EP0212469A2 - Elément de construction réfractaire et procédé pour sa fabrication - Google Patents

Elément de construction réfractaire et procédé pour sa fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0212469A2
EP0212469A2 EP86110921A EP86110921A EP0212469A2 EP 0212469 A2 EP0212469 A2 EP 0212469A2 EP 86110921 A EP86110921 A EP 86110921A EP 86110921 A EP86110921 A EP 86110921A EP 0212469 A2 EP0212469 A2 EP 0212469A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component according
insert
insert part
gas discharge
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86110921A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0212469A3 (en
EP0212469B1 (fr
Inventor
Bernhard Dr. Dipl.-Phys. Otte
Rudolf Schwarz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Novelis Deutschland GmbH
Original Assignee
Alcan Aluminiumwerk Nuernberg GmbH
Alcan Aluminiumwerke GmbH
Alcan Deutschland GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcan Aluminiumwerk Nuernberg GmbH, Alcan Aluminiumwerke GmbH, Alcan Deutschland GmbH filed Critical Alcan Aluminiumwerk Nuernberg GmbH
Publication of EP0212469A2 publication Critical patent/EP0212469A2/fr
Publication of EP0212469A3 publication Critical patent/EP0212469A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0212469B1 publication Critical patent/EP0212469B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/14—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product the objects being filamentary or particulate in form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/10—Pistons  having surface coverings
    • F02F3/12—Pistons  having surface coverings on piston heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases
    • F02F7/0085—Materials for constructing engines or their parts
    • F02F7/0087—Ceramic materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/021—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
    • F05C2253/16—Fibres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat-resistant component, consisting of a cast part and an insert part, at least partially surrounded by its base material, by casting, which consists of a fine-porous, heat-resistant material, in particular a ceramic material or a cermet, and methods for producing such components.
  • Heat-resistant components such as combustion chamber components, namely piston and / or cylinder heads and inlet and exhaust ports of cylinder heads, locally contain insert parts made of a fine-porous, heat-resistant material, in particular a ceramic material or a cermet, which are embedded in the base material, e.g. Aluminum, the castings are at least partially cast or shrunk (see e.g. DE-PS 725 761 and DE-PS 23 54 254).
  • the fine-porous structure of the material of the insert parts proves to be disadvantageous.
  • the gas volume contained in the pores of the material of the insert parts expands when the insert is cast with melt due to the temperature increase that occurs and attempts to escape over the entire surface.
  • the surface tension of the melt possibly supported by the oxide skin that forms, prevents the escape of individual small bubbles.
  • the object of the invention is to provide components of the type described, in which there is a gas-bubble-free encapsulation of the insert by the encapsulation material, and to propose a method for producing such components, which ensures that the gases emerging from the insert during the encapsulation are harmless can be derived.
  • This object is achieved in the case of components of the presupposed type in that the insert part is designed or prepared in such a way that an unobstructed outflow of the gases released from the insert part during the pouring process is made possible.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that the insert parts made of the porous, heat-resistant materials mentioned give off gases due to the thermal load during the casting. These collect, at least in part, in the parting line between the insert part and the casting and expand there with the result that gas cavities form in the casting material. This finding is surprising because ceramic materials or cermet are considered to be inert materials in which gassing can be ruled out, especially since the insert parts have already been subjected to a heat treatment, namely sintering, so that it could be assumed that this The process has essentially expelled the gaseous substances.
  • the applicant's older patent application P 34 20 571.3 relates to the problem of dissipating gases in relevant components which collect gases when the temperature fluctuates between insert and casting metal.
  • these gases can lead to the insert being cast in such a way that it gradually migrates out of the encapsulating encapsulation material, which can destroy the entire component.
  • the solution to this problem is that at least one gas pressure relief bore is provided in the casting for relieving the gas pressure building up between the insert and the casting, which leads from the parting line between the insert and the casting to a free surface of the casting.
  • the solution according to the invention deals with the harmless removal of the gases released when the insert is cast around.
  • the measures proposed by the present invention can of course be carried out In some cases, the gases that are released during operation due to the thermal load on the component can also be easily removed.
  • the invention makes use of proposals of the core technology of the foundry technology, which are also aimed at deriving the gas discharge from the Achieve mold and core materials. Only the realization that the insert parts in question gas despite the inert materials chosen for this opened the possibility of using the knowledge from the core technology to solve the problems addressed.
  • DE-AS 21 63 717 makes a strict distinction between the insert parts in question, called hollow cores there, as also in DE-PS 23 54 254, and the actual cores in the sense of a conventional casting process (DE-AS 21 63 717, column 2, lines 42 ff.).
  • an unobstructed outflow of the Outgassing emerging gases can be formed both inside the insert and on its surface with respect to a surface open gas discharge channels.
  • the openings of the gas discharge ducts provided in the interior of the insert part can lie in the gas discharge ducts provided on the surface, so that the latter form collecting ducts by means of which the gases escaping under expansion can be collected and guided to a discharge point.
  • the channels guided inside the insert part can be formed by slits, perforations or the like.
  • the gas discharge channels guided on the surface of the insert part can be produced by a surface structure which form open flow paths for the gas escaping flatly. These open channels must be dimensioned so that the surface tension and the oxide skin of the melt prevent the surface structure from being filled.
  • the escaping gas can reach individual suction bores via the gas-carrying surface structure.
  • the structure can cover the surface of the cast part in whole or in part.
  • the openings of the gas discharge channels inside the insert must also be designed with respect to their cross-section so that on the one hand the melt of the base material cannot penetrate during the remelting process with the vacuum applied, on the other hand the escape and suction of the gases is not hindered.
  • a gas-permeable and / or gas-conducting layer may be arranged at least between the surface of the insert part on which a gas discharge duct ends or is provided and the cast part consisting of the base material.
  • this layer contributes completely or partially to the fact that the melt does not enter the gas discharge channels during the casting process and, on the other hand, that the gas expelled from the insert part can be easily discharged.
  • This layer can be produced by placing or wrapping a foil on or around the pouring part, preferably a foil made of metal. It will preferably have a melting point above the casting temperature of the casting metal. However, their melting can e.g. but can also be prevented solely by cooling them sufficiently intensely by contact with colder bodies.
  • the gas-carrying layer is formed by the space between the surface of the insert and the film.
  • the layer can also consist of a fiber or felt mat, preferably ceramic or graphite.
  • the mats can be coated gas-impermeably on one side, preferably towards the side of the casting metal.
  • the layer intended for gas discharge can also be produced by spraying on or spreading on suitable compositions.
  • the filling expediently consists of a fiber or felt material, preferably ceramic or graphite.
  • an absorbent material as a type of insert at the desired points on the insert part.
  • the degree of porosity can then e.g. through the choice of density or through the absorbency of this material, e.g. Sponge, fibers, etc. can be varied. If fibers, threads, bristles or the like are involved, the ventability or suction capability can be influenced by the orientation of these fibers or the like.
  • the absorbent material can either remain in the sintered insert, e.g. if the fibers are ceramic or graphite, or if they are sintered by burning, volatilization or by a chemical process, e.g. when using foam, graphite or organic sponges.
  • the solution according to the invention also relates to methods for producing components of the type described.
  • the gas discharge channels described can be generated in the insert part in its green state. This can e.g. when slipping or pressing can be achieved by inserting non-absorbent wires, pins, threads, etc. into the manufacturing mold. These are removed from the green compact in that they are firmly connected to the mold and thus remain in the mold when the mold is opened. However, it is also possible to pull these tools out of the green body after removal from the mold. Chemical or thermal removal, e.g. when sintering the green body, can be thought.
  • the gas discharge channels provided on the surface of the insert can be produced by creating a surface structure on the insert. In the case of slip or pressing, this can be done by means of correspondingly structured surfaces of the production mold.
  • the surface structure can also be created by material removal, either in the green state or after sintering, e.g. by etching, milling, sawing, ultrasonic or laser ablation. It is also conceivable to produce the structure by inserting structure-forming nets, fabrics and the like into the manufacturing mold. The removal of these structure-forming elements can e.g. done chemically, thermally or mechanically.
  • a structured porous surface layer e.g. made of ceramic, metal or metal ceramic, to be sprayed onto the insert.
  • the gas removal during the manufacturing process can be promoted by external suction after a further manufacturing process.
  • the gas removal during the manufacturing process can be promoted by external suction after a further manufacturing process.
  • the composite component consists of a Gu3 part 10, e.g. made of aluminium.
  • An insert 20 is at least partially cast into the casting 10.
  • This insert 20 consists of a fine-porous, heat-resistant material, in particular a ceramic material or a cermet. With its surface 22, the insert part 20 is exposed to the thermal stress when enclosed by the molten metal.
  • the component 10, 20 e.g. a cylinder head, forms the free surface 21 of the insert 20 e.g. part of the fuel gas outlet channels.
  • Slits or perforations 23 are formed in the insert part 20 from the free surface 21 to the surface 22 facing the cast part 10, which form the gas discharge channels already described in detail. Through these gas discharge channels 23, the gas expanding during the casting process can be driven to the surfaces 21, 22 of the casting part 20 and can be discharged from there. This derivation takes place e.g. with respect to the surface 21 in that there allows a free outflow or a corresponding negative pressure is built up.
  • a layer 30, for example a layer 30, is provided between this surface 22 of the insert part 20 and the associated counter surface 11 of the cast part 10. consisting of a ceramic fiber mat.
  • This layer 30 is particularly gas-conducting in that the fibers of the layer are oriented in the direction of the desired gas flow, i.e. in the present case approximately parallel to the surfaces 11 and 22.
  • the gas collected in the layer 30 is easily guided to edge regions of the layer 30 due to the gas pressure, from where it can be discharged.
  • This discharge can e.g. in that a suction pin 40 (FIG. 3) is guided through the casting 10 into the region of the layer 30 in which the gas is to collect and from where it is then sucked off via the suction pin 40.
  • this filling 31 prevents cast metal from penetrating into the gas discharge channels 23 and, on the other hand, promotes gas discharge from the gas discharge channels 23, in particular when the fibers of the filling 31 are oriented in the channel direction.
  • the mat 30 made of, in particular, ceramic fibers according to FIG. 1 can also be replaced by a metal foil 32, which likewise drains the gas moving out of the discharge channels 23 in this direction between itself and the adjacent surface 22 of the insert part promotes.
  • a metal foil 32 which likewise drains the gas moving out of the discharge channels 23 in this direction between itself and the adjacent surface 22 of the insert part promotes.
  • surface channels 24 are also provided, which are open towards the film and into which the gas discharge channels 23 guided inside the insert part 20 open.
  • the surface channels 24 thus form manifolds in which a plurality of gas discharge channels 23 end and in which the gas expelled from the insert part 20 is led into a collecting area, from which it then e.g. is derived by external suction.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
EP86110921A 1985-08-29 1986-08-07 Elément de construction réfractaire et procédé pour sa fabrication Expired - Lifetime EP0212469B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853530924 DE3530924A1 (de) 1985-08-29 1985-08-29 Hitzebestaendiges bauteil und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
DE3530924 1985-08-29

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0212469A2 true EP0212469A2 (fr) 1987-03-04
EP0212469A3 EP0212469A3 (en) 1987-08-19
EP0212469B1 EP0212469B1 (fr) 1990-02-07

Family

ID=6279695

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86110921A Expired - Lifetime EP0212469B1 (fr) 1985-08-29 1986-08-07 Elément de construction réfractaire et procédé pour sa fabrication

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0212469B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH07102443B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1307645C (fr)
DE (2) DE3530924A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2001277A6 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0340946A3 (en) * 1988-05-02 1990-01-31 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Heat insulating ceramic articles for use in exhaust channels in internal combustion engines and a process for producing the same
WO2011124345A1 (fr) * 2010-04-07 2011-10-13 Vautid Gmbh Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce coulée présentant une résistance à l'usure améliorée, au moins par endroits
CN114206524A (zh) * 2020-02-11 2022-03-18 曼格特奥克斯国际有限公司 复合材料磨损零件

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6330168A (ja) * 1986-07-21 1988-02-08 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd セラミツクス・金属複合体の製造法
DE3804801A1 (de) * 1988-02-16 1989-08-24 Audi Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von leichtmetall-gussteilen
DE3816979A1 (de) * 1988-05-18 1989-11-30 Wacker Chemie Gmbh Waermedaemmformkoerper auf der basis von verpresstem, mikroporoesem waermedaemmstoff mit einer umhuellung auf der basis von metallen
DE3903310C2 (de) * 1989-02-04 1992-10-22 Mahle Gmbh Verfahren zur herstellung eines mit einem porösen nachtraeglich auslösbaren einlageteil zu versehenden formgussteiles aus insbesondere aluminium.
DE4102358C2 (de) * 1991-01-26 2000-05-11 Volkswagen Ag Im Druckgußverfahren herzustellendes Formteil, Verfahren zur Herstellung des Formteils sowie Hohlkörper zur Einlage in das Formteil
DE19650613B4 (de) * 1996-12-06 2005-12-29 Daimlerchrysler Ag Bauteil mit einem Metallschaum-Kern
DE19803397A1 (de) * 1998-01-29 1999-08-05 Volkswagen Ag Gießform zum Herstellen von Gußstücken
DE102012104820B4 (de) * 2012-06-04 2014-10-09 Actech Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbundgussteilen

Family Cites Families (13)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE725761C (de) * 1940-04-03 1942-09-29 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Kolben, insbesondere Leichtmetallkolben fuer schnellaufende Brennkraftmaschinen
AU456352B2 (en) * 1970-12-27 1974-12-19 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method for producing heat insulating castings
JPS5116168B2 (fr) * 1972-11-01 1976-05-22
JPS5292827A (en) * 1976-01-16 1977-08-04 Honda Motor Co Ltd Method of manufacturing structures with fiber reinforced composite parts
US4318438A (en) * 1977-09-27 1982-03-09 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method for casting a fiber-reinforced composite article
US4245611A (en) * 1978-09-05 1981-01-20 General Motors Corporation Ceramic insulated engine pistons
DE2917208A1 (de) * 1979-04-27 1980-12-04 Alcan Aluminiumwerke Giesskern zur erzeugung schwer zugaenglicher hohlraeume in gusstuecken, sowie verfahren zu dessen herstellung
DE3126028A1 (de) * 1981-07-02 1983-01-20 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Keramikwandung zur auskleidung von brennraeumen
US4404262A (en) * 1981-08-03 1983-09-13 International Harvester Co. Composite metallic and refractory article and method of manufacturing the article
DE3328435A1 (de) * 1982-09-10 1984-03-15 Volkswagenwerk Ag, 3180 Wolfsburg Kolben fuer brennkraftmaschinen
DE3246713A1 (de) * 1982-12-17 1984-06-20 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Bauteile fuer brennkraftmaschinen
DE3309699A1 (de) * 1983-03-18 1984-09-27 Feldmühle AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Waermeisolierende auskleidung
DE3420571C1 (de) * 1984-06-01 1986-01-09 Alcan Aluminiumwerk Nürnberg GmbH, 6000 Frankfurt Bauteil fuer Verbrennungsmotoren und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0340946A3 (en) * 1988-05-02 1990-01-31 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Heat insulating ceramic articles for use in exhaust channels in internal combustion engines and a process for producing the same
US4972674A (en) * 1988-05-02 1990-11-27 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Heat insulating ceramic insert-cast articles for use in exhaust channels in internal combustion engines and a process for producing the same
WO2011124345A1 (fr) * 2010-04-07 2011-10-13 Vautid Gmbh Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce coulée présentant une résistance à l'usure améliorée, au moins par endroits
CN114206524A (zh) * 2020-02-11 2022-03-18 曼格特奥克斯国际有限公司 复合材料磨损零件

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3530924A1 (de) 1987-03-12
CA1307645C (fr) 1992-09-22
EP0212469A3 (en) 1987-08-19
EP0212469B1 (fr) 1990-02-07
JPS6297758A (ja) 1987-05-07
ES2001277A6 (es) 1988-05-01
DE3530924C2 (fr) 1988-04-14
DE3668948D1 (de) 1990-03-15
JPH07102443B2 (ja) 1995-11-08

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