV7 - (SV2 + SV3 + SV5 + SV8)
  • X3 SV1 + SV5 + SV3 + SV7 - (SV2 + SV4 + SV6 + SV8)
  • FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of a spherical, imaginary body 2, within the volume of which individual radiators 1 with omnidirectional characteristics are distributed.
  • the distribution of the individual radiators 1 in volume is such that one is possible for all directions similar projected arrangement arises.
  • the individual radiators 1 are designed for horizontal polarization and can be formed, for example, by conductor rings 7 lying horizontally or by crossed dipoles lying horizontally in the manner of turnstile antennas. Essentially perpendicular feed lines 3 lead to the individual radiators 1 from below.
  • the individual radiators 1 accommodated in the imaginary sphere 2 are divided into eight octants V1 to V8 according to the cube combination according to FIG. Octant signals SV1 to SV8 are assigned to octants V1 to V8.
  • the spatial separation of the feed lines 3 in their association with the individual octants V1 to V8 with a horizontal component in the extension of the supply lines takes place only outside the beam path of the group antenna, ie below the radiating "sphere" 2
  • the outputs of these octant distributor plates P1 to P8 then supply the input signals SV1 to SV8 for the sum-difference circuit 4, which can be designed in accordance with the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the sum-difference circuit 4 can be accommodated below the octant distributor plates P1 to P8 in parallel as a plate.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP86109023A 1985-07-05 1986-07-02 Antenne réseau à balayage électronique Expired - Lifetime EP0207511B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3524148 1985-07-05
DE3524148 1985-07-05

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0207511A2 true EP0207511A2 (fr) 1987-01-07
EP0207511A3 EP0207511A3 (en) 1987-11-04
EP0207511B1 EP0207511B1 (fr) 1991-07-24

Family

ID=6275098

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86109023A Expired - Lifetime EP0207511B1 (fr) 1985-07-05 1986-07-02 Antenne réseau à balayage électronique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4734700A (fr)
EP (1) EP0207511B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3680396D1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0374008A1 (fr) * 1988-12-16 1990-06-20 Thomson-Csf Antenne à couverture tridimensionnelle et balayage électronique, du type réseau volumique raréfié aléatoire
DE4002522A1 (de) * 1990-01-29 1991-08-01 Siemens Ag Summen-differenz-anordnung fuer eine gruppenantenne
US5625160A (en) * 1995-02-18 1997-04-29 Diehl Gmbh & Co. Protection arrangement for affording protection from an approaching projectile
US6175330B1 (en) * 1998-11-26 2001-01-16 Hollandse Signaalapparaten B.V. Array antenna and method for operating an array antenna

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4882587A (en) * 1987-04-29 1989-11-21 Hughes Aircraft Company Electronically roll stabilized and reconfigurable active array system
US5302961A (en) * 1992-12-28 1994-04-12 General Electric Co. Antenna aperture with mainlobe jammer nulling capability
US5506589A (en) * 1993-04-09 1996-04-09 Hughes Aircraft Company Monopulse array system with air-stripline multi-port network
US5717405A (en) * 1996-07-17 1998-02-10 Hughes Electronics Four-port phase and amplitude equalizer for feed enhancement of wideband antenna arrays with low sum and difference sidelobes
US6011512A (en) * 1998-02-25 2000-01-04 Space Systems/Loral, Inc. Thinned multiple beam phased array antenna
NL1011421C2 (nl) * 1999-03-02 2000-09-05 Tno Volumetrisch phased array antenne systeem.
KR100902559B1 (ko) * 2008-10-30 2009-06-11 국방과학연구소 레이더 간섭계 및 그것을 이용한 표적위치 추정방법

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4023172A (en) * 1959-12-17 1977-05-10 Numax Electronics Incorporated Monopulse system for cancellation of side lobe effects
US3243804A (en) * 1963-07-26 1966-03-29 Jr Ira D Smith Four horn sequential lobing radar
US3344424A (en) * 1965-12-30 1967-09-26 Philip S Hacker Control circuitry for multimode radar
US3471857A (en) * 1967-05-24 1969-10-07 Singer General Precision Planar array antenna arrangements
DE2055981C3 (de) * 1970-11-13 1974-02-14 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin U. 8000 Muenchen Schaltung für ein räumliches Monopulsradarsystem mit Sekundärradar-Abfrage
US3860924A (en) * 1973-08-31 1975-01-14 Hughes Aircraft Co Moving target indicator system
US3946395A (en) * 1974-04-17 1976-03-23 Kirchhoff C Edward Radio direction finding apparatus
DE2822845C2 (de) * 1978-05-24 1983-12-01 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Gruppenantenne mit elektronisch gesteuerter Strahlschwenkung
US4316192A (en) * 1979-11-01 1982-02-16 The Bendix Corporation Beam forming network for butler matrix fed circular array
FR2541518A1 (fr) * 1982-10-26 1984-08-24 Thomson Csf Dispositif d'alimentation d'une antenne reseau a faisceau de balayage

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0374008A1 (fr) * 1988-12-16 1990-06-20 Thomson-Csf Antenne à couverture tridimensionnelle et balayage électronique, du type réseau volumique raréfié aléatoire
FR2640821A1 (fr) * 1988-12-16 1990-06-22 Thomson Csf Antenne a couverture tridimensionnelle et balayage electronique, du type reseau volumique rarefie aleatoire
US5038149A (en) * 1988-12-16 1991-08-06 Thomson-Csf Antenna with three-dimensional coverage and electronic scanning, of the random spare volume array type
DE4002522A1 (de) * 1990-01-29 1991-08-01 Siemens Ag Summen-differenz-anordnung fuer eine gruppenantenne
US5625160A (en) * 1995-02-18 1997-04-29 Diehl Gmbh & Co. Protection arrangement for affording protection from an approaching projectile
US6175330B1 (en) * 1998-11-26 2001-01-16 Hollandse Signaalapparaten B.V. Array antenna and method for operating an array antenna

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0207511A3 (en) 1987-11-04
US4734700A (en) 1988-03-29
EP0207511B1 (fr) 1991-07-24
DE3680396D1 (de) 1991-08-29

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