EP0218733B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum schnellen Trocknen von keramischen Produkten - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum schnellen Trocknen von keramischen Produkten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0218733B1
EP0218733B1 EP85112264A EP85112264A EP0218733B1 EP 0218733 B1 EP0218733 B1 EP 0218733B1 EP 85112264 A EP85112264 A EP 85112264A EP 85112264 A EP85112264 A EP 85112264A EP 0218733 B1 EP0218733 B1 EP 0218733B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
room
vacuum
tunnel
air
tunnel structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85112264A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0218733A2 (de
EP0218733A3 (en
Inventor
Giulio Galeone
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ART CERAMICHE Srl
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ART CERAMICHE Srl
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Publication date
Application filed by ART CERAMICHE Srl filed Critical ART CERAMICHE Srl
Publication of EP0218733A2 publication Critical patent/EP0218733A2/de
Publication of EP0218733A3 publication Critical patent/EP0218733A3/en
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Publication of EP0218733B1 publication Critical patent/EP0218733B1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
    • B28B11/243—Setting, e.g. drying, dehydrating or firing ceramic articles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
    • F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum

Definitions

  • Dryers for ceramics of the static type under air stream are known, or of the type where the pieces to be dried are placed in an oven, the walls of which are surrounded by heat radiating surface, fed with electric current or heated liquid. It is also known the difficulty of drying ceramics of certain size in a short time.
  • the US Patent 1.415.623 uses a double chamber plant to dry goods. In the first are placed the goods to dry while the second is left empty acting as a compensation room (not isolated and therefore colder than the first) and subjected to light vacuum into which air coming from the first room is directed.
  • process of the present invention allows to match the physical condition of the material during the various stages of drying (drying together with shrinkage or drying alone).
  • the present invention provides for two possible solutions as claimed in claim 1 and 4:
  • Air may be preheated or it is heated through the supply ducts which are arranged inside the drying oven. Air motion is automatically caused by the high pressure differential between internal room and external environment. Duration and use of each stage depends on the shape of the article, the type of material and humidity contents with which the article enters the dryer.
  • the first stage is particularly suitable to reach the shrinkage of material.
  • the second stage which is the most efficient, is that allowing to decrease strongly the drying time because of the high turbulence caused by the inlet device where air reaches a speed close to the sound velocity, so that even the most recessed zones of the article are touched and dangerous zones of concentrated drying are avoided.
  • the third stage allows to complete quickly the drying cycle quickly because of the increased vacuum, so as to remove even the last spots of residual humidity.
  • the second solution (claim 4) is particularly suitable for plants having a high output, combining in a single operation the first two stages at ambient pressure and employing two separate rooms, namely:
  • the reference numeral 1 is a dryer for ceramic material of known type as to form and shape, substantially comprising a metal inner structure 2 with parallelepipedal section in the form of a tunnel, externally covered by an insulating shell 3 enclosed by a protective envelope 4.
  • a set of radiating panels 5 of electric type or fed with diathermic oil, so as to give the heat required for evaporation of water contained in the ceramic products to be dried.
  • the dryer is also provided in its lower part with rails 6 and 7 on which trolleys 8 are running, on which the pieces 9 to be dried are placed, as well as with a door 10 which is closed once the dryer is loaded, and the foregoing is the known prior art structure.
  • a pipe 11 is inserted, in communication at one end with the interior of the oven and connected at the other end with a vacuum pump 12.
  • Even more than one pump may be provided for a better distribution of suction in the oven, or for better commensuration of suction or vacuum level to the type of material to be processed, so as to avoid use of a too large apparatus when a smaller vacuum and:or suction is required.
  • Sucked air may be preheated, if necessary, but is generally sufficient the heating obtained by the simple passage in the pipes delivering it inside the oven.
  • the plant consists of two independent elements 101 and 201 arranged is series.
  • the element 101 the first stage of quick drying with shrinkage takes place, and in the element 201 occurs the second stage of final drying without shrinkage.
  • the element 101 is substantially a dryer for ceramic materials of known type as to shape and form, essentially comprising an internal metal structure 102 of parallelepipedal section in the form of a tunnel, externally covered with an insulating 103 enclosed in a protective envelope 104.
  • an internal metal structure 102 of parallelepipedal section in the form of a tunnel, externally covered with an insulating 103 enclosed in a protective envelope 104.
  • blowing pipes 105, 105' etc. provided with nozzles adapted to produce a laminar blow.
  • the dryer is also provided in its lower part rails 106, 107 on which trolleys 108 are running, on which the pieces 109 to be dried are placed, the tunnel is closed at its ends by moving lamellar elements 110, adapted to allow passage therethrough of the trolleys with the material and at the same time a certain air sealing.
  • blowing pipes are connected to one or more manifolds 111 in turn connected to one or more fans 112 adapted to suck hot air from a suitable source and to supply it to the blowing pipes 105, 105'.
  • the relative position between blowing pipes and material to be dried does not remain stationary, but on the contrary an alternative motion is imparted either to the blowing pipes or to the trolleys during the whole drying time which takes place in the short term of about one hour, the motion having a width equal to the distance between two blowing pipes in order to sweep with the blown air the material to be dried.
  • the device for effecting the alternative motion is not shown in the drawings, but there are several devices of different mechanical, pneumatic or hydraulic type which are well known to a man skilled in the art.
  • the element 201 is also substantially a drying oven for ceramic materials of known type as to shape and form, essentially comprising an internal metal structure 202 of parallelepipedal section in the form of a tunnel, externally covered by an insulating shell 203 enclosed in a protective envelope 204.
  • an internal metal structure 202 of parallelepipedal section in the form of a tunnel externally covered by an insulating shell 203 enclosed in a protective envelope 204.
  • a set of radiating panels 205 of electric type or heated with diathermic oil, so as to produce the heat required for evaporation of water contained in the ceramic products to be dried.
  • Even more than one pump may be provided for a better distribution of suction in the oven, or for better commensuration of suction or vacuum level to the type of material to be processed, so as to avoid use of a too large apparatus when a smaller vacuum is required.
  • Trolleys are loaded with materials to be dried and are introduced in the first dryer 101 until it is full.
  • Fan 112 introducing hot air in the oven and alternative motion device for the trolleys or blowing pipes are actuated.
  • trolleys are transferred to the second drying oven 201.
  • Air-tight doors 206 and 207 are closed, the heating device 205 and the vacuum pump 209 are actuated and at the same time additional trolleys are introduced in the first dryer 101.
  • the pump is stopped, doors are open and oven is unloaded so as to be ready for a new operative cycle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Claims (12)

1. Verfahren für die Schnelltrocknung von Keramikwaren, das die nachstehenden aufeinander abfolgenden Phasen umfasst:
Erhitzung der Keramik in einem statischen oder leichtventilierten Raum bei konstantem Druck, der gleich dem Umgebungsdruck ist;
Schaffung eines Unterdrucks in diesem Raum von ungefähr380 Torr und Zufuhr von Luft in einer Weise, die grosse Turbulenz erzeugt;
Unterbrechung der Luftzufuhr und Verstärkung des Unterdrucks auf ungefähr 45 Torr.
2. Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäss Patentanspruch 1, bestehend aus einer Tunnel- Struktur (2) einschliesslich Trockenraum, Elementen (5) zum Aufheizen des Raumes, einer Einblasvorrichtung in der Tunnel- Struktur für die Luftzufuhr in den Raum, die aus einer Reihe von vertikalen Rohren (13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18) entlang der vertikalen Tunnelwände (2) mit längs darauf verteilten Sätzen von Einblasdüsen (19 besteht, diese Düsen sind so ausgerichtet, dass die Blasrichtung zweier benachbarter Sätze um 90° zueinander gerichtet ist, damit im Raum eine grosse Turbulenz erzeugt wird, jeder Rohrsatz einer Seite des Tunnels ist an seinem oberen Ende mit einem horizontalen Rohr oder einem Sammelrohr (20, 21) verbunden, und aus einer Vorrichtung (12) zur Erzeugung des Unterdrucks im Raum, dieserVakuumerzeuger ist so eingestellt, dass er einen grossen Unterdruck von ungefänr 45 Torr erzeugt, wenn die Luftzufuhr durch die Rohre (13,14,15,16, 17, 18) unterbrochen wird.
3. Anlage gemäss Patentanspruch 2, bei der der Vakuumerzeuger (12 so geregelt wird, um einen Unterdruck-Zwischengrad von ungefähr 380 Torr bei laufenden Einblasvorrichtungen zu erzeugen, so dass Luft mit grosser Geschwindigkeit durch die Einblasdüsen (19) einströmt und folglich nur aufgrund der vom Vakuumerzeuger (12) hergestellten Druckdifferenz eine grosse Turbulenz im Raum geschaffen wird.
4. Verfahren zur Schnelltrocknung von Keramikwaren, das die nachstehenden aufeinander abfolgenden Phasen umfasst:
Erhitzung der Keramik in einem stark ventilierten ersten Raum bei Umgebungsdruck;
Transport der Keramik in einen zweiten Raum;
Erzeugung eines Unterdrucks von ungefähr 60-45 Torr mit gleichzeitiger Wärmebehandlung.
5. Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäss Patentanspruch 4, bestehend aus einer ersten Tunnel-Struktur (101) und einer zweiten Tunnel- Struktur (201), die hintereinander angeordnet sind, beide Tunnel (101, 201) sind mit Vorrichtungen (110,206,207) zum Schliessen ihrer offenen Enden versehen, der erste Tunnel (101) verfügt über Elemente (105,105', 112) zur Heizung und Ventilation des Raumes bei Umgebungsdruck und der zweite Tunnel (201) verfügt über Heizelemente und einen Vakuumerzeuger, der einen Unterdruck von ungefähr 60-45 Torr im zweiten Tunnel (201) herstellen kann.
6. Anlage gemäss Patentanspruch 5, die durch die Tatsache gekennzeichnet ist, dass in den zwei Tunnel- Strukturen (101 und 201) zwei Schienen (106, 107) angebracht sind, auf denen ein Wagen (108) die zu trocknenden Werkstücke transportieren kann.
7. Anlage gemäss Patentanspruch 5, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Tunnel-Struktur (101) an ihren Enden mit Lamellenelementen (110) geschlossen ist, die durch ihre Beweglichkeit das Einfahren der Werkstücke gestatten, aber nicht das Austreten der in die Tunnel-Struktur eingeblasenen Luft.
8. Anlage gemäss Patentanspruch 6, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass in ihr in Abständen, die annähernd so gross wie der Abstand zwischen den Mittelpunkten zweier Wagen (108) sind, um den inneren Umfang des Trockners herum Einblasrohre (105, 105' usw.) angeordnet sind, die mit Einblasdüsen versehen sind, die einen laminaren Fluss erzeugen können, diese Rohre (105, 105') sind durch ein Sammelrohr (111) verbunden.
9. Anlage gemäss Patentanspruch 8, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass ein Ventilator (112) durch ein Sammelrohr (111) Luft zu den Düsen der Einblasrohre (105) liefert, die von Vorrichtungen ausserhalb des Tunnels vorgeheizt wird.
10. Anlage gemäss Patentanspruch 8 oder 9, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass während der gesamten Dauer der Trocknungsphase entweder die Gebläserohre (105, 105') oder die Wagen (108) eine abwechselnd Vor- und Zurückbewegung ausführen, deren Strecke so lang wie die Distanz zwischen den Mittelpunkten der Gebläserohre ist, diese Bewegung wird mit den bekannten mechanischen, pneumatischen, hydraulischen oder ähnlichen Systemen bewerkstelligt.
11. Anlage gemäss Patentanspruch 5, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass rund um die Innenwände des zweiten Tunnels (201) Plattenheizkörper (205), die mit Strom oder mit diathermischem Öl betrieben werden, angebracht sind, und der Trockner an beiden Enden mit luftdicht abschliessbaren Türen (206, 207) versehen ist.
12. Anlage gemäss den Patentansprüchen 5 und 11, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass in einer Wand der zweiten Tunnel- Struktur (201) ein Rohr (208) eingefügt ist, das mit dem einen Ende in das Tunnelinnnere reicht und dessen anderes Ende mit einer Vakuumpumpe (209) verbunden ist.
EP85112264A 1985-09-13 1985-09-27 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum schnellen Trocknen von keramischen Produkten Expired EP0218733B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT2214485 1985-09-13
IT22144/85A IT1185911B (it) 1985-09-13 1985-09-13 Procedimento per l'essiccazione rapida di ceramica e impianto per realizzarlo

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0218733A2 EP0218733A2 (de) 1987-04-22
EP0218733A3 EP0218733A3 (en) 1988-04-20
EP0218733B1 true EP0218733B1 (de) 1991-01-23

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ID=11192146

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85112264A Expired EP0218733B1 (de) 1985-09-13 1985-09-27 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum schnellen Trocknen von keramischen Produkten

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EP (1) EP0218733B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3581542D1 (de)
IT (1) IT1185911B (de)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0423377B1 (de) * 1989-09-15 1993-11-18 International Business Machines Corporation Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Trocknung von Gegenständen
DE4230066C2 (de) * 1992-09-09 1994-06-16 Aichelin Ind Ofen Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von Industriefässern
DE4328199C1 (de) * 1993-08-21 1994-10-13 Duerr Gmbh & Co Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Trocknen eines nach einer Bearbeitung mit einer Reinigungsflüssigkeit gereinigten Werkstücks
EP1314521A1 (de) * 2001-11-22 2003-05-28 Tecnicas de Vacio, S.L. Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Trocknung von keramischen Fliesen
DE102008013012B4 (de) * 2008-03-07 2010-08-12 Hans Lingl Anlagenbau Und Verfahrenstechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Tunneltrockner zum Trocknen von Formlingen, mit in Querabständen einander gegenüberliegend angeordneten Lufteinlässen
EP2264261A1 (de) * 2009-06-19 2010-12-22 Miquel Ventura Monsó Stange mit Keramikkern und Verfahren zum Erhalten von keramischen Stücken zum Bilden des Kerns
CN108253737A (zh) * 2018-03-07 2018-07-06 吴江市松陵电器设备有限公司 一种将工件置于真空盒内的隧道式干燥装置及方法
CN111203966A (zh) * 2020-02-28 2020-05-29 广东职业技术学院 一种便于对陶瓷固定的陶瓷制作用烘干箱
CN113561300A (zh) * 2020-04-28 2021-10-29 江苏诚意桩业科技发展有限公司 一种管桩预制件生产预养护装置
CN111775294A (zh) * 2020-07-21 2020-10-16 郑州登电昊南热陶瓷材料有限公司 一种用于热陶瓷成型生产线的节能循环型烤箱
CN112622011B (zh) * 2020-12-18 2022-04-26 安徽晶宫绿建集团有限公司 一种混凝土预制构件生产用立体蒸汽养护釜
CN114800820B (zh) * 2022-04-29 2024-01-23 重庆安都陶瓷有限公司 酒坛陶罐胚体自动干燥系统
CN116238036B (zh) * 2023-03-02 2023-10-03 保靖县金锋陶瓷有限责任公司 一种陶瓷酒瓶施釉用的烘干机
CN116697716A (zh) * 2023-06-01 2023-09-05 山东国材工程有限公司 一种电瓷产品的电阴干装置
CN117085810B (zh) * 2023-09-05 2024-02-09 国环高科(北京)环保科技有限公司 全自动土壤研磨烘干筛分系统

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FR489332A (fr) * 1918-03-19 1919-01-22 Vincent De Messimy Procédé et appareil pour la déshydratation des légumes, des fruits et des produits analogues
US1415623A (en) * 1918-10-12 1922-05-09 Vacuum Company Method of drying goods
FR582392A (fr) * 1923-09-04 1924-12-17 Beirnaert Droulers & Toulemond Séchoir continu pour produits céramiques
GB277135A (en) * 1926-06-25 1927-09-15 Drying Systems Inc Improvements in drying devices
US2802281A (en) * 1955-01-27 1957-08-13 Charles F Stone Apparatus for seasoning green wood
DE1202732B (de) * 1961-01-11 1965-10-07 Siemens Ag Trocknungsverfahren mit wechselndem Evakuieren des Trocknungsraumes
GB1413481A (en) * 1972-01-14 1975-11-12 Tweedy Of Burnley Ltd Treatment of foodstuffs
IT1130144B (it) * 1980-06-10 1986-06-11 Vincenzo Pagnozzi Essiccatoio per materiali solidi particolarmente per legname
DE3104499C2 (de) * 1981-02-09 1983-04-07 Rosenthal Ag, 8672 Selb Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von keramischen Formlingen
US4354827A (en) * 1981-04-17 1982-10-19 Midland-Ross Corporation Process and device for improving heat exchange in furnaces heated by radiant heaters

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0218733A2 (de) 1987-04-22
IT1185911B (it) 1987-11-18
DE3581542D1 (de) 1991-02-28
EP0218733A3 (en) 1988-04-20
IT8522144A0 (it) 1985-09-13

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