EP0211706B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trennen von Feststoff-/Flüssigkeitsanteilen, insbesondere von Fruchtsäften - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trennen von Feststoff-/Flüssigkeitsanteilen, insbesondere von Fruchtsäften Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0211706B1
EP0211706B1 EP86401388A EP86401388A EP0211706B1 EP 0211706 B1 EP0211706 B1 EP 0211706B1 EP 86401388 A EP86401388 A EP 86401388A EP 86401388 A EP86401388 A EP 86401388A EP 0211706 B1 EP0211706 B1 EP 0211706B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vessel
screw
shield
capacity
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86401388A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0211706A2 (de
EP0211706A3 (en
Inventor
Yves Maisonneuve
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority claimed from FR8509689A external-priority patent/FR2584020B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR8515712A external-priority patent/FR2588725B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR8517905A external-priority patent/FR2590839B2/fr
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT86401388T priority Critical patent/ATE55945T1/de
Publication of EP0211706A2 publication Critical patent/EP0211706A2/de
Publication of EP0211706A3 publication Critical patent/EP0211706A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0211706B1 publication Critical patent/EP0211706B1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/04—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using press rams
    • B30B9/06—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using press rams co-operating with permeable casings or strainers
    • B30B9/062—Extrusion presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
    • B30B9/121—Screw constructions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
    • B30B9/127—Feed means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
    • B30B9/18—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing with means for adjusting the outlet for the solid

Definitions

  • Presses have been known for a very long time, which are particularly suitable for extracting fruit juices and which include a capacity with perforated walls into which the materials to be pressed are introduced and compressed by means of an endless screw.
  • This general principle knows many variations, in particular in the shape of the hub of the worm and in the shape of the compression capacity itself. Whatever these variants, all presses of this type have the major drawback of causing crushing of the material to be pressed between the periphery of the central screw and the perforated walls of the container, because there is necessarily friction on the turns of the screw and on the perforated walls which act as a grater.
  • Document FR-A-82/03408 is also known, which describes a press having a first cylindrical part and a second frustoconical part, an axial helical screw having turns which are themselves cylindrical on a hub which is also cylindrical.
  • Document FR-A-83/05068 describes a press having a compression capacity having a first cylindrical part, a second frustoconical part connected to the first and a third also cylindrical part connected to the frustoconical part, the helical screw always having a cylindrical outline.
  • the helical screw is mounted axially movable while being rotatably mounted in the direction of a thrust on the material.
  • this screw meets a predetermined resistance, it is moved back to a starting position then, the rotation being stopped, the screw is pushed axially, without turning, on the material already pressed while we admit fresh material to press and the screw is removed by driving it in rotation in the opposite direction to the push so that it "unscrews" in the fresh material, then the cycle begins again.
  • This device provides an improvement over the previous presses but still has a significant drawback in that the pressure is exerted in the same direction as the introduction of the material, that is to say in a direction called “upstream-downstream” "and that, in addition, this pressure is predominant at the center of the capacity, the compulsory back pressure being obtained by means of a door placed across the end of the capacity opposite the entry of the material to be pressed.
  • the press which has a compression capacity in which there are two helical screws with reverse pitch on each of which is fixed a plate of the same section as the capacity and which plays the role of nut when puts the capacity in rotation, the screws being kept fixed, because the plates approach to press the material placed between them or move away to release it according to the direction in which the compression capacity is driven.
  • a press of this type also has a very poor yield since the duration of obtaining a "press" is three and a half hours and this time causes the oxidation of the tannins and all oxidizable substances including aromas, all resulting in a dark juice without taste or odor when the material to be compressed is a grape.
  • the present invention provides a solution constituting a considerable improvement since it provides for the presence of a conical shield which allows overpressure at the output of a pressing capacity, this capacity being made movable relative to a fixed piston. In this way, an assembly is produced which avoids all attacks against the mixture to be pressed and which has an excellent yield.
  • the present invention moreover, provides the means to improve the distribution of the working pressure in the capacity by using various alternative embodiments of the means which cause this pressure.
  • the subject of the invention is a method for separating by pressing liquid and solid fractions intimately associated into a heterogeneous mixture, as are, for example, the juices, pulps, pits, seeds, peduncles and plant elements of fruit such as grapes harvested, of the type according to which one fills in a direction known as "upstream-downstream", by a so-called entry end, a capacity with side walls crossed by fine passages, with heterogeneous mixture, then that one interrupts the mixing, and then causes pressing by producing a linear relative movement between the capacity and a non-rotating part forming a piston situated in front of the inlet end so that this part penetrates from upstream to downstream in the capacity, characterized in that a antagonistic retaining force, that is to say directed in the "downstream-upstream” direction, coaxial with the capacity, at the end of the said outlet known opposite to the previous one and acting on the heterogeneous mixture fractions introduced, thus progressively agglomerated into a cake of solid fractions, while
  • the subject of the invention is also a device for implementing the above method, of the type comprising a capacity whose side walls are crossed by fine passages and which has two opposite open ends, one of which is said to be “inlet” is placed opposite a piston-forming part and provided with an opening for the entry of mixture into the tank, characterized in that the tank has an increasing section from upstream to downstream and in that the device has a shield associated with the other end called “outlet", the shield capacity assembly being mounted movable relative to the piston-forming part in order to press the material against the shield where cakes of solid fractions are finished which must then be evacuated around the shield.
  • Curve A shows this variation in a known device: the pressure is first established at input 0 at a large value, then increases further and decreases regularly until output X where it is minimal.
  • Curve B shows the variation of this same pressure P1 according to the process according to the invention and it can be seen that at input 0 the pressure P1 is established at a relatively low value then increases regularly but slightly while remaining thus practically uniform up to the vicinity of the output X where it increases significantly to reach its maximum value.
  • Curve C shows the distribution of the pressure P2 in a device of known type and it can be seen that the pressure is maximum at the periphery while it is minimum in the central part x.
  • Curve D represents the distribution of the transverse pressure P2 with the method according to the invention and it can be seen that this curve D is exactly the opposite of curve C since the pressure P2 has minimum values at the periphery of the device and maximum values in the central part x.
  • FIG. 3 we have shown the effects, in a known device, of the pressure P1 shown diagrammatically by an arrow and it can be seen that this pressure P1 is exerted from the inlet to the outlet, that is to say say in the "upstream-downstream” direction and in the same direction as the entry of the mixture to be pressed, symbolized by two arrows F1.
  • Figure 4 is a diagram similar to that of Figure 3 but corresponding to the implementation of the method according to the invention. It can be seen that a retaining force F2 is created at the center of the device and at its exit and is directed in the direction opposite to that of the arrow F1 indicating the direction in which the mixture to be pressed is introduced into the device . This retaining force F2 comes from the presence of a central conical shield located at the outlet of the device.
  • the retaining force F2 and the pressure P1 are indeed antagonistic, according to the method according to the invention, but the retaining force F2 is caused by the exit resistance of the cake.
  • this resistance comes from the presence of the shield, but it only acts against the pressure P1 indirectly, with the interposition of the cake.
  • This device includes a hopper 1 for loading a heterogeneous mixture and in the following description we will take as an example the grapes harvested to be pressed to give a juice as clear as possible providing, after treatment such as fermentation or distillation, an alcoholic drink , especially wine or Cognac.
  • the hopper 1 opens into a tank 2 in the shape of a bucket, that is to say with a bottom of circular section and with divergent planar walls.
  • this tank 2 extends an endless screw 3, the axis 4 of which is held by a bearing 5 and is connected to a motor for rotating 6.
  • the walls of the hopper 1 and of the tank 2 are perforated in order to allow the dripping juices collected to pass through an envelope 7 which surrounds the hopper 1 and the tank 2 and which has a discharge orifice 8.
  • the screw 3 At its end opposite to that which is close to the motor 6, the screw 3 comprises a second thread 9, just like the main thread and which ends in being diametrically opposite to it and both in a plane 10 perpendicular to axis 4, in order to form an obstacle to the return of mixture in the tank 2, from downstream to upstream, as will be explained below.
  • the diameter of the screw 3 is constant inside the tank 2 and decreases in line with a socket 11 whose interior is frustoconical and which thus has a circular central passage 12 of diameter less than the cross-section of the tank 2 and an annular part 11 co-planar with the plane 10, this assembly having to play the role of piston.
  • a solid central part could also be provided around which an annular passage would be provided for the transfer of the mixture by the screw 3.
  • the socket 11 there is a capacity 14 of frustoconical shape whose small base is close to the socket 11 and constitutes the inlet of the capacity 14 and whose large base, opposite to the previous one, constitutes the outlet of the fractions solid.
  • the diameter of the capacity 14 increases in the "upstream-downstream” direction, that is to say in the direction of the entry of the mixture towards the exit of the solid fractions.
  • capacity 14 The walls of capacity 14 are perforated so that the liquid fractions separated from the solid fractions introduced and pressed into capacity 14 can pass therethrough.
  • the perforations of the capacity 14 are shown in the form of slots 15 resulting from intervals between solid parts 16 held together by external circular reinforcements 17 giving the assembly the rigidity of a structure complete.
  • a different structure can be used, in particular a grid made of perforated sheet metal with oblong openings of major axis parallel to the axis of the capacity 14, this grid being of the type known per se.
  • the grid must be held rigidly in the radial direction to resist the thrust of the pressed mixture and, for this purpose, reinforcements of the type of those shown here, 17 can be used.
  • the capacity 14 includes a cylindrical extension 18 whose internal diameter corresponds to the external diameter of the sleeve 11 by providing for the interposition of seals and / or members facilitating the sliding of the extension 18 on the sleeve 11, or avoiding the effects of friction metal against metal, these elements being generally designated by the reference 19.
  • Cylinders 30 and 31 are provided inside the profiles 27 and 28 in order to be able to move the capacity 14 relative to the co-planar parts 10 and 11 forming the piston.
  • the body 32 of the actuator 30 is fixed by an eyelet 33 and a flange 34 to the profile 23 while the rod 35 of the actuator 30 is connected by an eyelet 36 and a flange 37 to the profile 27.
  • the body 38 of the jack 31 is fixed by an eyelet 38 and a flange 40 to the profile 24 while the rod 41 of this jack 30 is fixed by an eyelet 42 and a flange 43 to the profile 28.
  • the cylinders 30 and 31 are of the double-acting type and therefore have fluid inlets 44-45 and 46-47 respectively controlled by solenoid valves, as is known per se, to cause the extraction of the rods 35 and 41 or their retraction.
  • the downstream end of the capacity 14 is entirely open and allows the establishment of a central conical shield 50 associated with radial coulters 51 and integral with an axial rod 52 slidably mounted in a guide 53.
  • the shield 50 is associated with an articulated diamond 54 of which two opposite vertices 55 and 56 are connected to a jack 57, respectively to the body 58 and to the rod 59 thereof, while the other two opposite vertices 60 and 61 are connected respectively at a fixed point and at the rod 52.
  • This jack 57 contains a pressurized fluid and acts as a shock absorber and it is advantageous to be able to adjust the passage section of an inlet 62 and an outlet 63, by any known means, to adjust the value of the resistance that the jack 57 opposes to the forces exerted on it by the conical shield 50, itself subjected to the thrust of the mixture.
  • the guide 53 is fixed to a crosspiece 64 joining two supports 65 and 66 integral with the capacity 14.
  • the jacks 30 and 31 were ordered so that the capacity 14 is in the position shown in FIG. 6 according to which the cylindrical part 18 completely covers the sleeve 11 so that the capacity 14 has a minimum volume.
  • the capacity 14 moves from upstream to downstream under the effect of the arrival of the mixture which pushes it, this "decline" in the capacity giving way to new arrivals of mixture. It should be noted that here there is only a simple push and not a compression since the capacity 14 moves effortlessly and since no force is developed against the arrival of the mixture.
  • the admission of pressurized fluid into the jacks 30 and 31 is controlled by the inputs 44 and 46, in order to move the capacity 14 in the direction of the arrows F5 (FIG. 7), towards its position of minimum volume, which has the effect of driving the shield 50 in the same direction by the supports 65 and 66 and by the cross-member 64, the cylindrical part 18 sliding on the cylindrical external part of the sleeve 11.
  • the jack 57 acts in the direction of the approach of the vertices 55 and 56 of the rhombus 57, that is to say the spacing of the vertices 60 and 61, the rod 52 thus having a tendency to push the shield 50 towards the interior of the capacity 14, in the downstream-upstream direction.
  • the shield 50 thus opposes the free exit of the mixture.
  • the displacement of the capacity 14 relative to the fixed sleeve 11 therefore causes the compression of the mixture fraction between on the one hand the wall 13 and the plane 10 coplanar and on the other hand.
  • the central shield 50 with the interposition of the dense cake already formed.
  • the wall 13 and the plane 10 constitute in a way a piston on which the mixture is pressed thanks to the action of the jacks 30 and 31, this pressure causing the exit of the liquid fractions by the slots 15 of the capacity 14 while the fractions solids accumulate in a dense cake downstream of the capacity 14.
  • the cake reaches a degree of dryness determined by the adjustment of the pressure in the jack 57, it is forced against the coulters 51 which fragment it into parts which exit the device according to arrows F6, through the annular passage.
  • the shield 50 undergoes two opposing forces c the thrust of the cake in the direction of the arrows F4 (FIG. 6) and the resistance of the jack 57.
  • the solid fractions of the mixture after extraction of the liquid fractions, have agglomerated into cake, it acts strongly on the shield 50 which can retreat against the jack 57, until a balance is established determined by the adjustment of the pressure in the jack 57.
  • the shield 50 moves back a little and, given its shape, correlatively enlarges the passage section offered at the outlet of the solid fractions, section determined by the width of the annular passage which remains between the outside of the cone 50 and the inside of capacity 14.
  • the compression of the mixture inside the capacity 14 is obtained by a simple linear movement in which the screw 3 does not intervene in any way by its rotary function since on the one hand it is stopped during the pressure phase and that on the other hand the mixture of the capacity 14 practically does not reach it thanks to the plane 10. It should be noted that with this embodiment, the pressure is not exerted from upstream to downstream but from downstream to upstream , according to arrows F5.
  • the endless screw 3 therefore only plays here the role of a material transport mechanism and could therefore be replaced by any other device if it turns out to be more practical than a worm.
  • the frustoconical shape of the capacity 14 the mixture moves from upstream to downstream, from the small base to the large, which eliminates the phenomenon of rasp and friction and which allows a better flow of the mixture as well as the total absence of trituration, the solid particles being oriented as shown in FIG. 4, as explained above.
  • the section of the capacity 14 could be other than circular, for example oval.
  • the increase in pressure shown diagrammatically by curve B in FIG. 1 is obtained by the conical shield 50 and the jack 57 which is associated with it.
  • the shapes and dimensions of the shield 50 can be adapted to different conditions of use. In all of these, the shield 50 being situated in the axis of the device, it is indeed in the center that the pressure P1 is the strongest and it is indeed towards the periphery that it decreases since the outlet is of annular shape .
  • the drying of the mixture is thus modulated according to the pressure which prevails in the jack 57 and, therefore, according to the retaining force of the shield 50.
  • a non-return valve can be provided as shown in FIG. 9.
  • the bush 11 and its front part 13 as well as its central passage 12 by which the mixture is introduced into the capacity 14 are shown diagrammatically in this figure.
  • the non-return valve is composed of a shutter 70 of diameter equivalent to that of passage 12 and provided with peripheral reliefs 71 by which it abuts against the front part 13 when it receives a pressure directed in the direction of the arrows F5, position in which the passage 12 is completely closed.
  • the shutter 70 is capped by a retaining piece 72 comprising arms 63 fixed to the part 13 and curved towards a common center 74 against which the shutter 70 is placed in abutment when it receives a pressure directed in the direction of the arrows F4, that is to say when the screw 3 is rotated and pushes the mixture through the central passage 12.
  • the conical shield 50 is removed and replaced by a central endless screw 80 of increasing diameter in the upstream-downstream direction and secured to a shaft 81 rotatably mounted in a retaining bearing 82 and connected to a setting mechanism. movement of any known type such as a gear motor 83.
  • the evacuation of the solid fractions can be modulated by varying the speed of the screw 80 to ensure a very precise adjustment and an excellent suitability of the device and of the mixture which is available in all circumstances.
  • the percentage of solid fractions compared to port to the evacuated liquid fractions therefore depends on the speed of rotation of the screw 80.
  • the screw 80 has a variable pitch, in the direction of a decrease, from its upstream end towards its downstream base because along the screw 80 the volume of the mixture decreases further and it must be saved less space.
  • the pitch of the screw 80 is then greater where the turns have a small diameter and its pitch is smaller where the turns have a larger diameter.
  • the latter can be given an acute profile so that their outer edge 80a is sharp.
  • bearing 82 is integral with a crosspiece 64 and supports 65 and 66, as in the case of Figures 5 to 7 so that the capacity 14 and the screw 80 are made integral in translation. Their relative position can be adjusted according to the nature of the mixture to be treated. For this, two series of holes 68 are provided on the supports 65 and 66 and holes 69 on the crosspiece 64 in order to choose those which will be placed opposite for the passage of assembly bolts. This presetting is carried out according to the characteristics of the mixture to be treated. In the case of grapes, we may wish a different pre-setting for the first harvest and for those at the end of the campaign for example.
  • the screw 80 is only rotated when the mixture introduced into the capacity 14 is pressurized (the screw 3 being stopped) by deployment of the jacks 30 and 31. It is stopped when the jacks 30 and 31 are neutralized and that of the mixture is introduced into the capacity 14, the screw 3 then being in rotation.
  • shutter clovers (not shown) associated with the screw 80 to prevent the winding of materials around its axis and also acting as coulters.
  • the axis 4 of the screw 3 is hollow and receives freely, that is to say without friction and a fortiori without blocking, a shaft 100 carrying a screw thread 101 corresponding to the thread of the screw 3 and located in its extension.
  • a shaft 100 carrying a screw thread 101 corresponding to the thread of the screw 3 and located in its extension There is shown a simplified arrangement according to which there is no frustoconical sleeve 11 and, therefore, it is assumed that the thread of the screw 3 as the thread 101 have a constant diameter and are both equal. In reality, the thread 101 may correspond to the end of the screw 3 as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the screw 3 has only one thread, while the shaft 100 carries a second thread 102 of the same pitch and the two threads 101 and 102 are shaped at their end as has already been described for the screw 3 opposite of Figure 5, that is to say that they end in a common plane 103 substantially perpendicular to the axis of the assembly.
  • the shaft 100 has a peripheral groove 104 which extends over a certain length and which is engaged with a motor 105 of any type known per se to drive the shaft 100 in rotation when it is started.
  • the engine 105 When the mixture has to be compressed, the engine 105 is stopped only so that the shaft 100 is immobilized in rotation, unlike the axis 4 which continues to rotate, the mixture introduced into the hopper 1 continuing to be pushed from upstream to downstream. Simultaneously, the supply of the jack 106 is reversed so that its rod 107 is extracted and pushes the shaft 100.
  • the threads 101 and 102, by their co-planar parts 103 then act like a piston in the stationary capacity 14 and cause the pressing of the mixture as described above, the device being in the position shown in FIG. 12.
  • the cylinder 106 When the desired pressure is reached (and sensed for example by manometers), the cylinder 106 is neutralized and the motor 105 is restarted, still in engagement with the groove 104 thanks to the length of the latter, but at a speed such that the shaft 100 rotates more fast as the axis 4, and in the same direction, so that the threads 101 and 102 somehow "screw” into the mixture present behind them under the uninterrupted action of the thread 3, and go up axially to that the shaft 100 has found the position it occupies in Figure 11.
  • the cylinder 106 is again supplied to push the threads 101 and 102 and the cycle begins again. It is noted that the drive of the shaft 100 by the motor 105 occurs regardless of the axial position of this shaft 100 and even during its sliding inside the axis 4.
  • a cable gland 111 is provided on its free end which can also serve as a support and guide for the shaft 100 if the latter does not slide exactly in the axis 4.
  • This embodiment provides that the capacity 14 is stationary and that the relative movement between it and the piston is caused by sliding of the latter, unlike the embodiment of FIGS. 5 to 7.
  • a regular and maximum progressive pressure is obtained at the end of the capacity over all of the material therein, but according to what has just been described, the particularly sensitive zone situated where contact occurs with the material to be pressed at the end of capacity and in the annular space at the outlet of the filter tube. It therefore seems useful to intervene and control these circumferential zones in order to avoid an escape of unpressed materials at the periphery of the solid materials already pressed at the center.
  • the capacity 140 and the shield 500 have surfaces with curved generatrices. A co-ordinated position of these two elements has been shown in solid lines.
  • a force directed towards its virtual axis for example by means of cylinders 1000 regularly distributed, it can be given a narrowed shape represented in dotted lines, because this part of the capacity 140 is produced on the outlet side in a material deformable.
  • these shapes are adjusted to give the dry material outlet section an adjustable value.
  • the passage section By acting on the cylinders 1000 and on the cylinders 2000, it is not only possible to vary the passage section overall but by zones.
  • FIG. 14 a variant is shown according to which the shapes of the capacity 140 and of the shield 500 are no longer curved but in broken lines and, therefore, have lines of inflection 141 and 142, 501, 502 and 503.
  • the jacks 1000 and 2000 constitute only one of the means likely to be used, the main thing being to be able to cause a constriction of the outlet section, either by narrowing the capacity 140, or by extension of the shield, either by these two operations at the same time.
  • the capacity 140 has the shape of a six-sided pyramid trunk whose small base, located upstream side, is limited by the wall 130 in which is provided the central opening 120 for the introduction of the material to be pressed and whose large base is open since it constitutes downstream the outlet of the solid materials.
  • the shield here has the shape of a six-sided pyramid.
  • FIG. 16 it can be seen that in the annular passage delimited by the base of the capacity 140 and by the shield 500, there is a skirt 3000 of substantially circular section. As it extends the capacity 140 in line with the shield 500, it has the effect of reducing the outlet section.
  • skirt 3000 can be useful in certain cases and useless, even harmful, in others it is good that it is removable.
  • FIG. 17 shows another embodiment of the braking mechanism according to which this mechanism comprises, instead of a fixed skirt 3000, a rotary skirt 4000 carrying turns 4001 and integral with an outer crown 4002 engaged with a pinion 4003 of a 4004 gear motor.
  • the rotary skirt 4000 carries rollers 4005 all mounted on their axis and engaged with an annular guide 4006 fixed to the supports 650 and 660 by bolts 4007.
  • the braking effect is obtained by giving the skirt 4000 an appropriate speed of rotation, it being recalled that the turns 4001 are oriented so that the rotation of the skirt 4000 has the effect of extracting the solid fractions and not to compress them. There is therefore always braking but it is all the stronger when the rotation of the skirt 4000 is slow.
  • rollers 4005 and the guide 4006 can be replaced by any other, equivalent, in particular with bearing surfaces made of anti-friction material.
  • FIG. 18 represents a variant according to which the rotary skirt 4000 is provided with a plurality of fins 4008.
  • the braking mechanism is stopped.
  • the capacity 140-shield 500 assembly is set in translational movement to press the mixture against the wall 130, the rotary skirt 4000 is rotated at a given speed, preferably adjustable, so that the solid pressed fractions can leave the capacity 140.
  • the speed of rotation of the skirt 4000 the braking is adapted to the characteristics of the mixture to be treated and the output of the pressed fractions is regulated.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to the pressing of grapes, but can also be used for pressing other industrial or natural products. Among these, there may be mentioned olives, certain seeds, etc.
  • the invention can also be applied to the production of small household presses for obtaining fruit, citrus or vegetable juices, including for obtaining volumes as small as the juice of a single orange or than the volume of a single glass.
  • simplifications in particular for the realization of the retaining force which can be done without adjustment means or, at the very least, with simpler means than the diamond 54 and the cylinder 57 for example.
  • These simplifications come not only from the change in dimensions but also from the change in operation because if the pressing is done continuously, it is necessary, as described, to provide a permanent and coordinated retaining force to the also permanent evacuation of the solid fractions; if the operation is punctual for one or a few fruits, the retaining force can be constant and independent of the evacuation which will be carried out, for example, at the end of pressing in one go.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
  • Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)

Claims (24)

1. Verfahren zur Trennung durch Druck von flüssigen und festen, gut durchmischten Bestandteilen in einer heterogenen Mischung, wie beispielsweise Säfte, Breie, Kerne aus Steinfrüchten und Kernobst, Blüten und pflanzliche Elemente von Früchten wie beispielsweise bei den gelesenen Weintrauben, bei dem man am Eingangsende einen Behälter (14), der seitliche, von dünnen Öffnungen (15) durchstoßenen Wandungen hat, dem Sinne nach "aufwärts/abwärts" mit dem heterogenen Gemisch füllt, man dann die Zulieferung des Gemisches abbricht, danach verursacht man eine Verpressung, die eine lineare Relativbewegung zwischen dem Behälter (14) und einen nicht drehbaren, einen vor dem Eingangsende liegenden Kolben formenden Teil (10-13, 103), der den Behälter (14) von oben bis unten durchdringt, verursacht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man am dem Eingangsende gegnübergelegenen Ausgangsende des Behälters (14) eine zurückhaltende Gegenkraft einleitet, die dem Sinne nach "aufwärts/abwärts" und koaxial zum Behälter (14) gerichtet ist und die auf die Bestandteile des eingebrachten heterogenen Gemisches wirkt, so daß sich ein Kuchen der festen Bestandteile zunehmend anhäuft, während ein Raum als ringförmige, in etwa koaxiale Auslaßöffnung ausgespart wird, daß man nach der Verpressung des heterogenen Gemisches, die gleichzeitig das Austreten zumindest eines Teiles der flüssigen Bestandteile seitlich durch die Wandung des Behälters (14) bewirkt und das Austreten eines Teils des Kuchens der festen Bestandteile durch den Ausgangsbereich, die lineare Relativbewegung anhält und daß man dann in hintereinander abfolgenden Zyklen ein neuerliches Einleiten des Gemisches und dessen Verpressung in dem Behälter (14) veranlaßt, wobei der Druck auf den Wert der zurückhaltenden Kraft am Ausgang abgestimmt ist.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man zur Verursachung der Verpressung den Behälter (14) unbeweglich festhält und man das einen Kolben formenden Teil (103) im Sinne aufwärts/abwärts durch eine axiale Verschiebungsbewegung bezüglich des Behälters (14) verschiebt.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man den Druck im Behälter (14) und die zurückhaltende Gegenkraft aufeinander abstimmt, um in dem Behälter (14) eine Kraft zu erzeugen, die von dem Eingangsende aus bis zu einen Bereich hin, der direkt neben dem Ausgangsende liegt, schwach zunimmt, wobei man im Ausgangsbereich des Behälters eine deutliche Erhöhung der zurückhaltenden Kraft verursacht.
4. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 und Anspruch 3 mit einem Behälter (14), dessen Seitenwände von dünnen Öffnungen (15) durchstoßen sind und der zwei offene gegenüberliegende Enden aufweist, deren eine "Eingangsöffnung" genannt wird und die gegenüber einem einen Kolben formenden Teil (10-13) gelegen ist und die mit einer Öffnung (12) zum Einlassen des Gemisches in den Behälter (14) versehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Behälter einen stromabwärts leicht zunehmenden Querschnitt aufweist und daß die Vorrichtung ein Schild (50-80-500) aufweist, das mit dem anderen Ende verbunden ist, das "Ausgangsende" genannt wird, wobei der Aufbaubehälter (14) Schutzschild (50-80-500) beweglich bezüglich des einen Kolben formenden Teiles (10-13) montiert sind, um den Inhalt gegen das Schild (50-80-500) zu pressen, wobei sich der Kuchen der festen Bestandteile abscheidet, der dann um das Schild (50-80-500) herum entfernt werden muß.
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Schild (50) elastisch beweglich in der Längsrichtung des Behälters (14) angebracht ist, um eine mehr oder weniger große, ringförmige, koaxiale Öffnung als Auslaß für die festen Bestandteile aufrechtzuerhalten, wobei Mittel (30-31) zur Durchführung einer linearen Relativbewegung zwischen dem Behälter (14) und den einen Kolben formenden Teilen (10-13) vorgesehen sind.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das einen Kolben formende Teil aus der Stirnwand (13) einer hohlen Hülse (11) besteht, die am Ende einer mit einen Trichter (1) zur Einfüllung des heterogenen Gemisches versehenen Wanne (2) liegt und die mit einer Förderschnecke (3) zusammenwirkt, welche vor einer die Mitte der Stirnwand (13) durchbrechenden Öffnung (12) der Hülse (11) liegt, wobei die Schnecke (3) so ausgebildet ist, daß sie an ihrem Ende zumindest einen Abschnitt (10) aufweist, der annähernd rechtwinklig zu der Achse (4) der Schnecke (3) steht.
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das einen Kolben formende Teil (11-13) beweglich angebracht ist, wohingegen der Behälter (14) feststeht.
8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das einen Kolben formende Teil aus zumindest einer Flanke der freistehenden Schnecke (101-102-103) gebildet wird und das mit zwei verschiedenen Mechanismen (105, 106) beweglich verbunden ist, von denen je einer zur rotatorischen bzw. axialen, translatorischen Mitnahme vorgesehen ist, und dessen Ende so ausgebildet ist, daß, es zumindest einen Abschnitt (103) aufweist, der in etwa rechtwinklig zu seiner Achse steht.
9. Vorrichtung nach den Ansprüchen 5 und 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Achse (4) der Schnecke (3) hohl ist und von einer freitragenden Welle (100) durchstoßen wird, die die Wendel der Schnecke (101, 102) trägt und die sich somit in der Verlängerung der Schnecke (3) erstreckt, wobei die Welle (100) mit Mechanismen (105, 106) verbunden ist, die unabhängig von der Achse (4) der Schnecke (3) zur rotatorischen bzw. axialen translatorischen Mitnahme vorgesehen sind.
10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stirnwand (13) eine mit einer Rückschlagklappe (70-74) versehene mittige Öffnung aufweist.
11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Behälter (140) und/oder das Schild (500) einen verformbaren Querschnitt aufweisen.
12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Querschnitt des Behälters Biegungen oder unterbrochene, verformbare Linien mit zumindest einen Wendepunkt aufweist.
13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Querschnitt des Schildes Biegungen oder unterbrochene, deformierbare Linien mit zumindest einen Wendepunkt aufweist.
14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die verformbaren Querschnitte geeignet sind, entweder konvexe oder konkave Abschnitte aufzuweisen.
15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie einen am Ausgang des Behälter (140) gelegenen Bremsmechanismus (3000) aufweist.
16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Bremsmechanismus durch eine in der Verlängerung des Behälters gelegene Schürze gebildet wird.
17. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Bremsmechanismus zumindest einen drehbeweglichen, ringförmigen Abschnitt aufweist und mit den Mitteln verbunden ist, die zur Mitnahme, vorzugsweise durch regelbare Geschwindigkeit, vorgesehen sind.
18. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der ringförmige Bereich eine Einfassung aufweist, die an zumindest einem inneren, spiralförmigen Teil mit zumindest einen Umlauf befestigt ist, wobei Drehsinn und Ganghöhe der Spirale zur Entfernung der festen Anteile ausgelegt sind und nicht zu deren Kompression.
19. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der ringförmige Abschnitt eine Einfassung aufweist, an der innere, spiralförmige Schaufeln befestigt sind.
20. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Behälter (14) mit einer durch eine Schnecke (80) gebildeten Ausräumvorrichtung über deren Achse verbunden ist, deren Durchmesser vorzugsweise der Richtung aufwärts/abwärts zunimmt, wobei Mittel (81-83) zur Verursachung einer Rotationsbewegung zwischen dem Behälter (14) und der Schnecke (80) vorgesehen sind.
21. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die äußere Kante (80a) der Schnecke (80) geschärft ist.
22. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Behälter (14) in Längsrichtung verlaufende innere Rippen aufweist.
23. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Schild (50) filterartig aufgebaut ist und sozusagen von Löchern zum Auslassen der flüssigen Bestandteile durchbrochen ist.
24. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Querschnitt des Behälters und der Schildes entweder kreisförmig oder polygonal ist.
EP86401388A 1985-06-26 1986-06-24 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trennen von Feststoff-/Flüssigkeitsanteilen, insbesondere von Fruchtsäften Expired - Lifetime EP0211706B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86401388T ATE55945T1 (de) 1985-06-26 1986-06-24 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trennen von feststoff-/fluessigkeitsanteilen, insbesondere von fruchtsaeften.

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8509689A FR2584020B1 (fr) 1985-06-26 1985-06-26 Dispositif de presse a tube-filtre auto-pressurant
FR8509689 1985-06-26
FR8515712 1985-10-23
FR8515712A FR2588725B1 (fr) 1985-06-26 1985-10-23 Procede et dispositif pour separer des fractions liquides et solides, notamment de jus de fruits
FR8517905A FR2590839B2 (fr) 1985-12-02 1985-12-02 Perfectionnement aux dispositifs de presse a tube filtre auto-pressurant
FR8517905 1985-12-02

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EP0211706A2 EP0211706A2 (de) 1987-02-25
EP0211706A3 EP0211706A3 (en) 1987-03-18
EP0211706B1 true EP0211706B1 (de) 1990-08-29

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2677921A1 (fr) * 1991-06-24 1992-12-24 Henry Michel Presse semi-continue pour l'extraction de l'huile d'olive ou autres oleagineux.
EP0565824B1 (de) * 1992-04-11 1996-04-24 Voith Sulzer Stoffaufbereitung GmbH Presse zur Entwässerung von durch Komprimieren entwässerbaren Materialien
ITRM20080361A1 (it) * 2008-07-02 2008-10-02 Franco Tomassoli Pressa continua oleoidraulica pneumatica per spremitura frutti polposi
CN116570958B (zh) * 2023-04-21 2023-10-03 山东康普善生物技术有限公司 一种高纯度白藜芦醇提取设备及提取方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR542278A (fr) * 1921-10-13 1922-08-08 Cassan Fils Perfectionnements aux pressoirs continus à hélices
FR733544A (fr) * 1931-03-17 1932-10-07 Mij Tot Exploitatie Van Ten Bo Filtre
US2367677A (en) * 1942-04-06 1945-01-23 Robert B Haines Continuous press
FR1240912A (fr) * 1959-11-16 1960-09-09 Presse essoreuse continue à vis à réglage progressif en marche
US3111082A (en) * 1962-01-19 1963-11-19 Leje & Thurne Ab Apparatus for dewatering suspensions and dry-pressing of the dry substance contained therein
FR1515818A (fr) * 1963-03-26 1968-03-08 Ultimate Res & Dev Procédé pour recueillir des liquides à partir de substances végétales
GB1170315A (en) * 1967-03-02 1969-11-12 Stork & Co Nv Improvements in and relating to a Low Pressure Fruit Press, particularly for Oil Palm Fruits
DE2023376A1 (de) * 1970-05-13 1971-11-25 Scholz, Walter, 7333 Ebersbach Kontinuierliche Presse zum Auspressen von Flüssigkeit enthaltenden Produkten
FR2098912A5 (en) * 1970-07-23 1972-03-10 Fabbri Frederic Sepn appts for juices - from wine by -prods
FR2182327A5 (de) * 1972-04-24 1973-12-07 Bosredon Pierre De
DE2806488A1 (de) * 1978-02-16 1979-08-23 Dambach Ind Anlagen Vorrichtung zum entwaessern und verdichten von rechengut, muell o.dgl.
FR2486452A1 (fr) * 1980-07-09 1982-01-15 Programark Sa Machine pour l'essorage notamment des ordures menageres
DE3122131C2 (de) * 1981-06-04 1986-09-25 Günther 7913 Senden Abel Vorrichtung zur Entnahme und Entwässerung von Feststoffen aus Flüssigkeiten, insbesondere aus Gerinnen von Kläranlagen
AU555585B2 (en) * 1982-06-29 1986-10-02 Josef Willmes Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Screw-membrane liquid expression press

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EP0211706A2 (de) 1987-02-25
EP0211706A3 (en) 1987-03-18
CA1307443C (fr) 1992-09-15
ES2000914A6 (es) 1988-04-01
DE3673724D1 (de) 1990-10-04

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