EP0211706A2 - Process and apparatus for separating liquids and solids, in particular fruit juices - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for separating liquids and solids, in particular fruit juices Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0211706A2
EP0211706A2 EP86401388A EP86401388A EP0211706A2 EP 0211706 A2 EP0211706 A2 EP 0211706A2 EP 86401388 A EP86401388 A EP 86401388A EP 86401388 A EP86401388 A EP 86401388A EP 0211706 A2 EP0211706 A2 EP 0211706A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
capacity
screw
fractions
shield
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86401388A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0211706B1 (en
EP0211706A3 (en
Inventor
Yves Maisonneuve
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR8509689A external-priority patent/FR2584020B1/en
Priority claimed from FR8515712A external-priority patent/FR2588725B1/en
Priority claimed from FR8517905A external-priority patent/FR2590839B2/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT86401388T priority Critical patent/ATE55945T1/en
Publication of EP0211706A2 publication Critical patent/EP0211706A2/en
Publication of EP0211706A3 publication Critical patent/EP0211706A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0211706B1 publication Critical patent/EP0211706B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/04—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using press rams
    • B30B9/06—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using press rams co-operating with permeable casings or strainers
    • B30B9/062—Extrusion presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
    • B30B9/121—Screw constructions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
    • B30B9/127—Feed means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
    • B30B9/18—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing with means for adjusting the outlet for the solid

Definitions

  • Presses have been known for a very long time, which are particularly suitable for extracting fruit juices and which include a capacity with perforated walls into which the materials to be pressed are introduced and compressed by means of an endless screw.
  • This general principle knows many variations, in particular in the shape of the hub of the worm and in the shape of the compression capacity itself. Whatever these variants, all presses of this type have the major drawback of causing crushing of the material to be pressed between the periphery of the central screw and the perforated walls of the container, because there is necessarily friction on the turns of the screw and on the perforated walls which act as a grater.
  • Document FR-A-82/03408 is also known, which describes a press having a first cylindrical part and a second frustoconical part, an axial helical screw having turns themselves same cylindrical on an equally cylindrical hub.
  • Document FR-A-83/05068 describes a press having a compression capacity having a first cylindrical part, a second frustoconical part connected to the first and a third also cylindrical part connected to the frustoconical part, the helical screw always having a cylindrical outline.
  • the helical screw is mounted movable axially while being rotatably mounted in the direction of a thrust on the material.
  • this screw meets a predetermined resistance, it is moved back to a starting position then, the rotation being stopped, the screw is pushed axially, without turning, on the material already pressed while we admit fresh material to press and the screw is removed by driving it in rotation in the opposite direction to the push so that it "unscrews" in the fresh material, then the cycle begins again.
  • This device provides an improvement over the previous presses but still has a significant drawback in that the pressure is exerted in the same direction as the introduction of the material, that is to say in a direction called “upstream-downstream” "and that, in addition, this pressure is predominant at the center of the capacity, the compulsory back pressure being obtained by means of a door placed across the end of the capacity opposite the entry of the material to be pressed.
  • the press which has a compression capacity in which there are two helical screws with inverted pitch on each of which is fixed a plate of the same section that the capacity and which plays the role of nut when the capacity is rotated, the screws being kept fixed, because the plates approach to press the material placed between them or move away to release it according to the direction in which the compression capacity is trained.
  • a press of this type also has a very poor yield since the duration of obtaining a "press" is three and a half hours and this time causes the oxidation of the tannins and all oxidizable substances including aromas, all resulting in a dark juice without taste or odor when the material to be compressed is a grape.
  • the present invention provides a solution constituting a considerable improvement since it provides for the presence of a conical shield which allows overpressure at the output of a pressing capacity, this capacity being made movable relative to a fixed piston. In this way, an assembly is produced which avoids all attacks against the mixture to be pressed and which has an excellent yield.
  • the present invention moreover, provides the means to improve the distribution of the working pressure in the capacity by using various alternative embodiments of the means which cause this pressure.
  • the subject of the invention is a method for separating by pressing liquid and solid fractions intimately associated into a heterogeneous mixture, as are, for example, the juices, pulps, pits, seeds, peduncles and plant elements of fruit such as grapes harvested, characterized in that one fills in a direction called "upstream-downstream", by a so-called entry end, a capacity with side walls traversed by fine passages, with heterogeneous mixture, then one interrupts the arrival of mixing, then one causes pressing by producing on the one hand a linear relative movement between the capacity and a non-workpiece rotating forming a piston located in front of the inlet end so that this part penetrates from upstream to downstream in the capacity and on the other hand an antagonistic retaining force, that is to say acting in the "downstream-upstream” direction ", coaxial with the capacity, at the end of the said outlet opposite to the previous one while providing an annular outlet space, also coaxial, for the solid fractions separated from the liquid fractions during pressing and thus
  • the invention also relates to a device for the implementation of this method, characterized in that it comprises on the one hand a capacity whose side walls are crossed by fine passages and which has two opposite open ends, the an "inlet” placed opposite a piston-forming part and provided an opening for the entry of mixture into the capacity, and on the other hand a shield associated with the other end called “outlet", the capacity-shield assembly being mounted movable relative to the part forming the piston so to press the material between the shield and the piston-forming part, the liquid fractions having to pass through the capacity by fine passages while the solid fractions must be evacuated around the shield.
  • Curve A shows this variation in a known device: 1 ⁇ pressure is immediately established at input 0 at a significant value then increases further and decreases regularly until output X where it is minimal.
  • Curve B shows the variation of this same pressure P1 according to the process according to the invention and it can be seen that at input 0 the pressure P1 is established at a relatively low value then increases regularly but slightly in thus remaining practically compliant up to the vicinity of the output X where it increases significantly to reach its maximum value.
  • Curve C shows the distribution of the pressure P2 in a device of known type and it can be seen that the pressure is maximum at the periphery while it is minimum in the central part x.
  • Curve D represents the distribution of the transverse pressure P2 with the method according to the invention and it can be seen that this curve D is exactly the opposite of curve C since the pressure P2 has minimum values at the periphery of the device and maximum values in the central part x.
  • FIG. 3 we have shown the effects, in a known device, of the pressure P1 shown diagrammatically by an arrow and it can be seen that this pressure P1 is exerted from the inlet to the outlet, that is to say say in the "upstream-downstream” direction and in the same direction as the entry of the mixture to be pressed, symbolized by two arrows F1.
  • Figure 4 is a diagram similar to that of Figure 3 but corresponding to the implementation of the method according to the invention. It can be seen that a retaining force F2 is created at the center of the device and at its exit and is directed in the direction opposite to that of the arrow F1 indicating the direction in which the mixture to be pressed is introduced into the device . This retaining force F2 comes from the presence of a central conical shield located at the exit of the device.
  • the retaining force F2 and the pressure P1 are indeed antagonistic, according to the method according to the invention, but the retaining force F2 is caused by the exit resistance of the cake.
  • this resistance comes from the presence of the shield, but it only acts against the pressure P1 indirectly, with the interposition of the cake.
  • This device includes a hopper 1 for loading a heterogeneous mixture and in the following description we will take as an example the grapes harvested to be pressed to give a juice as clear as possible providing, after treatment such as fermentation or distillation, a drink alcoholic, especially wine or Cognac.
  • the hopper 1 opens into a tank 2 in the shape of a bucket, that is to say with a bottom of circular section and with divergent planar walls.
  • this tank 2 extends an endless screw 3, the axis 4 of which is held by a bearing 5 and is connected to a motor for rotating 6.
  • the walls of the hopper 1 and of the tank 2 are perforated in order to allow the dripping juices collected to pass through an envelope 7 which surrounds the hopper 1 and the tank 2 and which has a discharge orifice 8.
  • the screw 3 At its end opposite to that which is close to the motor 6, the screw 3 comprises a second thread 9, just like the main thread and which ends in being diametrically opposite to it and both in a plane 10 perpendicular to axis 4, in order to form an obstacle to the return of mixture in the tank 2, from downstream to upstream, as will be explained below.
  • the diameter of the screw 3 is constant inside the tank 2 and decreases in line with a socket 11 whose interior is frustoconical and which thus has a circular central passage 12 of diameter less than the cross-section of the tank 2 and an annular part 11 co-planar with the plane 10, this assembly having to play the role of piston.
  • a solid central part could also be provided around which an annular passage would be provided for the transfer of the mixture by the screw 3.
  • the diameter of the capacity 14 increases in the "upstream-downstream” direction, that is to say in the direction of the entry of the mixture towards the exit of the solid fractions.
  • capacity 14 The walls of capacity 14 are perforated so that the liquid fractions separated from the solid fractions introduced and pressed into capacity 14 can pass therethrough.
  • the perforations of the capacity 14 are shown in the form of slots 15 resulting from intervals between solid parts 16 held together by external circular reinforcements 17 giving the assembly the rigidity of a structure complete.
  • a different structure can be used, in particular a grid made of perforated sheet metal with oblong openings of major axis parallel to the axis of the capacity 14, this grid being of the type known per se.
  • the grid must be held rigidly in the radial direction to resist the thrust of the pressed mixture and, for this purpose, reinforcements of the type of those shown here, 17 can be used.
  • the capacity 14 includes a cylindrical extension 18, the internal diameter of which corresponds to the external diameter of the sleeve 11 by providing for the interposition of joints and / or members facilitating the sliding of the extension 18 on the sleeve 11, or avoiding the effects of friction.
  • metal against metal these elements being generally designated by the reference 19.
  • beams 25 and 26 are fixed supporting profiles 27 and 28 extending inside the profiles 23 and 24.
  • Cylinders 30 and 31 are provided inside the profiles 27 and 28 in order to be able to move the capacity 14 relative to the co-planar parts 10 and 11 forming the piston.
  • the body 32 of the actuator 30 is fixed by an eyelet 33 and a flange 34 to the profile 23 while the rod 35 of the actuator 30 is connected by an eyelet 36 and a flange 37 to the profile 27.
  • the body 38 of the jack 31 is fixed by an eyelet 38 and a flange 40 to the profile 24 while the rod 41 of this jack 30 is fixed by an eyelet 42 and a flange 43 to the profile 28.
  • the cylinders 30 and 31 are of the double-acting type and therefore have fluid inlets 44-45 and 46-47 respectively controlled by solenoid valves, as is known per se, to cause the extraction of the rods 35 and 41 or their retraction.
  • the downstream end of the capacity 14 is entirely open and allows the establishment of a central conical shield 50 associated with radial coulters 51 and integral with an axial rod 52 slidably mounted in a guide 53.
  • the shield 50 is associated with an articulated diamond 54 of which two opposite vertices 55 and 56 are connected to a jack 57, respectively to the body 58 and to the rod 59 thereof, while the other two opposite vertices 60 and 61 are connected respectively at a fixed point and at the rod 52.
  • This jack 57 contains a pressurized fluid and acts as a shock absorber and it is advantageous to be able to adjust the passage section of an inlet 62 and an outlet 63, by any known means, to adjust the value of the resistance that the jack 57 opposes to the forces exerted on it by the conical shield 50, itself subjected to the thrust of the mixture.
  • the guide 53 is fixed to a crosspiece 64 joining two supports 65 and 66 integral with the capacity 14.
  • the jacks 30 and 31 were ordered so that the capacity 14 is in the position shown in FIG. 6 according to which the cylindrical part 18 completely covers the sleeve 11 so that the capacity 14 has a minimum volume.
  • the capacity 14 moves from upstream to downstream under the effect of the arrival of the mixture which pushes it, this "decline" in the capacity giving way to new arrivals of mixture. It should be noted that here there is only a simple push and not a compression since the capacity 14 moves effortlessly and since no force is developed against the arrival of the mixture.
  • the admission of pressurized fluid into the jacks 30 and 31 is controlled by the inputs 44 and 46, in order to move the capacity 14 in the direction of the arrows F5 (FIG. 7), towards its position of minimum volume, which has the effect of driving the shield 50 in the same direction by the supports 65 and 66 and by the cross-member 64, the cylindrical part 18 sliding on the cylindrical external part of the sleeve 11.
  • the jack 57 acts in the direction of bringing together the vertices 55 and 56 of the diamond 57, that is to say the spacing of the vertices 60 and 61, the rod 52 thus tending to push the shield 50 towards the interior of the capacity 14, in the downstream-upstream direction.
  • the shield 50 thus opposes the free exit of the mixture.
  • the displacement of the capacity 14 relative to the fixed socket 11 therefore causes the compression of the mixture between on the one hand the wall 13 and the co-planar plane 10 and on the other hand the central shield 50 with interposition of the dense cake already formed .
  • the wall 13 and the plane 10 constitute in a way a piston on which the mixture is pressed thanks to the action of the jacks 30 and 31, this pressure causing the exit of the liquid fractions by the slots 15 of the capacity 14 while the fractions solids accumulate in a dense cake downstream of the capacity 14.
  • the cake reaches a degree of dryness determined by the adjustment of the pressure in the jack 57, it is forced against the coulters 51 which fragment it into parts which exit the device according to arrows F6, through the annular passage.
  • the shield 50 undergoes two opposing forces: the pushing of the cake in the direction of the arrows F4 (FIG. 6) and the resistance of the jack 57.
  • the solid fractions of the mixture after extraction of the liquid fractions, have agglomerated into cake, it acts strongly on the shield 50 which can retreat against the jack 57, until a balance is established determined by the adjustment of the pressure in the jack 57.
  • the shield 50 moves back a little and, given its shape, correlatively enlarges the passage section offered at the outlet of the solid fractions, section determined by the width of the annular passage which remains between the outside of the cone 50 and the inside capacity 14.
  • the position of the shield 50 determines the section passage, the intensity of the retaining force and the rate of residual moisture in the cake, that is to say the value of the "pressed".
  • the compression of the mixture inside the capacity 14 is obtained by a simple linear movement in which the screw 3 does not intervene in any way by its rotary function since on the one hand it is stopped during the pressure phase and that on the other hand the mixture of the capacity 14 practically does not reach it thanks to the plane 10. It should be noted that with this embodiment, the pressure is not exerted from upstream to downstream but from downstream to upstream , according to arrows F5.
  • the endless screw 3 therefore only plays here the role of a material transport mechanism and could therefore be replaced by any other device if it turns out to be more practical than a worm.
  • the frustoconical shape of the capacity 14 the mixture moves from upstream to downstream, from the small base to the large, which eliminates the phenomenon of rasp and friction and which allows a better flow of the mixture as well as the total absence of trituration, the solid particles being oriented as shown in FIG. 4, as explained above.
  • the section of the tank 14 could be other than circular, for exam- D Ie oval.
  • the increase in pressure shown diagrammatically by curve B in FIG. 1 is obtained by the conical shield 50 and the jack 57 which is associated with it.
  • the shapes and dimensions of the shield 50 can be captured under different conditions of use. In all cases, the shield 50 being located in the axis of the device, it is in the center that the pressure P1 is the highest and it is indeed towards the periphery that it decreases since the outlet is annular shape.
  • the drying of the mixture is thus modulated according to the pressure which prevails in the jack 57 and, therefore, according to the retaining force of the shield 50.
  • a non-return valve can be provided as shown in FIG. 9.
  • the bush 11 and its front part 13 as well as its central passage 12 by which the mixture is introduced into the capacity 14 are shown diagrammatically in this figure.
  • the non-return valve is composed of a shutter 70 of diameter equivalent to that of passage 12 and provided with peripheral reliefs 71 by which it abuts against the front part 13 when it receives a pressure directed in the direction of the arrows F5, position in which the passage 12 is completely closed.
  • the shutter 70 is capped by a retaining piece 72 comprising arms 73 fixed to the part 13 and curved towards a common center 74 against which the shutter 70 is placed in abutment when it receives a pressure directed in the direction of the arrows F4, that is to say when the screw 3 is rotated and pushes the mixture through the central passage 12.
  • the conical shield 50 is removed and replaced by a central endless screw 80 of increasing diameter in the upstream-downstream direction and secured to a shaft 81 rotatably mounted in a retaining bearing 82 and connected to a setting mechanism. movement of any known type such as a gear motor 83.
  • the evacuation of the solid fractions can be modulated by varying the speed of the screw 80 to ensure a very precise adjustment and an excellent suitability of the device and of the mixture which is available in all circumstances.
  • the percentage of solid fractions relative to the liquid fractions discharged therefore depends on the speed of rotation of the screw 80.
  • longitudinal ribs 85 can be provided inside the capacity 14 to which the various components of the mixture are attached, thus preventing their entrainment by life 80.
  • the screw 80 has a variable pitch, in the direction of a decrease, from its upstream end towards its downstream base because along the screw 80 the volume of the mixture decreases further and it must be saved less space.
  • the pitch of the screw 80 is then greater where the turns have a small diameter and its pitch is smaller where the turns have a larger diameter.
  • the latter can be given an acute profile so that their outer edge 80a is sharp.
  • bearing 82 is integral with a crosspiece 64 and supports 65 and 66, as in the case of Figures 5 to 7 so that the capacity 14 and the screw 80 are made integral in translation. Their relative position can be adjusted according to the nature of the mixture to be treated. For this, two series of holes 68 are provided on the supports 65 and 66 and holes 69 on the crosspiece 64 in order to choose those which will be placed opposite for the passage of assembly bolts. This presetting is carried out according to the characteristics of the mixture to be treated. In the case of grapes, we may wish a different pre-setting for the first harvest and for those at the end of the campaign for example.
  • the screw 80 is only rotated when the mixture introduced into the capacity 14 is pressurized (the screw 3 being stopped) by deployment of the jacks 30 and 31. It is stopped when the jacks 30 and 31 are neutralized and that of the mixture is introduced into the capacity 14, the screw 3 then being in rotation.
  • shutter clovers (not shown) associated with the screw 80 to prevent the winding of materials around its axis and also acting as coulters.
  • the axis 4 of the screw 3 is hollow and receives freely, that is to say without friction and a fortiori without blocking, a shaft 100 carrying a screw thread 101 corresponding to the thread of the screw 3 and located in its extension.
  • a shaft 100 carrying a screw thread 101 corresponding to the thread of the screw 3 and located in its extension There is shown a simplified arrangement according to which there is no frustoconical sleeve 11 and, therefore, it is assumed that the thread of the screw 3 as the thread 101 have a constant diameter and are both equal. In reality, the thread 101 may correspond to the end of the screw 3 as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the screw 3 has only one thread, while the shaft 100 carries a second thread 102 of the same pitch and the two threads 101 and 102 are shaped at their end as has already been described for the screw 3 opposite of Figure 5, that is to say that they end in a common plane 103 substantially perpendicular to the axis of the assembly.
  • the shaft 100 has a peripheral groove 104 which extends over a certain length and which is engaged with a motor 105 of any type known per se to drive the shaft 100 in rotation when it is started.
  • the engine 105 When the mixture has to be compressed, the engine 105 is stopped only so that the shaft 100 is immobilized in rotation, unlike the axis 4 which continues to rotate, the mixture introduced into the hopper 1 continuing to be pushed from upstream to downstream. Simultaneously, the supply of the jack 106 is reversed so that its rod 107 is extracted and pushes the shaft 100.
  • the threads 101 and 102, by their co-planar parts 103 then act like a piston in the stationary capacity 14 and cause the pressing of the mixture as described above, the device being in the position shown in FIG. 12.
  • the cylinder 106 When the desired pressure is reached (and sensed, for example, by pressure gauges), the cylinder 106 is neutralized and the engine is restarted 105, still engaged with the groove 104 thanks to the length of the latter, but at a speed such that the shaft 100 rotates faster than the axis 4, and in the same direction, so that the threads 101 and 102 somehow "screw” into the mixture present behind them under the uninterrupted action of the thread 3, and rise axially until the shaft 100 has regained the position it occupies in FIG. 11.
  • the jack 106 is fed again to push the nets 101 e t 102 and the cycle begins again. It is noted that the drive of the shaft 100 by the motor 105 occurs regardless of the axial position of this shaft 100 and even during its sliding inside the axis 4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
  • Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)

Abstract

1. A method of separating, by pressing intimately combined liquid and solid fractions in the form of a heterogeneous mixture, such as for example, juices, pulps, kernels, pips stalks and vegetable elements of fruit such as harvested grapes, of the type in which a vessel (14) comprising sidewalls traversed by narrow passages (15) is charged in a so-called "upstream-downstream" direction via a so-called input end with heterogeneous mixture, then the infeed of mixture is interrupted, then a pressing action is induced by effecting a relative linear displacement between the vessel (14) and a non-rotary element (10-13, 103) forming a piston situated before the input end so that this element (10-13, 103) penetrates into the volume (14) from upstream to downstream, characterised in that an opposing retaining force, that is to say directed from downstream to upstream co-axially with the vessel (14), is engendered at its so-called outlet end opposite the preceding end and acting on the fractions of heterogeneous mixture fed in, which are thus agglomerated progressively into a cake of solid fractions, whilst forming an annular outlet space, also coaxial, whereupon after the pressing of the heterogeneous mixture simultaneously causing the emergence of at least a part of the liquid fractions through the walls of the vessel (14) and the discharge of a part of the cake of solid fractions through the outlet space, the relative linear displacement is then stopped, after which a renewed input of mixture is effected and its pressing in the vessel (14) is effected at a pressure matched to the value of the outlet retaining force and so on in successive cycles.

Description

On connaît depuis fort longtemps des pressoirs particulièrement adaptés à l'extraction de jus de fruits et qui comprennent une capacité à parois perforées dans laquelle les matières à presser sont introduites et comprimées au moyen d'une vis sans fin. Ce principe général connaît de nombreuses variantes, notamment dans la forme du moyeu de la vis sans fin et dans la forme de la capacité de compression elle-même. Quelles que soient ces variantes, tous les pressoirs de ce type présentent comme inconvénient majeur de provoquer une trituration de la matière à presser entre la périphérie de la vis centrale et les parois perforées de la capacité, car il se produit obligatoirement des frottements sur les spires de la vis et sur les parois perforées qui agissent comme une râpe.Presses have been known for a very long time, which are particularly suitable for extracting fruit juices and which include a capacity with perforated walls into which the materials to be pressed are introduced and compressed by means of an endless screw. This general principle knows many variations, in particular in the shape of the hub of the worm and in the shape of the compression capacity itself. Whatever these variants, all presses of this type have the major drawback of causing crushing of the material to be pressed between the periphery of the central screw and the perforated walls of the container, because there is necessarily friction on the turns of the screw and on the perforated walls which act as a grater.

Ces inconvénients sont très graves puisqu'ils entraînent la fragmentation de matières solides et l'écrasement de pépins ou de fractions herbacées, ce qui provoque un dégagement d'huile procurant un goût amer et donnant au jus extrait une astringence incompatible avec une bonne qualité.These drawbacks are very serious since they lead to the fragmentation of solid materials and the crushing of seeds or herbaceous fractions, which causes an evolution of oil giving a bitter taste and giving the extracted juice an astringency incompatible with good quality.

C'est ainsi que l'on connaît le document FR-A-74/09591 qui décrit un pressoir ayant une capacité de compression à parois perforées de forme cylindrique et une vis hélicoïdale centrale elle-même cylindrique mais dont le moyeu présente plusieurs parties de conicités différentes.Thus we know the document FR-A-74/09591 which describes a press having a compression capacity with perforated walls of cylindrical shape and a central helical screw itself cylindrical but whose hub has several parts of different conicities.

On connaît également le document FR-A-82/03408 qui décrit un pressoir ayant une première partie cylindrique et une deuxième partie tronconique, une- vis hélicofdale axiale présentant des spires elles- mêmes cylindriques sur un moyeu également cylindrique.Document FR-A-82/03408 is also known, which describes a press having a first cylindrical part and a second frustoconical part, an axial helical screw having turns themselves same cylindrical on an equally cylindrical hub.

Dans le document FR-A-83/05068 est décrit un pressoir présentant une capacité de compression ayant une première partie cylindrique, une deuxième partie tronconique raccordée à la première et une troisième partie également cylindrique raccordée à la partie tronconique, la vis hélicoïdale ayant toujours un contours cylindrique.Document FR-A-83/05068 describes a press having a compression capacity having a first cylindrical part, a second frustoconical part connected to the first and a third also cylindrical part connected to the frustoconical part, the helical screw always having a cylindrical outline.

On voit que dans tous les cas la pression exercée sur la matière est générée par la vis hélicoïdale rotative, source des inconvénients rappelés ci-dessus dont la gravité est telle qu'elle a provoqué l'interdiction des pressoirs de ce type pour la production de jus de raisin destiné à l'élaboration de Cognac.It can be seen that in all cases the pressure exerted on the material is generated by the rotary helical screw, the source of the drawbacks mentioned above, the gravity of which is such that it has caused the prohibition of presses of this type for the production of grape juice intended for the production of Cognac.

On a alors pensé à supprimer les triturations en rendant in- noffensive la vis hélicofdale tournant dans l'axe de la capacité de compression. A cet effet, la vis hélicoldale est montée mobile axialement tout en étant montée rotative dans le sens d'une poussée sur la matière. Quand cette vis rencontre une résistance prédéterminée, elle est reculée jusqu'à une position de départ puis, la rotation étant arrêtée, la vis est poussée axialement, sans tourner, sur la matière déjà pressée pendant que l'on admet de la matière fraîche à presser et le retrait de la vis se fait en l'entraînant en rotation dans le sens inverse de la poussée afin qu'elle se "dévisse" dans la matière fraîche, puis le cycle recommence.We then thought of eliminating the triturations by making the helical screw turning in the axis of the compression capacity harmless. To this end, the helical screw is mounted movable axially while being rotatably mounted in the direction of a thrust on the material. When this screw meets a predetermined resistance, it is moved back to a starting position then, the rotation being stopped, the screw is pushed axially, without turning, on the material already pressed while we admit fresh material to press and the screw is removed by driving it in rotation in the opposite direction to the push so that it "unscrews" in the fresh material, then the cycle begins again.

Ce dispositif apporte une amélioration par rapport aux pressoirs précédents mais présente encore un inconvénient important du fait que la pression s'exerce dans le même sens que l'introduction de la matière c'est-à-dire dans un sens dit "amont-aval" et qu'en outre cette pression est prédominante au centre de la capacité, la contre- pression obligatoire étant obtenue au moyen d'une porte placée en travers de l'extrémité de la capacité opposée à l'entrée de la matière à presser.This device provides an improvement over the previous presses but still has a significant drawback in that the pressure is exerted in the same direction as the introduction of the material, that is to say in a direction called "upstream-downstream" "and that, in addition, this pressure is predominant at the center of the capacity, the compulsory back pressure being obtained by means of a door placed across the end of the capacity opposite the entry of the material to be pressed.

Pour mémoire, on peut citer le pressoir qui comporte une capacité de compression dans laquelle se trouvent deux vis hélicoïdales à pas inversés sur chacune desquelles est fixé un plateau de la même section que la capacité et qui joue le rôle d'écrou lorsque l'on met la capacité en rotation, les vis étant maintenues fixes, car les plateaux se rapprochent pour presser la matière placée entre eux ou s'écartent pour la libérer selon le sens dans lequel on entraîne la capacité de compression.For the record, we can cite the press which has a compression capacity in which there are two helical screws with inverted pitch on each of which is fixed a plate of the same section that the capacity and which plays the role of nut when the capacity is rotated, the screws being kept fixed, because the plates approach to press the material placed between them or move away to release it according to the direction in which the compression capacity is trained.

Un pressoir de ce type, connu depuis de nombreuses années, a lui aussi un très mauvais rendement puisque la durée d'obtention d'une "pressée" est de trois heures et demie et ce temps provoque l'oxydation des tanins et de toutes les substances oxydables dont les arômes, le tout aboutissant à un jus sombre et sans goût ni odeur lorsque la matière à compresser est un raisin de vendange.A press of this type, known for many years, also has a very poor yield since the duration of obtaining a "press" is three and a half hours and this time causes the oxidation of the tannins and all oxidizable substances including aromas, all resulting in a dark juice without taste or odor when the material to be compressed is a grape.

On constate, par conséquent, que presser un mélange hétérogène est une opération difficile si l'on veut atteindre un bon rendement c'est-à-dire l'extraction d'au moins quatre vingt pour cent de fraction liquide pour vingt pour cent de fraction solide, le tout en obtenant une bonne qualité à un prix économique.It can therefore be seen that pressing a heterogeneous mixture is a difficult operation if a good yield is to be achieved, that is to say the extraction of at least eighty percent of liquid fraction for twenty percent of solid fraction, all while obtaining good quality at an economical price.

La présente invention apporte une solution constituant une amélioration considérable car elle prévoit la présence d'un bouclier conique qui permet une surpression en sortie d'une capacité de pressage, cette capacité étant rendue mobile par rapport à un piston fixe. On réalise de cette manière un ensemble qui évite toutes les agressions contre le mélange à presser et qui possède un excellent rendement.The present invention provides a solution constituting a considerable improvement since it provides for the presence of a conical shield which allows overpressure at the output of a pressing capacity, this capacity being made movable relative to a fixed piston. In this way, an assembly is produced which avoids all attacks against the mixture to be pressed and which has an excellent yield.

La présente invention, en outre, donne les moyens d'améliorer la répartition de la pression de travail dans la capacité en utilisant diverses variantes de réalisation des moyens qui provoquent cette pression.The present invention, moreover, provides the means to improve the distribution of the working pressure in the capacity by using various alternative embodiments of the means which cause this pressure.

A cette fin, l'invention a pour objet un procédé pour séparer par pressage des fractions liquides et solides intimement associées en un mélange hétérogène, comme le sont, par exemple, les jus, pulpes, noyaux, pépins, pédoncules et éléments végétaux de fruits tels que du raisin vendangé, caractérisé en ce que l'on remplit dans un sens dit "amont-aval", par une extrémité dite d'entrée, une capacité à parois latérales traversées de fins passages, avec du mélange hétérogène, puis que l'on interrompt l'arrivée de mélange, puis que l'on cause le pressage en produisant d'une part un mouvement relatif linéaire entre la capacité et une pièce non tournante formant piston située devant l'extrémité d'entrée pour que cette pièce pénètre d'amont en aval dans la capacité et d'autre part une force de retenue antagoniste, c'est-à-dire agissant dans le sens "aval-amont", coaxiale à la capacité, à l'extrémité de celle-ci dite de sortie opposée à la précédente tout en ménageant un espace de sortie annulaire, également coaxial, pour les fractions solides séparées des fractions liquides lors du pressage et ainsi agglomérées, puis qu'après pressage du mélange hétérogène provoquant simultanément la sortie d'au moins une partie des fractions liquides à travers les parois de la capacité et la sortie d'une partie des fractions solides par l'espace de sortie, on arrête le mouvement relatif linéaire, puis que l'on reprend l'entrée de mélange et son pressage dans la capacité selon une pression coordonnée à la valeur de la force de retenue de sortie et ainsi de suite.To this end, the subject of the invention is a method for separating by pressing liquid and solid fractions intimately associated into a heterogeneous mixture, as are, for example, the juices, pulps, pits, seeds, peduncles and plant elements of fruit such as grapes harvested, characterized in that one fills in a direction called "upstream-downstream", by a so-called entry end, a capacity with side walls traversed by fine passages, with heterogeneous mixture, then one interrupts the arrival of mixing, then one causes pressing by producing on the one hand a linear relative movement between the capacity and a non-workpiece rotating forming a piston located in front of the inlet end so that this part penetrates from upstream to downstream in the capacity and on the other hand an antagonistic retaining force, that is to say acting in the "downstream-upstream" direction ", coaxial with the capacity, at the end of the said outlet opposite to the previous one while providing an annular outlet space, also coaxial, for the solid fractions separated from the liquid fractions during pressing and thus agglomerated, then that after pressing the heterogeneous mixture simultaneously causing the exit of at least part of the liquid fractions through the walls of the capacity and the exit of part of the solid fractions by the exit space, the linear relative movement is stopped , then that we resume the mixing input and its pressing in the capacity according to a pressure coordinated with the value of the output holding force and so on.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques de ce procédé :

  • - pour causer le pressage on maintient immobile la capacité et l'on déplace la pièce formant piston dans le sens amont-aval selon un mouvement de coulissement axial par rapport à ladite capacité;
  • - on coordonne la pression dans la capacité et la force de retenue antagoniste pour établir dans ladite capacité une pression faiblement croissante depuis l'extrémité d'entrée jusqu'à une zone
  • .située au voisinage de l'extrémité de sortie, zone à partir de laquelle on provoque une nette augmentation de la force de retenue.
According to other characteristics of this process:
  • - To cause pressing, the capacity is kept stationary and the piston-forming part is moved in the upstream-downstream direction in an axial sliding movement relative to said capacity;
  • - the pressure in the capacity and the opposing retaining force are coordinated to establish in said capacity a slightly increasing pressure from the inlet end to a zone
  • .located in the vicinity of the outlet end, zone from which a marked increase in the retaining force is caused.

L'invention a également pour objet un dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte d'une part une capacité dont les parois latérales sont traversées de fins passages et qui présente deux extrémités opposées ouvertes, l'une "d'entrée" placée en regard d'une pièce formant piston et munie d'une ouverture pour l'entrée de mélange dans la capacité, et d'autre part un bouclier associé à l'autre extrémité dite "de sortie", l'ensemble capacité-bouclier étant monté mobile par rapport à la pièce formant piston afin de presser la matière entre le bouclier et la pièce formant piston, les fractions liquides devant traverser la capacité par des fins passages tandis que les fractions solides doivent être évacuées autour du bouclier.The invention also relates to a device for the implementation of this method, characterized in that it comprises on the one hand a capacity whose side walls are crossed by fine passages and which has two opposite open ends, the an "inlet" placed opposite a piston-forming part and provided an opening for the entry of mixture into the capacity, and on the other hand a shield associated with the other end called "outlet", the capacity-shield assembly being mounted movable relative to the part forming the piston so to press the material between the shield and the piston-forming part, the liquid fractions having to pass through the capacity by fine passages while the solid fractions must be evacuated around the shield.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques de ce dispositif :

  • - le bouclier est monté mobile élastiquement dans le sens longitudinal de la capacité afin de laisser subsister un passage annulaire coaxial plus ou moins grand pour la sortie des fractions solides, des moyens étant prévus pour provoquer un mouvement relatif linéaire entre la capacité et la pièce formant piston;
  • - la pièce formant piston est constituée par une paroi frontale d'une douille creuse qui est située à l'extrémité d'une cuve munie d'une trémie pour l'introduction de mélange hétérogène et qui est associée à une vis rotative axiale située en regard d'une ouverture traversant en son centre la paroi frontale de la douille, cette vis étant conformée pour présenter à son extrémité, au moins une partie substantiellement perpendiculaire à l'axe de la vis;
  • - la pièce formant piston est montée mobile, tandis que la capacité est immobile;
  • - la pièce formant piston est constituée par au moins un filet de vis indépendant et qui est relié cinématiquement à deux mécanismes distincts susceptibles de l'entraîner seul, respectivement en rotation et en translation axiale et dont l'extrémité est conformée pour présenter au moins une partie substantiellement perpendiculaire à son axe;
  • - l'axe de la vis est creux et est traversé librement par un arbre portant le filet de vis qui se trouve ainsi dans le prolongement de la vis, cet arbre étant relié aux mécanismes susceptibles de l'entraîner respectivement en rotation et en translation axiale, indépendamment de l'axe de la vis;
  • - la paroi frontale présente une ouverture centrale munie d'un clapet anti-retour;
  • - la capacité et/ou le bouclier ont des profils déformables;
  • - le profil de la capacité présente des courbures ou lignes brisées déformables avec ou moins un point d'inflexion;
  • - le profil du bouclier présente des courbures ou lignes brisées déformables avec au moins un point d'inflexion;
  • - les profils déformables sont susceptibles de présenter des parties soit convexes, soit concaves;
  • - il comporte un mécanisme de freinage disposé à la sortie de la capacité;
  • - le mécanisme de freinage est constitué par une jupe placée dans le prolongement de la capacité;
  • - le mécanisme de freinage comprend au moins une partie annulaire mobile en rotation et associée à des moyens susceptibles de l'entraîner de préférence à vitesse réglable;
  • - la partie annulaire comprend une couronne solidaire d'au moins une pièce intérieure de forme hélicordale à au moins une spire, le sens de rotation et le pas de la pièce hélicoïdale étant adaptés à l'évacuation des fractions solides et non à leur compression;
  • - la partie annulaire comprend une couronne solidaire d'ailettes hélicofdales intérieures;
  • - la capacité est associée, dans l'axe de cette dernière, à un évacuateur de fractions solides constitué par une vis dont le diamètre est avantageusement croissant dans le sens amont-aval, des moyens étant prévus pour provoquer un mouvement de rotation relatif entre la capacité et la vis;
  • - le bord extérieur de la vis est aigu;
  • - la capacité présente des nervures internes longitudinales;
  • - le bouclier -est de type filtrant, c'est-à-dire percé de trous pour le passage de fractions liquides;
  • - la section de la capacité et celle du bouclier est soit circulaire, soit polygonale.
According to other characteristics of this device:
  • - The shield is mounted movable elastically in the longitudinal direction of the capacity in order to leave a coaxial annular passage more or less large for the exit of the solid fractions, means being provided to cause a linear relative movement between the capacity and the forming part piston;
  • - the piston-forming part is constituted by a front wall of a hollow bushing which is situated at the end of a tank provided with a hopper for the introduction of heterogeneous mixture and which is associated with an axial rotary screw situated in look of an opening passing through the front wall of the sleeve in its center, this screw being shaped to present at its end, at least a part substantially perpendicular to the axis of the screw;
  • - The piston-forming part is mounted mobile, while the capacity is stationary;
  • - The piston-forming part is constituted by at least one independent screw thread and which is kinematically connected to two distinct mechanisms capable of driving it alone, respectively in rotation and in axial translation and the end of which is shaped to present at least one part substantially perpendicular to its axis;
  • - The axis of the screw is hollow and is crossed freely by a shaft carrying the screw thread which is thus in the extension of the screw, this shaft being connected to the mechanisms capable of driving it respectively in rotation and in axial translation , regardless of the axis of the screw;
  • - the front wall has a central opening provided with a non-return valve;
  • - the capacity and / or the shield have deformable profiles;
  • - the capacity profile has deformable curvatures or broken lines with or less an inflection point;
  • - the profile of the shield has curvatures or broken lines which are deformable with at least one point of inflection;
  • - the deformable profiles are likely to have either convex or concave parts;
  • - It includes a braking mechanism arranged at the outlet of the capacity;
  • - the braking mechanism consists of a skirt placed in the extension of the capacity;
  • - The braking mechanism comprises at least one annular part movable in rotation and associated with means capable of driving it preferably at adjustable speed;
  • - The annular part comprises a crown integral with at least one interior part of helical shape with at least one turn, the direction of rotation and the pitch of the helical part being adapted to the evacuation of solid fractions and not to their compression;
  • - The annular part comprises a crown integral with internal helical fins;
  • - the capacity is associated, in the axis of the latter, with a solid fraction evacuator constituted by a screw whose diameter is advantageously increasing in the upstream-downstream direction, means being provided to cause a relative rotational movement between the capacity and screw;
  • - the outer edge of the screw is sharp;
  • - the capacity has longitudinal internal ribs;
  • the shield is of the filtering type, that is to say pierced with holes for the passage of liquid fractions;
  • - the cross-section of the capacity and that of the shield is either circular or polygonal.

L'invention sera mieux comprise par la description détaillée ci-après faite en référence au dessin annexé. Bien entendu, la description et le dessin ne sont donnés qu'à titre d'exemple indicatif et non limitatif.

  • La figure 1 est un graphique montrant comment se répartit la pression agissant sur un mélange à presser et considérée longitudinalement, respectivement selon l'état de la technique et selon l'invention.
  • La figure 2 est un graphique montrant comment se répartit cette même pression considérée transversalement, respectivement selon l'état de la technique et selon l'invention.
  • La figure 3 montre schématiquement comment s'orientent les fractions solides pendant le pressage.
  • La figure 4 montre schématiquement comment s'orientent des fractions solides analogues à celles de la figure 3 mais, ici, dans un dispositif conforme à l'invention.
  • La figure 5 est une vue schématique en coupe longitudinale d'un dispositif mettant en oeuvre le procédé conforme à l'invention selon un premier mode de réalisation qui prévoit que la pression d'entrée est obtenue en déplaçant la capacité de pressage par rapport à une pièce formant piston et maintenue immobile.
  • Les figures 6 et 7 sont des vues schématiques en coupe montrant le dispositif de la figure 5 dans deux phases de fonctionnement.
  • La figure 8 est une vue schématique du dispositif des figures 5 à 7, considérée en coupe selon la ligne VIII-VIII de la figure 5.
  • La figure 9 est une vue schématique partielle montrant une variante de l'invention selon laquelle on prévoit un clapet de non retour entre la capacité de pressage et la cuve d'entrée.
  • La figure 10 est une vue schématique partielle montrant un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, selon lequel la force de retenue est créée par un bouclier à vis, jouant en outre le rôle d'évacuateur des fractions solides.
  • Les figures 11 et 12 sont deux vues schématiques partielles montrant, dans deux phases de fonctionnement, un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention selon lequel la pression d'entrée est obtenue en déplaçant une pièce formant piston par rapport à la capacité de pressage maintenue immobile.
  • Les figures 13 et 14 sont der vues schématiques partielles de deux variantes d'un mode de réalisation de l'invention selon lequel la zone correspondant à la sortie de la capacité ainsi que le bouclier de retenue sont susceptibles d'être déformés.
  • La figure 15 est une vue schématique transversale de l'aval vers l'amont de la capacité et montrant que cette dernière et le bouclier ont une section polygonale.
  • La figure 16 est une vue schématique partielle longitudinale, montrant un mécanisme de freinage fixe placé à la sortie de la capacité.
  • Les figures 17 et 18 sont des vues schématiques partielles longitudinales de deux variantes d'un mécanisme de freinage rotatif placé à la sortie de la capacité.
The invention will be better understood from the detailed description below made with reference to the accompanying drawing. Of course, the description and the drawing are given only by way of an indicative and nonlimiting example.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing how the pressure acting on a mixture to be pressed and viewed longitudinally is distributed, respectively according to the state of the art and according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing how this same pressure, distributed transversely, is distributed according to the state of the art and according to the invention, respectively.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows how the solid fractions orient themselves during pressing.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows how solid fractions similar to those of FIG. 3 are oriented, but here in a device according to the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of a device implementing the method according to the invention according to a first embodiment which provides that the inlet pressure is obtained by shifting the pressing capacity relative to a part forming a piston and kept immobile.
  • Figures 6 and 7 are schematic sectional views showing the device of Figure 5 in two operating phases.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the device of FIGS. 5 to 7, seen in section along the line VIII-VIII of FIG. 5.
  • Figure 9 is a partial schematic view showing a variant of the invention according to which a non-return valve is provided between the pressing capacity and the inlet tank.
  • FIG. 10 is a partial schematic view showing a second embodiment of the invention, according to which the retaining force is created by a screw shield, further playing the role of evacuator of the solid fractions.
  • Figures 11 and 12 are two partial schematic views showing, in two operating phases, another embodiment of the invention according to which the inlet pressure is obtained by moving a part forming a piston with respect to the pressing capacity kept stationary.
  • Figures 13 and 14 are der schematic partial views of two variants of an embodiment of the invention according to which the area corresponding to the output of the capacity as well as the retaining shield are liable to be deformed.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic transverse view from downstream to upstream of the capacity and showing that the latter and the shield have a polygonal section.
  • Figure 16 is a partial longitudinal schematic view showing a fixed braking mechanism placed at the outlet of the capacity.
  • Figures 17 and 18 are partial schematic longitudinal views of two variants of a rotary braking mechanism placed at the outlet of the capacity.

En se reportant à la figure 1, on voit comment varie la pression P1 issue de forces développées par divers mécanismes connus et agissant sur un mélange à presser, dans une capacité, dans le sens "amont-aval" d'un dispositif de pressage c'est-à-dire longitudinalement depuis l'entrée 0 jusqu'à la sortie X de ce dispositif.Referring to Figure 1, we see how the pressure P1 varies from forces developed by various known mechanisms and acting on a mixture to be pressed, in a capacity, in the "upstream-downstream" direction of a pressing device c '' i.e. longitudinally from input 0 to output X of this device.

La courbe A montre cette variation dans un dispositif connu : 1§ pression s'établit tout d'atord à l'entrée 0 à une valeur importante puis augmente encore et décroit régulièrement jusqu'à la sortie X où elle est minimale.Curve A shows this variation in a known device: 1§ pressure is immediately established at input 0 at a significant value then increases further and decreases regularly until output X where it is minimal.

La courbe B montre la variation de cette même pression P1 selon le procédé conforme à l'invention et l'on voit qu'à l'entrée 0 la pression P1 s'établit à une valeur relativement faible puis aug- mente régulièrement mais faiblement en restant ainsi pratiquement conforme jusqu'au voisinage de la sortie X où elle augmente d'une maniere importante pour atteindre sa valeur maximale.Curve B shows the variation of this same pressure P1 according to the process according to the invention and it can be seen that at input 0 the pressure P1 is established at a relatively low value then increases regularly but slightly in thus remaining practically compliant up to the vicinity of the output X where it increases significantly to reach its maximum value.

En comparant ces deux courbes, on constate que la répartition de la pression P1 considérée longitudinalement est pratiquement inverse dans un dispositif de type connu et selon le procédé conforme à l'invention puisque le maximum de la courbe A se situe au voisinage de l'entrée 0 et son minimum à la sortie X tandis que sur la courbe B on voit que la pression P1 a une valeur minimale à l'entrée 0 et maximale à la sortie X.By comparing these two curves, we see that the distribution of the pressure P1 considered longitudinally is practically opposite in a device of known type and according to the method according to the invention since the maximum of the curve A is located in the vicinity of the inlet 0 and its minimum at the outlet X while on curve B we see that the pressure P1 has a minimum value at input 0 and maximum at output X.

Sur la figure 2, on voit comment se répartit la pression P2 considérée cette fois-ci transversalement par rapport à un dispositif de pressage et l'on a indiqué par D1 l'extrémité d'un diamètre de ce dispositif et par D2 l'extrémité opposée du même diamètre.In FIG. 2, we see how the pressure P2 is distributed, considered this time transversely with respect to a pressing device and the end of a diameter of this device has been indicated by D1 and by D2 the end opposite of the same diameter.

La courbe C montre la répartition de la pression P2 dans un dispositif de type connu et l'on voit que la pression est maximale à la périphérie tandis qu'elle est minimale dans la partie centrale x.Curve C shows the distribution of the pressure P2 in a device of known type and it can be seen that the pressure is maximum at the periphery while it is minimum in the central part x.

La courbe D représente la répartition de la pression transversale P2 avec le procédé selon l'invention et l'on constate que cette courbe D est exactement inverse de la courbe C puisque la pression P2 a des valeurs minimales à la périphérie du dispositif et maximales dans la partie centrale x.Curve D represents the distribution of the transverse pressure P2 with the method according to the invention and it can be seen that this curve D is exactly the opposite of curve C since the pressure P2 has minimum values at the periphery of the device and maximum values in the central part x.

Sur la figure 3, on a montré les effets, dans un dispositif connu, de la pression P1 schématisée par une flèche et l'on constate que cette pression P1 s'exerce de l'entrée vers la sortie, c'est-à-dire dans le sens "amont-aval" et dans le même sens que l'entrée du mélange à presser symbolisée par deux flèches F1.In FIG. 3, we have shown the effects, in a known device, of the pressure P1 shown diagrammatically by an arrow and it can be seen that this pressure P1 is exerted from the inlet to the outlet, that is to say say in the "upstream-downstream" direction and in the same direction as the entry of the mixture to be pressed, symbolized by two arrows F1.

On a également schématisé l'orientation générale d'éléments solides qui, en cours d'opération de pressage, sont, dans la partie centrale de ce dispositif, perpendiculaires à la pression P1 tandis qu'ils s'inclinent progressivement vers la périphérie où ils se trouvent pratiquement dans une direction parallèle à celle de la pression P1, c'est-à-dire perpendiculaires aux passages radiaux du dispositif de pressage, orientation dans laquelle ils obturent positivement les orifices des parois et s'opposent au passage des fractions liquides.We have also schematized the general orientation of solid elements which, during the pressing operation, are, in the central part of this device, perpendicular to the pressure P1 while they gradually tilt towards the periphery where they are located practically in a direction parallel to that of the pressure P1, that is to say perpendicular to the radial passages of the pressing device, orientation in which they positively seal the orifices of the walls and oppose the passage of the liquid fractions.

La figure 4 est un schéma analogue à celui de la figure 3 mais correspondant à la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention. On voit qu'une force de retenue F2 est créée au centre du dispositif et à la sortie de celui-ci et est dirigée dans le sens opposé à celui de la flèche F1 indiquant le sens dans lequel le mélange à presser est introduit dans le dispositif. Cette force de retenue F2 provient de la présence d'un bouclier conique central situé à la sort-le du dispositif.Figure 4 is a diagram similar to that of Figure 3 but corresponding to the implementation of the method according to the invention. It can be seen that a retaining force F2 is created at the center of the device and at its exit and is directed in the direction opposite to that of the arrow F1 indicating the direction in which the mixture to be pressed is introduced into the device . This retaining force F2 comes from the presence of a central conical shield located at the exit of the device.

Ici donc, contrairement à ce qui est connu, la direction de la force F2 est opposée à la direction de la flèche F1, puisqu'il s'agit d'une force de retenue. On pourrait penser que cette force de retenue est directement issue de la résistance qu'oppose le bouclier contral mais la réalité est plus complexe car, après une phase de démarrage initial, les fractions solides s'accumulent en "gâteau" ou "boudin" devant le bouclier et le mélange à presser est comprimé non pas directement sur le bouclier mais sur le gâteau. Dans un pressoir de matières végétales, on est donc en présence de deux états du mélange à presser : à l'entrée, le mélange est à l'état naturel et à la sortie les matières sèches (ou pseudo-sèches) sont fortement comprimées et dures. Entre ces deux états extrêmes, se trouvent des états intermédiaires. La force de retenue F2 et la pression P1 sont bien antagonistes, selon le procédé conforme à l'invention, mais la force de retenue F2 est provoquée par la résistance de sortie du gâteau. Bien entendu, cette résistance vient de la présence du bouclier mais celui-ci n'agit contre la pression P1 qu'indirectement, avec interposition du gâteau.Here therefore, contrary to what is known, the direction of the force F2 is opposite to the direction of the arrow F1, since it is a retaining force. One might think that this retaining force comes directly from the resistance opposed by the contral shield, but the reality is more complex because, after an initial start-up phase, the solid fractions accumulate in "cake" or "roll" in front the shield and the mixture to be pressed is compressed not directly on the shield but on the cake. In a vegetable matter press, there are therefore two states of the mixture to be pressed: at the inlet, the mixture is in its natural state and at the outlet the dry (or pseudo-dry) matters are strongly compressed and hard. Between these two extreme states are intermediate states. The retaining force F2 and the pressure P1 are indeed antagonistic, according to the method according to the invention, but the retaining force F2 is caused by the exit resistance of the cake. Of course, this resistance comes from the presence of the shield, but it only acts against the pressure P1 indirectly, with the interposition of the cake.

Il résulte de cette disposition schématisée par ailleurs sur la figure 2, que la pression P1 ayant une valeur maximale au centre et minimale à la périphérie, les particules solides restent pratiquement orientées perpendiculairement à la force F2, y compris à la périphérie, de sorte qu'elles sont orientées dans le sens le plus favorable à l'extraction des fractions liquides.It follows from this arrangement shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2, that the pressure P1 having a maximum value in the center and minimum at the periphery, the solid particles remain practically oriented perpendicular to the force F2, including at the periphery, so that 'They are oriented in the direction most favorable to the extraction of liquid fractions.

En se reportant maintenant à la figure 5, on voit un exemple de la structure d'un dispositif mettant en oeuvre le procédé conforme à l'invention.Referring now to Figure 5, we see an example of the structure of a device implementing the method according to the invention.

Ce dispositif comprend une trémie 1 pour le chargement d'un mélange hétérogène et dans la description qui suit on prendra comme exemple le raisin vendangé devant être pressé pour donner un jus aussi clair que possible procurant, après traitement tel que fermentation ou distillation, une boisson alcoolisée, notamment vin ou encore du Cognac.This device includes a hopper 1 for loading a heterogeneous mixture and in the following description we will take as an example the grapes harvested to be pressed to give a juice as clear as possible providing, after treatment such as fermentation or distillation, a drink alcoholic, especially wine or Cognac.

La trémie 1 débouche dans une cuve 2 en forme d'auget, c'est-à-dire à fond de section circulaire et à parois planes divergentes. Dans cette cuve 2 s'étend une vis sans fin 3 dont l'axe 4 est maintenu par un palier 5 et est relié à un moteur de mise en rotation 6.The hopper 1 opens into a tank 2 in the shape of a bucket, that is to say with a bottom of circular section and with divergent planar walls. In this tank 2 extends an endless screw 3, the axis 4 of which is held by a bearing 5 and is connected to a motor for rotating 6.

Les parois de la trémie 1 et de la cuve 2 sont perforées afin de laisser passer les jus d'égouttage recueillis par une enveloppe 7 qui entoure la trémie 1 et la cuve 2 et qui possède un orifice d'évacuation 8.The walls of the hopper 1 and of the tank 2 are perforated in order to allow the dripping juices collected to pass through an envelope 7 which surrounds the hopper 1 and the tank 2 and which has a discharge orifice 8.

A son extrémité opposée à celle qui est proche du moteur 6, la vis 3 comporte un second filet 9, de même pas que le filet principal et qui se termine en étant diamétralement opposé à celui-ci et tous deux dans un plan 10 perpendiculaire à l'axe 4, dans le but de former un obstacle au retour de mélange dans la cuve 2, de l'aval vers l'amont, comme on l'explicitera plus loin.At its end opposite to that which is close to the motor 6, the screw 3 comprises a second thread 9, just like the main thread and which ends in being diametrically opposite to it and both in a plane 10 perpendicular to axis 4, in order to form an obstacle to the return of mixture in the tank 2, from downstream to upstream, as will be explained below.

On note que le diamètre de la vis 3 est constant à l'intérieur de la cuve 2 et diminue au droit d'une douille 11 dont l'intérieur est tronconique et qui présente ainsi un passage central circulaire 12 de diamètre inférieur à la section de la cuve 2 et une partie annulaire 11 co-planaire avec le plan 10, cet ensemble devant jouer le rôle de piston.It is noted that the diameter of the screw 3 is constant inside the tank 2 and decreases in line with a socket 11 whose interior is frustoconical and which thus has a circular central passage 12 of diameter less than the cross-section of the tank 2 and an annular part 11 co-planar with the plane 10, this assembly having to play the role of piston.

On pourrait aussi prévoir une partie centrale pleine autour de laquelle un passage annulaire serait ménagé pour le transfert du mélange par la vis 3.A solid central part could also be provided around which an annular passage would be provided for the transfer of the mixture by the screw 3.

En regard de la douille 11, se trouve une capacité 14 de forme tronconique dont la petite base est proche de la douille 11 et constitue l'entrée de la capacité 14 et dont la grande base, opposée à la précédente, constitue la sortie des fractions solides. En d'au-Next to the socket 11, there is a capacity 14 of frustoconical shape whose small base is close to the socket 11 and constitutes the inlet of the capacity 14 and whose large base, opposite to the previous one, constitutes the outlet of the fractions solid. In addition

tres termes, le diamètre de la capacité 14 augmente dans le sens "amont-aval" c'est-à-dire dans le sens de l'entrée du mélange vers la sortie des fractions solides.very words, the diameter of the capacity 14 increases in the "upstream-downstream" direction, that is to say in the direction of the entry of the mixture towards the exit of the solid fractions.

Les parois de la capacité 14 sont perforées afin qu'elles puissent être traversées par les fractions liquides séparées des fractions solides introduites et pressées dans la capacité 14.The walls of capacity 14 are perforated so that the liquid fractions separated from the solid fractions introduced and pressed into capacity 14 can pass therethrough.

Sur les figures 5 à 7, on a représenté les perforations de la capacité 14 sous forme de fentes 15 résultant d'intervalles entre des parties pleines 16 maintenues entre elles par des renforts circulaires extérieurs 17 donnant à l'ensemble la rigidité d'une structure complète. Dans la pratique, on peut utiliser une structure différente, en particulier une grille en tôle perforée à ouvertures oblongues de grand axe parallèle à l'axe de la capacité 14, cette grille étant de type connu en soi. On sait que dans ce cas la grille doit être maintenue rigidement dans le sens radial pour résister à la poussée du mélange pressé et, à cette fin, on peut utiliser des renforts du type de ceux représentés ici, 17.In FIGS. 5 to 7, the perforations of the capacity 14 are shown in the form of slots 15 resulting from intervals between solid parts 16 held together by external circular reinforcements 17 giving the assembly the rigidity of a structure complete. In practice, a different structure can be used, in particular a grid made of perforated sheet metal with oblong openings of major axis parallel to the axis of the capacity 14, this grid being of the type known per se. We know that in this case the grid must be held rigidly in the radial direction to resist the thrust of the pressed mixture and, for this purpose, reinforcements of the type of those shown here, 17 can be used.

La capacité 14 comprend un prolongement cylindrique 18 dont le diamètre intérieur correspond au diamètre extérieur de la douille 11 en prévoyant l'interposition de jonts et/ou d'organes facilitant le coulissement du prolongement 18 sur la douille 11, ou évitant les effets des frottements métal contre métal, ces éléments étant désignés globalement par la référence 19.The capacity 14 includes a cylindrical extension 18, the internal diameter of which corresponds to the external diameter of the sleeve 11 by providing for the interposition of joints and / or members facilitating the sliding of the extension 18 on the sleeve 11, or avoiding the effects of friction. metal against metal, these elements being generally designated by the reference 19.

Sur l'ensemble fixe trémie 1-cuve 2-enveloppe 7 est fixée une bride extérieure 22 à laquelle sont assujettis deux profilés longitudinaux 23 et 24.On the fixed hopper 1-tank 2-casing 7 assembly is fixed an external flange 22 to which two longitudinal sections 23 and 24 are subjected.

Sur les renforts circulaires 17 de la capacité 14, sont fixés des longerons 25 et 26 supportant des profilés 27 et 28 s'étendant à l'intérieur des profilés 23 et 24.On the circular reinforcements 17 of the capacity 14, beams 25 and 26 are fixed supporting profiles 27 and 28 extending inside the profiles 23 and 24.

Entre les profilés 23 et 27 d'une part, 24 et 28 d'autre part aant interposés des galets rotatifs 29 assurant le guidage sans frottement des profilés intérieurs 27 et 28 dans les profilés extérieurs 23 et 24.Between the sections 23 and 27 on the one hand, 24 and 28 on the other hand having interposed rotary rollers 29 ensuring the guiding without friction of the internal sections 27 and 28 in the external sections 23 and 24.

Des vérins 30 et 31 sont prévus à l'intérieur des profilés 27 et 28 afin de pouvoir déplacer la capacité 14 par rapport aux parties co-planaires 10 et 11 formant piston..Cylinders 30 and 31 are provided inside the profiles 27 and 28 in order to be able to move the capacity 14 relative to the co-planar parts 10 and 11 forming the piston.

A cet effet, le corps 32 du vérin 30 est fixé par un oeuillet 33 et un flasque 34 au profilé 23 tandis que la tige 35 du vérin 30 est reliée par un oeuillet 36 et un flasque 37 au profilé 27.To this end, the body 32 of the actuator 30 is fixed by an eyelet 33 and a flange 34 to the profile 23 while the rod 35 of the actuator 30 is connected by an eyelet 36 and a flange 37 to the profile 27.

Symétriquement, le corps 38 du vérin 31 est fixé par un oeillet 38 et un flasque 40 au profilé 24 tandis que la tige 41 de ce vérin 30 est fixée par un oeillet 42 et un flasque 43 au profilé 28.Symmetrically, the body 38 of the jack 31 is fixed by an eyelet 38 and a flange 40 to the profile 24 while the rod 41 of this jack 30 is fixed by an eyelet 42 and a flange 43 to the profile 28.

Les vérins 30 et 31 sont du type à double effet et comportent donc des entrées de fluide respectivement 44-45 et 46-47 contrôlées par des électro-vannes, ainsi que cela est connu en soi, pour provoquer l'extraction des tiges 35 et 41 ou leur rétraction.The cylinders 30 and 31 are of the double-acting type and therefore have fluid inlets 44-45 and 46-47 respectively controlled by solenoid valves, as is known per se, to cause the extraction of the rods 35 and 41 or their retraction.

L'extrémité aval de la capacité 14 est entièrement ouverte et permet la mise en place d'un bouclier conique central 50 associé à des coutres radiaux 51 et solidaire d'une tige axiale 52 montée coulissante dans un guide 53.The downstream end of the capacity 14 is entirely open and allows the establishment of a central conical shield 50 associated with radial coulters 51 and integral with an axial rod 52 slidably mounted in a guide 53.

Le bouclier 50 est associé à un losange articulé 54 dont deux sommets opposés 55 et 56 sont reliés à un vérin 57, respectivement au corps 58 et à la tige 59 de celui-ci, tandis que les deux autres sommets opposés 60 et 61 sont reliés respectivement à un point fixe et à la tige 52.The shield 50 is associated with an articulated diamond 54 of which two opposite vertices 55 and 56 are connected to a jack 57, respectively to the body 58 and to the rod 59 thereof, while the other two opposite vertices 60 and 61 are connected respectively at a fixed point and at the rod 52.

Ce vérin 57 contient un fluide sous pression et joue le rôle d'un amortisseur et il est avantageux de pouvoir régler la section de passage d'une entrée 62 et d'une sortie 63, par tout moyen connu, pour ajuster la valeur de la résistance que le vérin 57 oppose aux efforts exercés sur lui par le bouclier conique 50, lui-même soumis à la poussée du mélange.This jack 57 contains a pressurized fluid and acts as a shock absorber and it is advantageous to be able to adjust the passage section of an inlet 62 and an outlet 63, by any known means, to adjust the value of the resistance that the jack 57 opposes to the forces exerted on it by the conical shield 50, itself subjected to the thrust of the mixture.

Le guide 53 est fixé à une traverse 64 réunissant deux supports 65 et 66 solidaires de la capacité 14.The guide 53 is fixed to a crosspiece 64 joining two supports 65 and 66 integral with the capacity 14.

Le fonctionnement du dispositif qui vient d'être décrit est le suivant :

  • On introduit- dans la trémie 1 le mélange à séparer selon la flèche F3 (figure 6), de sorte qu'il tombe dans la cuve 2 où il s'égoutte, et entre les spires de la vis 3, celle-ci étant entraînée en rotation par le moteur 6 pour déplacer le mélange d'amont en aval et l'introduire dans la capacité 14 par l'ouverture centrale 12.
The operation of the device which has just been described is as follows:
  • The mixture to be separated is introduced into the hopper 1 according to the arrow F3 (Figure 6), so that it falls into the tank 2 where it drips, and between the turns of the screw 3, the latter being rotated by the motor 6 to move the upstream mixture downstream and introduce it into the capacity 14 through the central opening 12.

On remarque que la rotation de la vis 3 ne provoque pas de pression importante mais un simple tassement dû à la forme tronconique interne de la douille 11.It is noted that the rotation of the screw 3 does not cause significant pressure but a simple compaction due to the internal frustoconical shape of the sleeve 11.

Lorsque le mélange atteint la capacité 14, il remplit celle-ci de manière naturelle au fur et à mesure que de nouvelles fractions de mélange sont introduites dans la capacité 14 par la vis sans fin 3.When the mixture reaches capacity 14, it fills it naturally as new fractions of mixture are introduced into capacity 14 by the worm 3.

Au moment du remplissage, on a commandé les vérins 30 et 31 pour que la capacité 14 soit dans la position représentée sur la figure 6 selon laquelle la partie cylindrique 18 coiffe entièrement la douille 11 de sorte que la capacité 14 a un volume minimum.At the time of filling, the jacks 30 and 31 were ordered so that the capacity 14 is in the position shown in FIG. 6 according to which the cylindrical part 18 completely covers the sleeve 11 so that the capacity 14 has a minimum volume.

Dans cette - position, on a annulé les pressions dans les conduites de fluide sous pression 44, 45, 46 et 47, afin que les vérins 30 et 31 soient neutres.In this - position, the pressures in the pressurized fluid lines 44, 45, 46 and 47 have been released so that the cylinders 30 and 31 are neutral.

La capacité 14 se déplace d'amont en aval sous l'effet de l'arrivée du mélange qui la pousse, ce "recul" de la capacité faisant place à de nouvelles arrivées de mélange. On doit noter qu'il ne se produit ici qu'une simple poussée et non une compression puisque la capacité 14 se déplace sans effort et puisqu'aucune force n'est développée à l'encontre de l'arrivée de mélange. Quand la capacité 14 arrive en bout de course, on commande l'admission de fluide sous pression dans les vérins 30 et 31 par les entrées 44 et 46, afin de déplacer la capacité 14 dans le sens des flèches F5 (figure 7), vers sa position de volume minimum, ce qui a pour effet d'entraîner dans le même sens le bouclier 50 par les supports 65 et 66 et par la traverse 64, la partie cylindrique 18 coulissant sur la partie extérieure cylindrique de la douille 11.The capacity 14 moves from upstream to downstream under the effect of the arrival of the mixture which pushes it, this "decline" in the capacity giving way to new arrivals of mixture. It should be noted that here there is only a simple push and not a compression since the capacity 14 moves effortlessly and since no force is developed against the arrival of the mixture. When the capacity 14 reaches the end of its travel, the admission of pressurized fluid into the jacks 30 and 31 is controlled by the inputs 44 and 46, in order to move the capacity 14 in the direction of the arrows F5 (FIG. 7), towards its position of minimum volume, which has the effect of driving the shield 50 in the same direction by the supports 65 and 66 and by the cross-member 64, the cylindrical part 18 sliding on the cylindrical external part of the sleeve 11.

Pour sa part, le vérin 57 agit dans le sens du rapprochement des sommets 55 et 56 du losange 57, c'est-à-dire de l'écartement des sommets 60 et 61, la tige 52 ayant ainsi tendance à pousser le bouclier 50 vers l'intérieur de la capacité 14, dans le sens aval-amont. Le bouclier 50 s'oppose ainsi à la libre sortie du mélange.For its part, the jack 57 acts in the direction of bringing together the vertices 55 and 56 of the diamond 57, that is to say the spacing of the vertices 60 and 61, the rod 52 thus tending to push the shield 50 towards the interior of the capacity 14, in the downstream-upstream direction. The shield 50 thus opposes the free exit of the mixture.

Le déplacement de la capacité 14 par rapport à la douille fixe 11 provoque donc la compression du mélange entre d'une part la paroi 13 et le plan 10 co-planaires et d'autre part le bouclier central 50 avec interposition du gâteau dense déjà constitué. La paroi 13 et le plan 10 constituent en quelque sorte un piston sur lequel le mélange est pressé grâce à l'action des vérins 30 et 31, cette pression provoquant la sortie des fractions liquides par les fentes 15 de la capacité 14 tandis que les fractions solides s'accumulent en un gâteau dense vers l'aval de la capacité 14. Quand le gâteau atteint un degré de sécheresse déterminé par le réglage de la pression dans le vérin 57, il est forcé contre les coutres 51 qui le fragmentent en parties qui sortent du dispositif selon les flèches F6, par le passage annulaire.The displacement of the capacity 14 relative to the fixed socket 11 therefore causes the compression of the mixture between on the one hand the wall 13 and the co-planar plane 10 and on the other hand the central shield 50 with interposition of the dense cake already formed . The wall 13 and the plane 10 constitute in a way a piston on which the mixture is pressed thanks to the action of the jacks 30 and 31, this pressure causing the exit of the liquid fractions by the slots 15 of the capacity 14 while the fractions solids accumulate in a dense cake downstream of the capacity 14. When the cake reaches a degree of dryness determined by the adjustment of the pressure in the jack 57, it is forced against the coulters 51 which fragment it into parts which exit the device according to arrows F6, through the annular passage.

De son côté, le bouclier 50 subit deux forces antagonistes : la poussée du gâteau dans le sens des flèches F4 (figure 6) et la résistance du vérin 57. Quand les fractions solides du mélange, après extraction des fractions liquides, se sont agglomérées en gâteau, celui-ci agit fortement sur le bouclier 50 qui peut reculer à l'encontre du vérin 57, jusqu'à ce que s'établisse un équilibre déterminé par le réglage de la pression dans le vérin 57. Quand la poussée du gâteau augmente, le bouclier 50 recule un peu et, compte tenu de sa forme, agrandit corrélativement la section de passage offerte à la sortie des fractions solides, section déterminée par la largeur du passage annulaire qui subsiste entre l'extérieur du cône 50 et l'intérieur de la capacié 14.For its part, the shield 50 undergoes two opposing forces: the pushing of the cake in the direction of the arrows F4 (FIG. 6) and the resistance of the jack 57. When the solid fractions of the mixture, after extraction of the liquid fractions, have agglomerated into cake, it acts strongly on the shield 50 which can retreat against the jack 57, until a balance is established determined by the adjustment of the pressure in the jack 57. When the thrust of the cake increases , the shield 50 moves back a little and, given its shape, correlatively enlarges the passage section offered at the outlet of the solid fractions, section determined by the width of the annular passage which remains between the outside of the cone 50 and the inside capacity 14.

Il en résulte une régulation de la pression résultante exercée sur le mélange, à partir du réglage opéré sur le vérin 57 et grâce auquel on peut moduler l'action de pressage pour obtenir le pourcentage de fraction liquide désiré par rapport aux fractions solides. En d'autres termes, la position du bouclier 50 détermine la section de passage, l'intensité de la force de retenue et le taux d'humidité résiduelle dans le gâteau, c'est-à-dire la valeur de la "pressée".This results in a regulation of the resulting pressure exerted on the mixture, from the adjustment made on the jack 57 and by which one can modulate the pressing action to obtain the desired percentage of liquid fraction relative to the solid fractions. In other words, the position of the shield 50 determines the section passage, the intensity of the retaining force and the rate of residual moisture in the cake, that is to say the value of the "pressed".

Pour amortir les efforts transmis au vérin 57 par le bouclier 50, et notamment les vibrations et les chocs, on peut intercaler un ressort 67 convenablement taré sur la tige 52, entre la face arrière 50a du bouclier 50 et le guide fixe 53 (figure 5).To absorb the forces transmitted to the jack 57 by the shield 50, and in particular the vibrations and shocks, it is possible to insert a spring 67 suitably calibrated on the rod 52, between the rear face 50a of the shield 50 and the fixed guide 53 (FIG. 5 ).

On remarque que la compression du mélange à l'intérieur de la capacité 14 est obtenue par un simple mouvement linéaire dans lequel la vis 3 n'intervient aucunement par sa fonction rotative puisque d'une part elle est arrêtée pendant la phase de pression et que d'autre part le mélange de la capacité 14 ne l'atteint pratiquement pas grâce au plan 10. Il faut remarquer qu'avec ce mode de réalisation, la pression n'est pas exercée d'amont en aval mais d'aval en amont, selon les flèches F5.It is noted that the compression of the mixture inside the capacity 14 is obtained by a simple linear movement in which the screw 3 does not intervene in any way by its rotary function since on the one hand it is stopped during the pressure phase and that on the other hand the mixture of the capacity 14 practically does not reach it thanks to the plane 10. It should be noted that with this embodiment, the pressure is not exerted from upstream to downstream but from downstream to upstream , according to arrows F5.

La vis sans fin 3 ne joue donc ici exclusivement que le rôle d'un mécanisme de transport de matière et pourrait, par conséquent, être remplacée par tout autre dispositif si celui-ci s'avérait plus pratique qu'une vis sans fin.The endless screw 3 therefore only plays here the role of a material transport mechanism and could therefore be replaced by any other device if it turns out to be more practical than a worm.

Grâce à la forme tronconique de la capacité 14 le mélange se déplace d'amont en aval, de la petite base vers la grande, ce qui supprime le phénomène de râpe et de frottement et ce qui permet un meilleur écoulement du mélange ainsi que l'absence totale de trituration, les particules solides s'orientant comme représenté sur la figure 4, ainsi qu'on l'a expliqué plus haut. Bien entendu, la section de la capacité 14 pourrait être autre que circulaire, par exem- DIe ovale.Thanks to the frustoconical shape of the capacity 14 the mixture moves from upstream to downstream, from the small base to the large, which eliminates the phenomenon of rasp and friction and which allows a better flow of the mixture as well as the total absence of trituration, the solid particles being oriented as shown in FIG. 4, as explained above. Of course, the section of the tank 14 could be other than circular, for exam- D Ie oval.

L'augmentation de la pression schématisée par la courbe B de la figure 1 est obtenue par le bouclier conique 50 et le vérin 57 qui lui est associé. Les formes et dimensions du bouclier 50 peuvent être captées à des conditions d'usage différentes. Dans tous les cas, le bauclier 50 étant situé dans l'axe du dispositif, c'est bien au cen- tre que la pression P1 est la plus forte et c'est bien vers la périphérie qu'elle diminue puisque la sortie est de forme annulaire.The increase in pressure shown diagrammatically by curve B in FIG. 1 is obtained by the conical shield 50 and the jack 57 which is associated with it. The shapes and dimensions of the shield 50 can be captured under different conditions of use. In all cases, the shield 50 being located in the axis of the device, it is in the center that the pressure P1 is the highest and it is indeed towards the periphery that it decreases since the outlet is annular shape.

Les différentes possibilités d'intervention tant dans le dimensionnement d'origine que dans les réglages en cours de fonctionnement, permettent une répartition homogène et croissante des forces de compression, répartition qui évite l'éclatement des particules solides et l'emprisonnement des jus dans-les matières solides, grâce à quoi on peut mettre en oeuvre des pressions plus basses que celles qui sont nécessaires avec les dispositifs connus.The different possibilities of intervention both in the original dimensioning and in the adjustments during operation, allow a homogeneous and increasing distribution of the compressive forces, distribution which prevents the bursting of solid particles and the trapping of the juices in it. solids, whereby lower pressures can be used than are necessary with known devices.

En donnant au cône 50 une forme assez éfilée à partir de son sommet puis en augmentant nettement l'évasement, comme cela est représenté sur la figure 5, on obtient une section de passage qui dé- croft progressivement puis plus brusquement, ce qui crée corrélativement une force de retenue augmentant faiblement puis plus fortement pour provoquer une extraction efficace des fractions liquides en fin de cycle.By giving the cone 50 a fairly tapered shape from its top and then clearly increasing the flare, as shown in Figure 5, we obtain a passage section which decreases gradually and then more suddenly, which creates correlatively a retaining force increasing slightly and then more strongly to cause efficient extraction of the liquid fractions at the end of the cycle.

On module ainsi l'assèchement du mélange selon la pression qui règne dans le vérin 57 et, donc, selon la force de retenue du bouclier 50.The drying of the mixture is thus modulated according to the pressure which prevails in the jack 57 and, therefore, according to the retaining force of the shield 50.

Naturellement, les différentes fonctions peuvent être assurées au moyen d'une centrale de commande automatique informée à partir de butées de fin de course, de contacteurs, de palpeurs, de manomètres etc.Naturally, the various functions can be ensured by means of an automatic control center informed from limit switches, contactors, probes, pressure gauges, etc.

Pour éviter tout retour de mélange de la capacité 14 vers la cuve 2 lorsque la capacité 14 est déplacée dans le sens des flèches F5, on peut prévoir un clapet de non retour comme cela est représenté sur la figure 9.To avoid any return of mixing of the capacity 14 towards the tank 2 when the capacity 14 is moved in the direction of the arrows F5, a non-return valve can be provided as shown in FIG. 9.

On a représenté schématiquement sur cette figure la douille 11 et sa partie frontale 13 ainsi que son passage central 12 par lequel le mélange est introduit dans la capacité 14.The bush 11 and its front part 13 as well as its central passage 12 by which the mixture is introduced into the capacity 14 are shown diagrammatically in this figure.

Le clapet de non retour est composé d'un obturateur 70 de diamètre équivalent à celui du passage 12 et muni de reliefs périphériques 71 par lesquels il bute contre la partie frontale 13 lorsqu'il reçoit une pression dirigée dans le sens des flèches F5, position dans laquelle le passage 12 est totalement obturé.The non-return valve is composed of a shutter 70 of diameter equivalent to that of passage 12 and provided with peripheral reliefs 71 by which it abuts against the front part 13 when it receives a pressure directed in the direction of the arrows F5, position in which the passage 12 is completely closed.

L'obturateur 70 est coiffé par une pièce de retenue 72 comprenant des bras 73 fixés à la partie 13 et courbés vers un centre commun 74 contre lequel l'obturateur 70 se place en butée lorsqu'il reçoit une pression dirigée dans le sens des flèches F4, c'est-à-dire lorsque la vis 3 est mise en rotation et qu'elle pousse le mélange à travers le passage central 12.The shutter 70 is capped by a retaining piece 72 comprising arms 73 fixed to the part 13 and curved towards a common center 74 against which the shutter 70 is placed in abutment when it receives a pressure directed in the direction of the arrows F4, that is to say when the screw 3 is rotated and pushes the mixture through the central passage 12.

Sur la figure 10, on a représenté une variante des moyens mis en oeuvre pour assurer l'évacuation des fractions solides.In Figure 10, there is shown a variant of the means used to ensure the evacuation of solid fractions.

On remarque que le bouclier conique 50 est supprimé et remplacé par une vis sans fin centrale 80 de diamètre croissant dans le sens amont-aval et solidaire d'un arbre 81 monté rotatif dans un palier de retenue 82 et relié à un mécanisme de mise en mouvement de tout type connu tel qu'un moto-réducteur 83.Note that the conical shield 50 is removed and replaced by a central endless screw 80 of increasing diameter in the upstream-downstream direction and secured to a shaft 81 rotatably mounted in a retaining bearing 82 and connected to a setting mechanism. movement of any known type such as a gear motor 83.

Lorsque la vis 80 est maintenue immobile, elle ne laisse subsister qu'un passage hélicofdal étroit et fortement résistant qui s'oppose à la sortie des fractions solides agglomérées en gâteau. Pour assurer la sortie convenable de ces fractions solides, il faut donc entratner la vis 80 en rotation mais dans le sens inverse de celui qui provoquerait une compression et elle constitue en réalité un évacuateur des fractions solides quand le mélange est mis sous pression par un mouvement de translation, comme on l'a décrit précédemment.When the screw 80 is held stationary, it leaves only a narrow and strongly resistant helical passage which opposes the exit of the solid fractions agglomerated into a cake. To ensure the proper outlet of these solid fractions, it is therefore necessary to drive the screw 80 in rotation but in the opposite direction to that which would cause compression and it in reality constitutes an evacuator of the solid fractions when the mixture is pressurized by a movement of translation, as described above.

L'évacuation des fractions solides peut être modulée en jouant sur la vitesse de la vis 80 pour assurer un ajustement très précis et une adéquation excellente du dispositif et du mélange dont on dispose en toutes circonstances.The evacuation of the solid fractions can be modulated by varying the speed of the screw 80 to ensure a very precise adjustment and an excellent suitability of the device and of the mixture which is available in all circumstances.

Le pourcentage de fractions solides par rapport aux fractions liquides évacuées dépend donc de la vitesse de rotation de la vis 80.The percentage of solid fractions relative to the liquid fractions discharged therefore depends on the speed of rotation of the screw 80.

On retrouve les coutres 51 qui ont pour effet de trancher les fractions solides pour faciliter leur évacuation.We find the coulters 51 which have the effect of slicing the solid fractions to facilitate their evacuation.

Lorsque la vis 80 est mise en rotation, elle pourrait avoir pour effet d'entrainer les fractions solides encore situées dans la capacité 14 et pour éviter cette rotation empêchant la libre sortie des fractions solides, on peut prévoir à l'intérieur de la capacité 14 des nervures longitudinales 85 auxquelles s'accrochent les différents composants du mélange, empêchant ainsi leur entraînement par la vie 80.When the screw 80 is rotated, it could have the effect of entraining the solid fractions still located in the capacity 14 and to avoid this rotation preventing free exit solid fractions, longitudinal ribs 85 can be provided inside the capacity 14 to which the various components of the mixture are attached, thus preventing their entrainment by life 80.

Il est bon que la vis 80 ait un pas variable, dans le sens d'une diminution, de son extrémité amont vers sa base aval car le long de la vis 80 le volume du mélange diminue encore et il faut lui ménager moins de place. Le pas de la vis 80 est alors plus grand là où les spires ont un diamètre petit et son pas est plus petit là où les spires ont un diamètre plus grand.It is good that the screw 80 has a variable pitch, in the direction of a decrease, from its upstream end towards its downstream base because along the screw 80 the volume of the mixture decreases further and it must be saved less space. The pitch of the screw 80 is then greater where the turns have a small diameter and its pitch is smaller where the turns have a larger diameter.

Afin de permettre une évacuation facile des fractions solides et notamment pour éviter un colmatage dû à leur accrochage au moyeu et aux spires de la vis 80, on peut donner à ces dernières un profil aigu pour que leur bord extérieur 80a soit coupant.In order to allow easy removal of the solid fractions and in particular to prevent clogging due to their attachment to the hub and to the turns of the screw 80, the latter can be given an acute profile so that their outer edge 80a is sharp.

On remarque que le palier 82 est solidaire d'une traverse 64 et de supports 65 et 66, comme dans le cas des figures 5 à 7 pour que la capacité 14 et la vis 80 soient rendues solidaires en translation. Leur position relative peut être ajustée en fonction de la nature du mélange à traiter. Pour cela, on prévoit deux séries de trous 68 sur les supports 65 et 66 et des trous 69 sur la traverse 64 afin de choisir ceux que l'on mettra en regard pour le passage de boulons d'assemblage. Ce pré-réglage est opéré en fonction des caractéristiques du mélange à traiter. Dans le cas du raisin, on peut souhaiter un pré-réglage différent pour les premières vendanges et pour celles de fin de campagne par exemple.Note that the bearing 82 is integral with a crosspiece 64 and supports 65 and 66, as in the case of Figures 5 to 7 so that the capacity 14 and the screw 80 are made integral in translation. Their relative position can be adjusted according to the nature of the mixture to be treated. For this, two series of holes 68 are provided on the supports 65 and 66 and holes 69 on the crosspiece 64 in order to choose those which will be placed opposite for the passage of assembly bolts. This presetting is carried out according to the characteristics of the mixture to be treated. In the case of grapes, we may wish a different pre-setting for the first harvest and for those at the end of the campaign for example.

La vis 80 n'est mise en rotation que quand le mélange introduit dans la capacité 14 est mis sous pression (la vis 3 étant arrêtée) par déploiement des vérins 30 et 31. Elle est arrêtée quand les vérins 30 et 31 sont neutralisés et que du mélange est introduit dans la capacité 14, la vis 3 étant alors en rotation.The screw 80 is only rotated when the mixture introduced into the capacity 14 is pressurized (the screw 3 being stopped) by deployment of the jacks 30 and 31. It is stopped when the jacks 30 and 31 are neutralized and that of the mixture is introduced into the capacity 14, the screw 3 then being in rotation.

Ainsi que cela est connu en soi, il est bon de prévoir un trèfle dit "obturateur" 90 qui est monté librement sur un axe 91 et qui s'oppose à l'enroulement du mélange autour de l'axe 4.As is known per se, it is good to provide a so-called "shutter" clover 90 which is freely mounted on an axis 91 and which opposes the winding of the mixture around the axis 4.

Au voisinage de la sortie des fractions solides (figure 10), on peut également disposer des coutres circulaires 92 qui provoquent le découpage du gâteau ou "boudin" de matières sèches et facilitent par là son évacuation par la sortie annulaire, selon les flèches F6 de la figure 7.In the vicinity of the outlet of the solid fractions (FIG. 10), it is also possible to have circular coulters 92 which cause the cutting of the cake or "sausage" of dry materials and thereby facilitate its evacuation by the annular outlet, according to the arrows F6 of Figure 7.

On peut aussi utiliser des trèfles obturateurs (non représentés) associés à la vis 80 pour empêcher l'enroulement de matières autour de son axe et faisant aussi office de coutres.It is also possible to use shutter clovers (not shown) associated with the screw 80 to prevent the winding of materials around its axis and also acting as coulters.

En se reportant maintenant à la figure 11, on voit une mode de réalisation selon lequel le mouvement linéaire relatif entre la capacité 14 et le "piston", ne provient plus du déplacement de la capacité 14 par rapport à l'ensemble 10-12-13 fixe mais au contraire du mouvement d'un ensemble piston par rapport à la capacité 14 fixe.Referring now to FIG. 11, we see an embodiment according to which the relative linear movement between the capacity 14 and the "piston" no longer comes from the displacement of the capacity 14 relative to the assembly 10-12- 13 fixed but on the contrary of the movement of a piston assembly with respect to the fixed capacity 14.

On voit que l'axe 4 de la vis 3 est creux et reçoit librement, c'est-à-dire sans frottement et a fortiori sans blocage, un arbre 100 portant un filet de vis 101 correspondant au filet de la vis 3 et situé dans son prolongement. On a représenté une disposition simplifiée selon laquelle il n'existe pas de douille tronconique 11 et, par conséquent, on suppose que le filet de la vis 3 comme le filet 101 ont un diamètre constant et sont tous deux égaux. Dans la réalité, le filet 101 peut correspondre à l'extrémité de la vis 3 telle qu'elle est représentée sur la figure 5.We see that the axis 4 of the screw 3 is hollow and receives freely, that is to say without friction and a fortiori without blocking, a shaft 100 carrying a screw thread 101 corresponding to the thread of the screw 3 and located in its extension. There is shown a simplified arrangement according to which there is no frustoconical sleeve 11 and, therefore, it is assumed that the thread of the screw 3 as the thread 101 have a constant diameter and are both equal. In reality, the thread 101 may correspond to the end of the screw 3 as shown in FIG. 5.

La vis 3 n'a qu'un filet, tandis que l'arbre 100 porte un second filet 102 de même pas et les deux filets 101 et 102 sont conformés à leur extrémité comme on l'a déjà décrit pour la vis 3 en regard de la figure 5, c'est-à-dire qu'ils se terminent dans un plan commun 103 substantiellement perpendiculaires à l'axe de l'ensemble.The screw 3 has only one thread, while the shaft 100 carries a second thread 102 of the same pitch and the two threads 101 and 102 are shaped at their end as has already been described for the screw 3 opposite of Figure 5, that is to say that they end in a common plane 103 substantially perpendicular to the axis of the assembly.

L'arbre 100 comporte une cannelure périphérique 104 qui s'étend sur une certaine longueur et qui est en prise avec un moteur 105 de tout type connu en soi pour entraîner l'arbre 100 en rotation lorsqu'il est mis en marche.The shaft 100 has a peripheral groove 104 which extends over a certain length and which is engaged with a motor 105 of any type known per se to drive the shaft 100 in rotation when it is started.

En regard de l'extrémité libre de l'arbre 100, se trouve un vérin 106 à double effet dont la tige 107 est assujettie à l'arbre 100 et dont le corps 108 est relié à deux conduites de fluide sous pression 109 et 110.Opposite the free end of the shaft 100, there is a double-acting cylinder 106 whose rod 107 is secured to the shaft 100 and whose body 108 is connected to two pressurized fluid lines 109 and 110.

Le fonctionnement de ce dispositif est le suivant :

  • Pour que du mélange soit introduit dans la capacité 14, on met en marche simultanément les moteurs 6 et 105 afin que l'axe 4 et l'arbre 100 soient tous deux entraînés en rotation (le moteur 105 entraînant l'arbre 100 par la cannelure 104) et que les filets 3, 101 et 102 se comportent comme s'ils étaient solidaires. Dans cette situation, le vérin 106 est alimenté en fluide sous pression pour que sa tige 107 et l'arbre 100 soient dans leur position rétractée représentée sur la figure 11.
The operation of this device is as follows:
  • For the mixture to be introduced into the capacity 14, the motors 6 and 105 are started simultaneously so that the axis 4 and the shaft 100 are both rotated (the motor 105 driving the shaft 100 by the groove 104) and that the threads 3, 101 and 102 behave as if they were integral. In this situation, the jack 106 is supplied with pressurized fluid so that its rod 107 and the shaft 100 are in their retracted position shown in FIG. 11.

Cette phase de fonctionnement correspond exactement à ce qui a été décrit plus haut et l'on ne répétera donc pas le détail de ses conséquences sur le mélange à presser.This operating phase corresponds exactly to what has been described above and the details of its consequences on the mixture to be pressed will therefore not be repeated.

Lorsque l'on doit provoquer la compression du mélange, on arrête le moteur 105 seulement pour que l'arbre 100 soit immobilisé en rotation, contrairement à l'axe 4 qui continue de tourner, le mélange introduit dans la trémie 1 continuant d'être poussé d'amont en aval. Simultanément, on inverse l'alimentation du vérin 106 afin que sa tige 107 soit extraite et pousse l'arbre 100. Les filets 101 et 102, par leurs parties co-planaires 103 agissent alors comme un piston dans la capacité 14 immobile et provoquent le pressage du mélange comme décrit plus haut, le dispositif étant dans la position représentée par la figure 12. Quand la pression voulue est atteinte (et captée par exemple par des manomètres), on neutralise le vérin 106 et l'on remet en marche le moteur 105, toujours en prise avec la cannelure 104 grâce à la longueur de cette dernière, mais à une vitesse telle que l'arbre 100 tourne plus vite que l'axe 4, et dans le même sens, de telle manière que les filets 101 et 102 se "vissent" en quelque sorte dans le mélange présent derrière eux sous l'action ininterrompue du filet 3, et remontent axialement jusqu'à ce que l'arbre 100 ait retrouvé la position qu'il occupe sur la figure 11. Le vérin 106 est à nouveau alimenté pour pousser les filets 101 et 102 et le cycle recommence. On note que l'entraînement de l'arbre 100 par le moteur 105 se produit quelle que soit la position axiale de cet arbre 100 et même pendant son coulissement à l'intérieur de l'axe 4.When the mixture has to be compressed, the engine 105 is stopped only so that the shaft 100 is immobilized in rotation, unlike the axis 4 which continues to rotate, the mixture introduced into the hopper 1 continuing to be pushed from upstream to downstream. Simultaneously, the supply of the jack 106 is reversed so that its rod 107 is extracted and pushes the shaft 100. The threads 101 and 102, by their co-planar parts 103 then act like a piston in the stationary capacity 14 and cause the pressing of the mixture as described above, the device being in the position shown in FIG. 12. When the desired pressure is reached (and sensed, for example, by pressure gauges), the cylinder 106 is neutralized and the engine is restarted 105, still engaged with the groove 104 thanks to the length of the latter, but at a speed such that the shaft 100 rotates faster than the axis 4, and in the same direction, so that the threads 101 and 102 somehow "screw" into the mixture present behind them under the uninterrupted action of the thread 3, and rise axially until the shaft 100 has regained the position it occupies in FIG. 11. The jack 106 is fed again to push the nets 101 e t 102 and the cycle begins again. It is noted that the drive of the shaft 100 by the motor 105 occurs regardless of the axial position of this shaft 100 and even during its sliding inside the axis 4.

Dans le sens amont-aval, l'arbre 100 est poussé par le vérin 106 mais dans le sens aval-amont il est ramené par la rotation rapide que lui imprime le moteur 105. On peut donc se contenter d'un vérin 106 à simple effet.In the upstream-downstream direction, the shaft 100 is pushed by the cylinder 106 but in the downstream-upstream direction it is brought back by the rapid rotation imparted to it by the motor 105. We can therefore be satisfied with a single cylinder 106 effect.

Claims (24)

1 - Procédé pour séparer par pressage des fractions liquides et solides intimement associées en un mélange hétérogène, comme le sont, par exemple, les jus, pulpes, noyaux, pépins, pédoncules et éléments végétaux de fruits tels que du raisin vendangé, caractérisé en ce que l'on remplit dans un sens dit "amont-aval", par une extrémité dite d'entrée, une capacité (14) à parois latérales traversées de fins passages (15), avec du mélange hétérogène, puis que l'on interrompt l'arrivée de mélange, puis que l'on cause le pressage en produisant d'une part un mouvement relatif linéaire entre la capacité (14) et une pièce non tournante (10-13, 103) formant piston située devant l'extrémité d'entrée pour que cette pièce (10-13, 103) pénètre d'amont en aval dans la capacité (14), et d'autre part une force de retenue antagoniste, c'est-à-dire agissant dans le sens "aval-amont", coaxiale à la capacité (14), à l'extrémité de celle-ci dite de sortie opposée à la précédente tout en ménageant un espace de sortie annulaire, également coaxial, pour les fractions solides séparées des fractions liquides lors du pressage et ainsi agglomérées, puis qu'après pressage du mélange hétérogène provoquant simultanément la sortie d'au moins une partie des fractions liquides à travers les parois de la capacité (14) et la sortie d'une partie des fractions solides par l'espace de sortie, on arrête le mouvement relatif linéaire, puis que l'on reprend l'entrée de mélange et son pressage dans la capacité (14) selon une pression coordonnée à la valeur de la force de retenue de sortie et ainsi de suite. --1 - Process for separating by pressing liquid and solid fractions intimately associated into a heterogeneous mixture, as are, for example, the juices, pulps, pits, seeds, peduncles and vegetable elements of fruits such as grapes harvested, characterized in that which is filled in a so-called "upstream-downstream" direction, by a so-called inlet end, a capacity (14) with side walls crossed by fine passages (15), with heterogeneous mixture, and then is interrupted the mixing inlet, then pressing is produced by producing on the one hand a linear relative movement between the capacity (14) and a non-rotating part (10-13, 103) forming a piston located in front of the end d entry so that this part (10-13, 103) penetrates from upstream to downstream in the capacity (14), and on the other hand an opposing retaining force, that is to say acting in the "downstream" direction -upstream ", coaxial with the capacity (14), at the end of the said outlet opposite to the previous one while providing a space for annular outlet, also coaxial, for the solid fractions separated from the liquid fractions during pressing and thus agglomerated, then only after pressing the heterogeneous mixture simultaneously causing the exit of at least part of the liquid fractions through the walls of the capacity ( 14) and the exit of part of the solid fractions through the exit space, the linear relative movement is stopped, then the entry of mixture and its resumption in the capacity (14) are resumed according to a coordinated pressure to the value of the output holding force and so on. - - 2 - Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que pour causer le pressage on maintient immobile la capacité (14) et l'on déplace la pièce (103) formant-piston dans le sens amont-aval selon un mouvement de coulissement axial par rapport à ladite capacité (14).2 - Method according to claim 1, characterized in that to cause pressing the capacity is kept stationary (14) and the part (103) forming the piston is moved in the upstream-downstream direction according to an axial sliding movement relative to said capacity (14). 3 - Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on coordonne la pression dans la capacité (14) et la force de retenue antagoniste pour établir dans ladite capacité (14)-uhe pression faiblement croissante depuis l'extrémité d'entrée jusqu'à une zone située au voisinage de l'extrémité de sortie, zone à partir de laquelle on provoque une nette augmentation de la force de retenue.3 - Method according to claim 1, characterized in that one coordinates the pressure in the capacity (14) and the opposing retaining force to establish in said capacity (14) -uhe slightly increasing pressure from the inlet end to an area in the vicinity of the outlet end, an area from which a marked increase in the holding force is caused. 4 - Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé des revendications 1 et 3 ci-dessus, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte d'une part une capacité (14) dont les parois latérales sont traversées de fins passages (15) et qui présente deux extrémités opposées ouvertes, l'une dite "d'entrée" placée en regard d'une pièce (10-13) formant piston et munie d'une ouverture (12) pour l'entrée de mélange dans la capacité (14) et d'autre part un bouclier (50-80-500) associé à l'autre extrémité dite "de sortie", l'ensemble capacité (14) - bouclier (50-80-500) étant monté mobile par rapport à la pièce (10-13) formant piston afin de presser la matière entre le bouclier (50-80-500) et la pièce (10-13) formant piston, les fractions liquides devant traverser la capacité (14) par des fins passages (15) tandis que les fractions solides doivent être évacuées autour du bouclier (50-80-500).4 - Device for implementing the method of claims 1 and 3 above, characterized in that it comprises on the one hand a capacity (14) whose side walls are traversed by fine passages (15) and which has two opposite open ends, one known as an "inlet" placed opposite a part (10-13) forming a piston and provided with an opening (12) for admitting the mixture into the tank (14) and on the other hand a shield (50-80-500) associated with the other end called "outlet", the capacity assembly (14) - shield (50-80-500) being mounted movable relative to the part ( 10-13) forming a piston in order to press the material between the shield (50-80-500) and the part (10-13) forming a piston, the liquid fractions having to pass through the capacity (14) by fine passages (15) while that the solid fractions must be evacuated around the shield (50-80-500). 5 - Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le bouclier (50) est monté mobile élastiquement dans le sens longitudinal de la capacité (14) afin de laisser subsister un passage annulaire co-axial plus ou moins grand pour la sortie des fractions solides, des moyens (30-31) étant prévus pour provoquer un mouvement relatif linéaire entre la capacité (14) et la pièce (10-13) formant piston.5 - Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the shield (50) is mounted resiliently movable in the longitudinal direction of the capacity (14) in order to leave a co-axial annular passage more or less large for the exit of the fractions solid, means (30-31) being provided to cause a linear relative movement between the capacity (14) and the part (10-13) forming the piston. 6 - Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la pièce formant piston est constituée par une paroi frontale (13) d'une douille creuse (11) qui est située à l'extrémité d'une cuve (2) munie d'une trémie (1) pour l'introduction de mélange hétérogène et qui est associée à une vis rotative axiale (3) située en regard d'une ouverture (12) traversant en son centre la paroi frontale (13) de la douille (11). cette vis (3) étant conformée pour présenter à son extrémité, au moins une partie (10) substantiellement perpendiculaire à l'axe (4) de la vis (3).6 - Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the piston-forming part consists of a front wall ( 1 3) of a hollow bushing (11) which is located at the end of a tank (2) provided with '' a hopper (1) for the introduction of a mixed mixture and which is associated with an axial rotary screw (3) located opposite an opening (12) passing through its center the front wall (13) of the sleeve (11). this screw (3) being shaped to present at its end, at least one part (10) substantially perpendicular to the axis (4) of the screw (3). 7 - Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la pièce formant piston (11-13) est montée mobile, tandis que la capacité (14) est immobile.7 - Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the piston-forming part (11-13) is mounted movable, while the capacity (14) is stationary. 8 - Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la pièce formant piston est constituée par au moins un filet de vis (101-102-103) indépendant et qui est relié cinématiquement à deux mécanismes distincts (105 et 106) susceptibles de l'entraîner seul, respectivement en rotation et en translation axiale et dont l'extrémité est conformée pour présenter au moins une partie (103) substantiellement perpendiculaire à son axe.8 - Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the piston piece is constituted by at least one screw thread (101-102-103) independent and which is kinematically connected to two separate mechanisms (105 and 106) capable of l 'drive alone, respectively in rotation and in axial translation and whose end is shaped to have at least one part (103) substantially perpendicular to its axis. 9 - Dispositif selon la revendication 5 et 8, caractérisé en ce que l'axe (4) de la vis (3) est creux et est traversé librement par un arbre (100) portant le filet de vis (101-102) qui se trouve ainsi dans le prolongement de la vis (3), cet arbre (100) étant relié aux mécanismes (105 et 106) susceptibles de l'entraîner respectivement en rotation et en translation axiale, indépendamment de l'axe (4) de la vis (3).9 - Device according to claim 5 and 8, characterized in that the axis (4) of the screw (3) is hollow and is crossed freely by a shaft (100) carrying the screw thread (101-102) which is thus in the extension of the screw (3), this shaft (100) being connected to the mechanisms (105 and 106) capable of driving it respectively in rotation and in axial translation, independently of the axis (4) of the screw (3). 10 - Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la paroi frontale (13) présente une ouverture centrale munie d'un clapet anti-retour (70-74).10 - Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the front wall (13) has a central opening provided with a non-return valve (70-74). 11 - Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la capacité (140) et/ou le bouclier (500) ont des profils déformables.11 - Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the capacity (140) and / or the shield (500) have deformable profiles. 12 - Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le profil de la capacité présente des courbures ou lignes brisées déformables avec ou moins un point d'inflexion.12 - Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the profile of the capacity has deformable curvatures or broken lines with or less an inflection point. 13 - Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le profil du bouclier présente des courbures ou lignes brisées déformables avec au moins un point d'inflexion.13 - Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the profile of the shield has curvatures or broken lines deformable with at least one inflection point. 14 - Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que les profils déformables sont susceptibles de présenter des parties soit convexes, soit concaves.14 - Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the deformable profiles are capable of having parts either convex or concave. 15 - Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un mécanisme de freinage (3000) disposé à la sortie de la capacité (140).15 - Device according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises a braking mechanism (3000) disposed at the outlet of the capacity (140). 16 - Dispositif selon la revendication 15, caractérisée ce que le mécanisme de freinage est constitué par une jupe placée dans le prolongement de la capacité.16 - Device according to claim 15, characterized in that the braking mechanism consists of a skirt placed in the extension of the capacity. 17 - Dispositif selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que le mécanisme de freinage comprend au moins une partie annulaire mobile en rotation et associée à des moyens susceptibles de l'entrai- ner de préférence à vitesse réglable.17 - Device according to claim 15, characterized in that the braking mechanism comprises at least one annular part movable in rotation and associated with means capable of driving it preferably at adjustable speed. 18 - Dispositif selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que la partie annulaire comprend une couronne solidaire d'au moins une pièce intérieure de forme hélicoïdale à au moins une spire, le sens de rotation et le pas de la pièce hélicoïdale étant adaptés à l'évacuation des fractions solides et non à leur compression.18 - Device according to claim 17, characterized in that the annular part comprises a crown integral with at least one inner part of helical shape with at least one turn, the direction of rotation and the pitch of the helical piece being adapted to the 'evacuation of solid fractions and not at their compression. 19 - Dispositif selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que la partie annulaire comprend une couronne solidaire d'ailettes hélicoïdales intérieures.19 - Device according to claim 18, characterized in that the annular part comprises a crown integral with internal helical fins. 20 - Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la capacité (14) est associée, dans l'axe de cette dernière, à un évacuateur de fractions solides constitué par une vis (80) dont le diamètre est avantageusement croissant dans le sens amont-aval, des moyens (81 à 83) étant prévus pour provoquer un mouvement de rotation relatif entre la capacité et (14) et la vis (80).20 - Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the capacity (14) is associated, in the axis of the latter, with an evacuator of solid fractions consisting of a screw (80) whose diameter is advantageously increasing in the direction upstream-downstream, means (81 to 83) being provided to cause a relative rotational movement between the capacity and (14) and the screw (80). 21 - Dispositif selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que le bord extérieur (80a) de la vis (80) est aigu.21 - Device according to claim 20, characterized in that the outer edge (80a) of the screw (80) is acute. 22 - Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la capacité (14) présente des nervures internes longitudinales (85).22 - Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the capacity (14) has longitudinal internal ribs (85). 23 - Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le bouclier (50) est de type filtrant, c'est-à-dire percé de trous pour le passage de fractions liquides.23 - Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the shield (50) is of the filtering type, that is to say pierced with holes for the passage of liquid fractions. 24 - Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la section capacité et celle du bouclier est soit circulaire, soit polygonales.24 - Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the capacity section and that of the shield is either circular or polygonal.
EP86401388A 1985-06-26 1986-06-24 Process and apparatus for separating liquids and solids, in particular fruit juices Expired - Lifetime EP0211706B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86401388T ATE55945T1 (en) 1985-06-26 1986-06-24 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SEPARATING SOLIDS/LIQUIDS, ESPECIALLY FRUIT JUICES.

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8509689A FR2584020B1 (en) 1985-06-26 1985-06-26 PRESS DEVICE WITH SELF-PRESSURIZING TUBE FILTER
FR8509689 1985-06-26
FR8515712 1985-10-23
FR8515712A FR2588725B1 (en) 1985-06-26 1985-10-23 PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR SEPARATING LIQUID AND SOLID FRACTIONS, ESPECIALLY FRUIT JUICES
FR8517905A FR2590839B2 (en) 1985-12-02 1985-12-02 IMPROVEMENT IN PRESSURE DEVICES WITH SELF-PRESSURIZING FILTER TUBE
FR8517905 1985-12-02

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0211706A2 true EP0211706A2 (en) 1987-02-25
EP0211706A3 EP0211706A3 (en) 1987-03-18
EP0211706B1 EP0211706B1 (en) 1990-08-29

Family

ID=27251291

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86401388A Expired - Lifetime EP0211706B1 (en) 1985-06-26 1986-06-24 Process and apparatus for separating liquids and solids, in particular fruit juices

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0211706B1 (en)
CA (1) CA1307443C (en)
DE (1) DE3673724D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2000914A6 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2677921A1 (en) * 1991-06-24 1992-12-24 Henry Michel Semicontinuous press for extracting oil from olives or other oil-yielding plants
EP0565823A1 (en) * 1992-04-11 1993-10-20 Voith Sulzer Stoffaufbereitung GmbH Press for dewatering substances through compression
ITRM20080361A1 (en) * 2008-07-02 2008-10-02 Franco Tomassoli PNEUMATIC OLEOHYDRAULIC CONTINUOUS PRESS FOR FRUITS POLPOSI PRESSING
CN116570958A (en) * 2023-04-21 2023-08-11 山东康普善生物技术有限公司 A kind of high-purity resveratrol extraction equipment and extraction method

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FR733544A (en) * 1931-03-17 1932-10-07 Mij Tot Exploitatie Van Ten Bo Filtered
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FR1240912A (en) * 1959-11-16 1960-09-09 Continuous screw-type press-wringer with progressive adjustment during operation
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FR1515818A (en) * 1963-03-26 1968-03-08 Ultimate Res & Dev Process for collecting liquids from plant substances
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2677921A1 (en) * 1991-06-24 1992-12-24 Henry Michel Semicontinuous press for extracting oil from olives or other oil-yielding plants
EP0565823A1 (en) * 1992-04-11 1993-10-20 Voith Sulzer Stoffaufbereitung GmbH Press for dewatering substances through compression
EP0565824A1 (en) * 1992-04-11 1993-10-20 Voith Sulzer Stoffaufbereitung GmbH Press for dewatering substances through compression
US5390592A (en) * 1992-04-11 1995-02-21 Sulzer Escher Wyss Gmbh Dewatering press for compressibly dewaterable material
US5406883A (en) * 1992-04-11 1995-04-18 Sulzer Escher Wyss Gmbh Dewatering press for compressibly dewaterable material
ITRM20080361A1 (en) * 2008-07-02 2008-10-02 Franco Tomassoli PNEUMATIC OLEOHYDRAULIC CONTINUOUS PRESS FOR FRUITS POLPOSI PRESSING
WO2010001429A1 (en) * 2008-07-02 2010-01-07 Franco Tomassoli Oleohydraulic and pneumatic press for squeezing fleshy fruits
CN116570958A (en) * 2023-04-21 2023-08-11 山东康普善生物技术有限公司 A kind of high-purity resveratrol extraction equipment and extraction method
CN116570958B (en) * 2023-04-21 2023-10-03 山东康普善生物技术有限公司 High-purity resveratrol extraction equipment and extraction method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0211706B1 (en) 1990-08-29
CA1307443C (en) 1992-09-15
DE3673724D1 (en) 1990-10-04
EP0211706A3 (en) 1987-03-18
ES2000914A6 (en) 1988-04-01

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