EP0209452B1 - Mehrzweck-Steckverbinder für das Anschliessen von verschiedenen Kabeltypen oder elektrischer Leiter - Google Patents
Mehrzweck-Steckverbinder für das Anschliessen von verschiedenen Kabeltypen oder elektrischer Leiter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0209452B1 EP0209452B1 EP86401527A EP86401527A EP0209452B1 EP 0209452 B1 EP0209452 B1 EP 0209452B1 EP 86401527 A EP86401527 A EP 86401527A EP 86401527 A EP86401527 A EP 86401527A EP 0209452 B1 EP0209452 B1 EP 0209452B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- connector
- cables
- ducts
- accordance
- cap
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 49
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 208000031968 Cadaver Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000282461 Canis lupus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001080024 Telles Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002991 molded plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/22—End caps, i.e. of insulating or conductive material for covering or maintaining connections between wires entering the cap from the same end
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
- H01R12/50—Fixed connections
- H01R12/59—Fixed connections for flexible printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables or like structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
- H01R12/50—Fixed connections
- H01R12/59—Fixed connections for flexible printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables or like structures
- H01R12/65—Fixed connections for flexible printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables or like structures characterised by the terminal
- H01R12/67—Fixed connections for flexible printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables or like structures characterised by the terminal insulation penetrating terminals
- H01R12/675—Fixed connections for flexible printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables or like structures characterised by the terminal insulation penetrating terminals with contacts having at least a slotted plate for penetration of cable insulation, e.g. insulation displacement contacts for round conductor flat cables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
- H01R13/52—Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof cases
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R31/00—Coupling parts supported only by co-operation with counterpart
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/24—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the connectors used to ensure a connection between the conductors provided in two cables to be connected.
- connectors comprising movable connection blades which are capable of being pressed into the insulating sheath of the cables to be connected in order to come into contact with the conductors coated by this sheath.
- the document FR.A.2.482.790 relates to a connector whose insulating body has two channels capable of receiving the cables to be connected and comprises, opposite one and the other edges of these channels, two metal blades connection mobiles.
- This connector is intended to receive two flat cables each containing two conductors arranged near one and the other edges.
- each of the movable connection blades is arranged opposite one of the conductors of one and the other cables.
- this connector includes a cap capable of exerting pressure on the movable connection blades during its installation, so that these blades are pressed into the insulating sheath of both cables to come into direct contact. with the corresponding conductors.
- the internal wall of this cap has a conical shape and its fixing to the body of the connector is ensured by screwing, which thus allows to exert a strong pressure on the movable connection blades.
- this connector can only be suitable for a specific type of electrical cable, because the section of the channels of the insulating body must correspond to that of the cables to be connected.
- the connector is designed to receive flat cables comprising two conductors disposed on either side of an axial metal core, it cannot be suitable for connecting narrower cables devoid of such an axial core.
- this connector cannot be used to ensure the connection of independent conductors.
- it is necessary to connect such conductors forming part of a bundle of conductors.
- the present invention aims to provide a versatile connector capable of being used for the connection of different types of cables or conductors.
- the invention also aims to achieve a number of improvements on such a connector.
- a connector for the connection of flat electrical cables each comprising two conductors embedded in an insulating sheath which comprises an insulating body having two substantially parallel channels adapted to receive the cables to be connected and two metal connection blades mounted movable opposite both edges of these channels, as well as a cap intended to be attached to the body of this connector to push these two blades into the insulating sheath of the two cables in order to ensure the connection electric between the corresponding conductors, characterized in that in their bottom, on the side opposite to the introduction of the cables, these channels have an extension whose width corresponds to that of flat cables without axial metallic core, this width being narrower than that channels on the cable entry side, which corresponds to the width of the cables with axial metallic core.
- the present connector can be used interchangeably for ensuring the connection of flat cables containing two conductors and an axial metallic core or for connector of flat cables devoid of such an axial core.
- this connector further comprises two removable strips of insulating material, of section similar to that of flat electrical cables with axial metallic core, and the edges of which have two grooves capable of receiving independent electrical conductors, these strips being likely to be placed inside the channels provided in the insulating body of this connector, so that it can be used interchangeably for the connection of two pairs of independent conductors, placed beforehand in the grooves of these bars removable, or for the connection of two flat cables with or without axial metallic core.
- the connector according to this embodiment can therefore be used, not only for the connection of the two usual types of flat cables mentioned above, but also for the connection of two separate pairs of conductors, thanks to the additional removable bars provided for this purpose. .
- the insulating body of the latter consists of the joining, one against the other, of two parts having complementary grooves capable of forming the two channels provided in this body, these two parts being attached to each other by a flexible connecting tab and being provided with complementary positioning reliefs, for example pins and corresponding recesses.
- a flexible connecting tab and being provided with complementary positioning reliefs, for example pins and corresponding recesses.
- Figures 14 and 15 are views in cross section and respectively, along the line XIV-XIV of Figure 12 and the line XV-XV of Figure 13, the cap not being shown.
- the present connector comprises two main parts, namely a body 1 and a cap 2, both made of insulating material, in this case: molded plastic.
- the body 1 is constituted by the assembly, one against the other of two identical parts 3 attached by a flexible connecting tab 4 (see FIG. 3).
- these two parts On their faces intended to be joined against each other, these two parts have grooves 5 which are able to complement each other to form, inside the body 1, two slightly divergent channels 6, which are separated by a central core 7 of triangular or trapezoidal outline.
- Each of these channels has a rectangular section corresponding to the section of relatively wide flat electric cables 8 of the type comprising an axial metallic core 8a on either side of which two conductors 9 are provided, the assembly being embedded in the insulating sheath of the corresponding cable. Consequently, the width of these channels is identical to that of such cables.
- the median planes AB and CD of these channels are arranged perpendicular to the plane XY of junction of the two complementary parts 3 of the body 1 (see FIGS. 11 and 14).
- the two parts 3 of the body 1 also include complementary reliefs intended to ensure correct positioning of these one on the other.
- These reliefs can consist of two pins 10, provided on one of these two parts and two corresponding cavities 11 formed on the other.
- the insulating body, 1 constituted by the union of these two complementary parts, has a frustoconical shape as it appears in FIG. 1. At its top, this body carries a stud 12 provided with a series of superimposed ribs 13 having a wolf tooth section. These ribs are intended to allow the attachment of the cap 2 in the maximum insertion position possible thereof, when one proceeds to the connection of two cables to be connected, the upper part of the inner wall of this cap comprising itself a series of complementary hooking ribs 14.
- the ribs 13, provided on the two complementary parts 3, are separated by raised parts 15 which are capable of constituting guide rails for the cap 2 when it is pushed in. To this end, it has parallel grooves 16 of the same section.
- the internal wall of this cap has a frustoconical shape as does the external wall of the body 1.
- the two channels 6 formed in this body have, in their bottom, an extension 17 whose width is narrower to correspond to that of flat electric cables 18 of small width comprising only two conductors 19 without an axial core, unlike cables 8 already mentioned .
- the extensions thus provided are therefore separated, from the main part of the channels 6, by shoulders 20 which are able to serve as stops for flat cables 8 of large width when they are inserted into these channels.
- two metal connection blades 21 are provided. These blades are arranged in the same plane perpendicular to the axis of the body 1 and they are slidably mounted in slots 22 of this body. Likewise, opposite the extensions 17 of the channels 6, two other similar connection blades 23 are slidably mounted in slots 24 of the body 1.
- connection blades 21 and 23 which are located on the same side of the connector, are formed by the lateral branches of a metal part 25 in the general shape of a U, the middle branch of which has an inclination similar to that of the external wall. of the body 1. In standby position, the middle branch of each of these two connection pieces protrudes relative to this wall, as shown in FIG. 5. However, the arrangement is such that the middle branch of each of these parts is pushed back by the internal wall of the cap 2 when it is pushed in, the external wall of the body 1 comprising two slight depressions 26 capable of receiving the middle branch of these two parts when they are completely pushed back by the cap 2.
- the body 1 thereof contains two removable bars 27 arranged inside the channels 6. Furthermore, these bars, one of which is shown on a larger scale in FIG. 7 , have a width identical to these channels, their section being similar to that of relatively wide flat cables 8 which have an axial core 8a. Consequently, these bars are stopped by the shoulders 20 provided in the channels 6 (see FIG. 5).
- each of these bars has a longitudinal groove 28 intended to receive an independent conductor 29 which may form part of a bundle of such conductors.
- each strip 27 can receive the two conductors of the same pair which must be connected to the two conductors of the corresponding pair provided on the next bundle of conductors.
- each bar 27 has a transverse groove 30 of greater depth than the longitudinal groove 28. As will be explained below, this groove avoids any risk of cutting the corresponding conductor 29.
- each bar 27 carries a gripping tab 31, which projects outside the body of the connector, as can be seen clearly in FIGS. 1 and 2. These tabs are intended to allow easy removal of the removable bars 27 , when these are not used.
- the connector body is also provided with a metal connection bracket 32 intended to provide an electrical connection between the axial cores 8a of two wide cables 8 when the connector is used for the connection of such cables.
- This metal wire bracket is arranged in the junction plane of the two complementary parts 3 of the body 1. It has a general U-shape, its middle branch 33 being arranged transversely at some distance from the bottom of the channels 6, while its lateral branches 34 are located outside the body 1, as shown in FIG. 4.
- These last two branches have an inclination similar to that of the external wall of the body 1 and they are intended to be pushed inwards during the insertion of the cap 2.
- the ends 35 of these two branches are bent inwards towards the channels 6, so that they come to engage in these channels when the cap 2 is pressed, thanks to the elasticity of the present stirrup 32.
- the removable bars 27 have a hole 36 opposite the ends 35 of this stirrup. These holes can therefore receive these ends when the cap 2 is pushed in, if the bars 27 are in place. This then ensures the immobilization of the latter.
- an insulating screen 37 is provided between the two connection blades 23, which are located in the bottom of the channels 6 or more exactly at the location of the extensions 17 of the latter.
- This flat screen is disposed substantially in the XY junction plane of the two complementary parts of the body 1. In addition, it is movable and can slide along this plane. To this end, this screen includes an oblong opening 38 inside which is arranged the middle branch 33 of the connection bracket 32.
- the screen 37 When the connector is waiting for use, the screen 37 is in the position shown in FIG. 5. It is then partially engaged in the extensions 17 of the two channels 6, so that part of this screen is located between the two connection blades 23 to prevent any danger of arcing between these two blades.
- connection blades 21 and 23 are capable of deforming to conform to the profile of the metal conductors to be connected in order to obtain optimal contact.
- these blades can be provided with a particular metallic coating making it possible to obtain their soldering on the corresponding conductors during the first heating which occurs.
- grooves 39 capable of ensuring degassing in the event of lightning effect, in order to avoid any risk of bursting of the connector.
- flanges 40 to which correspond cells 41 formed at the base of the cap 20. These flanges are intended to retain in place the added sealing grease around the body 10. Furthermore, because of their interlocking, these collars avoid the establishment of vanishing lines from the connection blades 22 closest to the entry of the channels 6.
- the two removable bars 27 are used to serve as supports at the ends of the corresponding conductors, these being engaged in the longitudinal grooves 28 provided on the edges of these bars.
- each connection blade 21 is in contact with the wire of one of the conductors 29 carried by a strip 27 and with the wire of one of the conductors carried by the other strip 27 on the same side of the connector. It is the same for the other connection blade 21, which therefore ensures the desired connections.
- each conductor can deform, as shown in FIG. 10, which avoids any risk of cutting by the connection blades 21.
- the slight deformation provided on the edges of these blades allows a kind of "scraping" or peeling of the insulating sheath to occur, and not a simple penetration into the material of this sheath in a perpendicular direction. to the axis of the driver, which could lead to deterioration of the driver.
- the depression of the cap 2 also has the effect of making the ends 35 of the connection bracket 32 penetrate into the holes of the bars 27, which ensures their immobilization in place.
- the insulating screen 37 has remained in its initial position. Consequently, part of this screen is interposed between the two connection blades 23, which then avoids any risk of striking an arc between them.
- the two removable bars 27 should be completely removed by extracting them from the body 1 by pulling on their tab 31.
- the ends of the two cables 4 to be connected can then be engaged in the channels 6 until 'They abut against the shoulders 20.
- the depression of the cap 2 also ensures the penetration of the bent ends 35 of the connection bracket 33 inside the channels 6. The tips of these ends are thus caused to penetrate into the insulating sheath of the two cables 8, so that they come into direct contact with the axial core 8a of each of these cables. This ensures an electrical connection between the cores of these two cables and improves the mechanical strength of the assembly.
- the insulating screen 37 remained in its initial position. Under these conditions, it provides the desired isolation between the two connection blades 23 while avoiding any risk of arcing between them.
- connection made are perfect because the ends of the cables 18 are completely immobilized inside the extensions 17 of the channels 6. However, this would not have been the case if we had used a connector comprising only channels having the width of wider cables provided with an axial core, such as the cables 8 mentioned above. It should also be noted that in the various modes of use of this connector, excellent conditions of application of the edges of the connection blades are obtained on the corresponding conductors. This is due to the general arrangement of the present connector and to the inclination of the external wall of the body thereof and of the middle branch of the connection pieces 25. However, this is also due to the fact that it occurs in somehow an adaptation of the different parts of the fact that the body of the present connector is constituted by two complementary parts 3 which may slightly move a lot relative to each other and adapt accordingly.
- this connector also makes it possible to connect a cable of a specific type with a cable of another type, or even with independent conductors placed on one of the removable bars 27. In fact, these various combinations are perfectly possible.
- the manufacture of the body of the present connector in the form of two complementary parts 3, intended to be joined together has the advantage of allowing the molding of this body in a design mold very simple. However, this also facilitates the subsequent assembly of the various parts provided. Indeed, the insulating screen 37 as well as the transverse stirrup 32 for connection can be put in place between these two complementary parts before their folding against one another. During the meeting of these two parts, the pins 10 and the cavities 11 ensure proper positioning of these two parts relative to each other.
- the production of the body 1 in the form of two complementary parts also has the advantage of allowing effective clamping of the cables to be connected by tightening the two complementary parts 3 thereon under the effect of the pressures exerted by this cap 3 during of its depression.
- this connector obviously lies in its versatile nature, since it can interconnect two distinct types of flat cables, of different width, and that of separate conductors forming part of two bundles. conductors, to be tuned one after the other.
- the contacts made are ensured, in each case, in an absolutely perfect manner, since the separate cables or conductors to be connected, are placed in housings which correspond exactly to their dimension and that, moreover, the pressures applied to the connection blades are exerted under optimal conditions.
Landscapes
- Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)
- Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
Claims (14)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8510940 | 1985-07-17 | ||
| FR8510940A FR2585194B1 (fr) | 1985-07-17 | 1985-07-17 | Connecteur polyvalent pour la connexion de differents types de cables ou conducteurs electriques |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0209452A1 EP0209452A1 (de) | 1987-01-21 |
| EP0209452B1 true EP0209452B1 (de) | 1990-04-04 |
Family
ID=9321382
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP86401527A Expired - Lifetime EP0209452B1 (de) | 1985-07-17 | 1986-07-09 | Mehrzweck-Steckverbinder für das Anschliessen von verschiedenen Kabeltypen oder elektrischer Leiter |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4726785A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0209452B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE3670180D1 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2585194B1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8804134D0 (en) * | 1988-02-23 | 1988-03-23 | Raychem Pontoise Sa | Cable connecting module |
| US4964816A (en) * | 1990-02-20 | 1990-10-23 | Plastics One, Inc. | Electrical connector and method of making the same |
| US5368501A (en) * | 1993-12-06 | 1994-11-29 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Rotary actuated, enviromental, insulation displacement connector |
| US5622642A (en) * | 1995-02-06 | 1997-04-22 | Raychem Corporation | Sealing apparatus for elongate cables having movable insert with gripping members |
| GB9918977D0 (en) * | 1999-08-11 | 1999-10-13 | Rewires Devon Limited | Insulating cap |
| US20030116935A1 (en) * | 2001-12-26 | 2003-06-26 | Adam Zadok | Anti-roll vehicle suspension |
| US7001204B1 (en) * | 2005-01-12 | 2006-02-21 | Jyh Eng Technology Co., Ltd. | Transmitting jack with prong-type conductive pieces |
| DE102011000460A1 (de) | 2011-02-02 | 2012-08-02 | Harting Electronics Gmbh & Co. Kg | Kontaktierungsvorrichtung eines elektrischen Steckverbinders |
| DE102013224042A1 (de) * | 2013-11-25 | 2015-05-28 | Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh | Anordnung für einen elektrischen Stecker |
| DE102014102659A1 (de) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-03 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg | Mantelklemme zum Herstellen eines elektrischen Kontakts |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2534881A (en) * | 1946-04-20 | 1950-12-19 | Henry J Schroeder | Electrical wire connector with insulation piercing means |
| US3041575A (en) * | 1960-08-31 | 1962-06-26 | Wilhelm A Schneider | Connecting means |
| US3951505A (en) * | 1975-05-01 | 1976-04-20 | Williams Robert A | Strain relief system for electrical connectors |
| FR2482790A1 (fr) * | 1980-05-13 | 1981-11-20 | Goro | Connecteur de cables conducteurs electriques |
| US4318580A (en) * | 1980-06-09 | 1982-03-09 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Hand applied rotary connector |
| ATE19151T1 (de) * | 1981-09-28 | 1986-04-15 | Ici Plc | Anordnung zum elektrischen zuenden. |
| US4473715A (en) * | 1983-10-31 | 1984-09-25 | Amp Incorporated | Wire connector |
-
1985
- 1985-07-17 FR FR8510940A patent/FR2585194B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1986
- 1986-07-09 DE DE8686401527T patent/DE3670180D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-07-09 EP EP86401527A patent/EP0209452B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-07-10 US US06/884,235 patent/US4726785A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2585194B1 (fr) | 1987-10-30 |
| FR2585194A1 (fr) | 1987-01-23 |
| DE3670180D1 (de) | 1990-05-10 |
| US4726785A (en) | 1988-02-23 |
| EP0209452A1 (de) | 1987-01-21 |
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