EP0220575A2 - Mixing and kneading device - Google Patents

Mixing and kneading device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0220575A2
EP0220575A2 EP86114051A EP86114051A EP0220575A2 EP 0220575 A2 EP0220575 A2 EP 0220575A2 EP 86114051 A EP86114051 A EP 86114051A EP 86114051 A EP86114051 A EP 86114051A EP 0220575 A2 EP0220575 A2 EP 0220575A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixing
housing
kneading device
mixer
kneader shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86114051A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0220575B1 (en
EP0220575A3 (en
Inventor
Siegfried Baumgärtner
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Mannesmann Demag Krauss Maffei GmbH
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Krauss Maffei AG
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Priority to AT86114051T priority Critical patent/ATE83946T1/en
Publication of EP0220575A2 publication Critical patent/EP0220575A2/en
Publication of EP0220575A3 publication Critical patent/EP0220575A3/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/60—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
    • B01F27/70—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms
    • B01F27/707—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms the paddles co-operating, e.g. intermeshing, with elements on the receptacle wall

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mixing and kneading device according to the preamble of the claim.
  • a mixing and kneading device of this type is known from DE-PS 23 49 106, in which a toroidal annular space, delimited by these and the housing and the shaft, is formed between each two adjacent disks and has hook-shaped, housing-fixed kneading only in its edge regions - And scraping elements is detected.
  • a toroidal annular space delimited by these and the housing and the shaft, is formed between each two adjacent disks and has hook-shaped, housing-fixed kneading only in its edge regions - And scraping elements is detected.
  • thorough mixing of the product is not guaranteed inside this toroidal space, which can lead to insufficient product homogeneity.
  • a further disadvantage can result from the fact that product residues remain in the interior of the torus space that cannot be discharged, as a result of which the newly added product to be treated in the reactor can be damaged. When changing batches, undesirable product mixing between fresh and finished product can occur.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of achieving thorough mixing of the various product components in the entire product or reaction space, with a uniform dwell time of all product particles located in the reaction space being achieved.
  • the conveying components can be changed as desired, for example, a greater slope can be provided in areas of the kneader shaft in order to ensure sufficient conveying components in radial and axial direction.
  • the deflecting surfaces of the cross-sectional profiles of two mirror arms arranged diagonally offset in mirror image are designed such that both deflecting surfaces result in deflection components of the product flow in the same axial direction and in the opposite radial direction .
  • additional mixing arms fastened to the kneader shaft protrude into the radially inner product space and provide additional shifting and mixing in this area.
  • the additional mixing arm has the diagonal mixer arms in parallel in a shear gap associated shear edges, through which the product experiences intensive shearing and crushing.
  • the additional mixer arm can only carry one shear edge or two shear edges which are alternately guided past the mixer arms which are diagonally offset in mirror image.
  • an L-shaped scraper is arranged on the mixer arm fixed to the housing, from which one leg scrapes the disc element and the other leg scrapes the kneader shaft.
  • stirrers are arranged at the ends of the scraper bars, which at the same time also contribute to the mixing of the radially outer product space.
  • the stirrers with the vertical part of the mixer arm also intensively stir the amount of product in this area.
  • FIG. 1 shows a mixing and kneading device with a kneader shaft 2 arranged coaxially in a cylindrical housing 1, each of which is mounted in an end wall 3 and 4 that closes the housing.
  • the kneader shaft 2 passes through the end wall 4 and is coupled to a drive unit 5.
  • the cylindrical housing 1 is shown broken away in a central partial region, in which the kneader shaft 2 and further functional elements can be seen, which can be seen more clearly from the figures 2 to 4 explained below.
  • the housing 1 shows the housing 1 with a kneader shaft 2 mounted therein, on which disc elements 8 are arranged in planes lying perpendicular to the axis of the housing or kneader shaft, which extend to the inner wall of the housing including a gap.
  • the disk elements 8 have an area corresponding to a sector of 60 °, wherein in each case three disk elements 8 are arranged offset by 120 °.
  • these carry transverse scraper bars 10, which enclose a scraping gap with the housing inner wall and can be arranged at an angle to an axial surface line of the housing.
  • the scraper bars 10 have stirrers 11 directed radially inwards at their ends.
  • a mixer arm 12 is fastened in the middle of the housing wall between two levels of disk elements 8, which is directed radially inward in a first section 12a and then bends at an angle of 45 ° to the disk element 8 on the left in FIG. 2.
  • Another mixer arm 12 'shown in broken lines in FIG. 2 is bent toward the right-hand disk element 8 and represents the mixer arm following in the circumferential direction, which is pivoted into the image plane of FIG. 2 for the purpose of illustration.
  • two mixer arms with alternating bending direction are arranged, offset in the circumferential direction by 180 ° in each case.
  • the mixer arms 12, 12 'carry L-shaped scrapers 13, 13' At their ends, the mixer arms 12, 12 'carry L-shaped scrapers 13, 13', one leg of which is assigned to the surface of the disk elements 8 and the other leg to the surface of the kneader shaft 2.
  • the angled mixer arms 12, 12 ' divide the torus space enclosed by the inner surface of the housing 1, the kneader shaft 2 and the axially adjacent disc elements 8 into a radially outer product space P 1, P 1' and a radially inner product space P 2, P 2 '.
  • Attached to the kneader shaft 2 in the plane between two axially adjacent disc elements 8 are a plurality, preferably two, of mixer arms 14 provided as additional mixer arms, which have the mixer arms 12, 12 'projecting diagonally into the toroidal space and having shear edges 15, 15' assigned in parallel at a shear gap .
  • FIG. 4 shows the cross-sectional areas of a mixer arm 12 and a shear edge 15, against which a product stream flowing in the circumferential direction flows, which is divided by a cutting edge 16 arranged on the mixer arm 12 and deflected in a subsequent deflection surface 17.
  • the product stream flowing past on the other side of the cutting edge is detected by the shear edge 15 and subjected to an intensive squeezing and shearing action as it moves past (arrow 18) the static mixer arm 12.
  • a deflection can additionally be achieved by forming a deflecting surface 15a.
  • the flow effects caused by the mixer arm 12, 12 'can thus be influenced in any way.
  • the cutting edge 16 runs in a straight line on the mixer arm 12 shown in solid lines in FIG. 2, the deflection surface 17 being in the radially outer region, as a result of which the product stream impinging on this mixer arm 12 is deflected with a radially outwardly directed conveying component R 1 and with an axially to the left directional conveying component A1 experiences.
  • the cutting edge 16' runs in a twisted shape, the deflecting surface 17 'lying in the radially inner region, as a result of which the product stream impinging on this mixer arm 12' deflects with a radially inwardly directed conveying component R2 and with the axially left-facing conveying component A2.
  • the cutting edge 16 ' can also be twisted with the deflecting surface 17' in such a way that the product stream impinging on the mixing arm is deflected radially outwards and axially to the right with one part and radially inwards and axially to the left with the other part. Due to the fact that such a mixer arm divides the product stream into partial streams with oppositely directed axial conveying components, there is no uniform axial conveying component defined in an axial discharge direction, so that a mixing arm with an S-shape twisted cutting edge and deflection surface is mainly used for the purpose of intensive mixing. It is advantageous if mixer arms with differently directed deflection surfaces follow one another in the circumferential direction.
  • FIG. 5 shows in full lines a further embodiment of a mixer arm 22 fastened to the housing 1, which projects radially inward between two adjacent disk elements 8 up to the kneader shaft 2 and there into an L shaped scraper 23, of which one leg is assigned to the disk element 8 and the other leg to the surface of the kneader shaft 2.
  • the mixer arm 22 'shown in broken lines in FIG. 5 with the L-shaped scraper 23' corresponds in mirror image to the mixer arm 22 and its scraper 23 shown in solid lines and is arranged offset by 180 ° to the image plane of FIG. 5 in the housing.
  • the deflection surface can be twisted over the radial extension of the mixer arm 22, 22 'in the manner of a ploughshare in such a way that an inflow component is in the upper half in the direction of the housing and in the bottom Half adjusts a flow component in the direction of the kneader shaft, but with both halves there is a uniform axial flow component pointing in the transport direction.
  • the mixing and kneading devices shown are particularly suitable for continuous operation, since the axial components A 1 and A 2 acting in the same direction inform the product of an axial conveying component over the entire product space, but it is also ensured that the product mass is detected from all spatial areas , layered and fed to the heatable or coolable surfaces of the housing, the kneader shaft and the disk elements in a constant flow.
  • the mixing and kneading device according to the invention can also be used equally for batch operation if, for. B. only mixer arms 12 are arranged, as shown in Fig. 2 in solid lines. So product masses from the middle torus area are constantly detected and transported with radial component R1 to the heatable wall of the housing and conveyed with axial component A1 to the end wall 3 of the mixing and kneading device.
  • the product stream hits the end wall, it rolls over and flows back in the radially inner product area P2, P2 'assigned to the kneader shaft, the product stream being further intensively mixed by the action of the mixer arms 14 designed as additional mixer arms and the scraper 13.
  • the product is advantageously emptied via an outlet connection (not shown) located in the radially inner region of the end wall 4.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
  • Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

Bei einer Misch- und Knetvorrichtung mit einer in einem zylindrischen Gehäuse gelagerten Kneterwelle (2), sind an die­ser in axialem Abstand senkrecht stehende Scheibenelemente (8) vorgesehen, die im wesentlichen quer zur Ebene der Schei­benelemente angeordnete und der Gehäusewand (1) mit geringem Abstand gegenüberstehende Schableisten (10) tragen, wobei die Gehäusewand, die Kneterwelle sowie die Scheibenelemente heiz- und kühlbar ausgeführt sein können.In the case of a mixing and kneading device with a kneader shaft (2) mounted in a cylindrical housing, disc elements (8) which are perpendicular to it at an axial distance are provided on it, the disc elements (8) arranged essentially transversely to the plane of the disc elements and the housing wall (1) at a short distance bear opposite scraper bars (10), the housing wall, the kneader shaft and the disk elements being heatable and coolable.

Um in dem von zwei axial benachbarten Scheibenelementen, der Gehäuseinnenwand und der Kneterwelle umschlossenen To­rusraum eine intensive Durchmischung sämtlicher Produktbe­standteile zu erzielen und um eine gleichmäßige Verweil­zeit aller im Reaktionsraum befindlicher Produktpartikel zu erreichen, wird vorgeschlagen, daß in den Torusraum mindestens ein mit dem Gehäuse oder der Kneterwelle ver­bundener Mischerarm (12) soweit hineinragt, daß er mindestens in der Nähe der axialen und radialen Mitte des Torusraum­querschnitts verläuft und auf das dort befindliche Gut bzw. Produkt eine Rühr- und/oder Transportwirkung ausübt.

Figure imgaf001
In order to achieve an intensive mixing of all product components in the torus space enclosed by two axially adjacent disc elements, the inner wall of the housing and the kneader shaft, and to achieve a uniform dwell time of all product particles in the reaction space, it is proposed that at least one with the housing or the Kneader shaft connected mixer arm (12) protrudes so far that it runs at least in the vicinity of the axial and radial center of the toroidal cross-section and exerts a stirring and / or transport effect on the goods or product located there.
Figure imgaf001

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Misch- und Knetvor­richtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs.The invention relates to a mixing and kneading device according to the preamble of the claim.

Eine Misch- und Knetvorrichtung dieser Art ist aus der DE-PS 23 49 106 bekannt, bei der sich jeweils zwischen zwei benachbarten Scheiben ein von diesen und dem Gehäuse sowie der Welle begrenzter torusförmiger Ringraum bildet, der nur in seinen Randbereichen von hakenförmigen, gehäu­sefesten Knet- und Schabelementen erfaßt wird. Im Inneren dieses Torusraumes ist aber eine Durchmischung der Produk­tes nicht gewährleistet, was zu nicht ausreichender Pro­dukthomogenität führen kann.A mixing and kneading device of this type is known from DE-PS 23 49 106, in which a toroidal annular space, delimited by these and the housing and the shaft, is formed between each two adjacent disks and has hook-shaped, housing-fixed kneading only in its edge regions - And scraping elements is detected. However, thorough mixing of the product is not guaranteed inside this toroidal space, which can lead to insufficient product homogeneity.

Ein weiterer Nachteil kann sich dadurch ergeben, daß im Inneren des Torusraumes Produktrückstände verbleiben, die nicht ausgetragen werden können, wodurch das neu zugeführ­te, im Reaktor zu behandelnde Produkt geschädigt werden kann. Beim Chargenwechsel können somit unerwünschte Pro­duktvermischungen zwischen Frisch und Fertigproduckt entstehen.A further disadvantage can result from the fact that product residues remain in the interior of the torus space that cannot be discharged, as a result of which the newly added product to be treated in the reactor can be damaged. When changing batches, undesirable product mixing between fresh and finished product can occur.

Der Efindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, im gesam­ten Produkt- bzw. Reaktionsraum eine intensive Durchmi­schung der verschiedenen Produktkomponenten zu erzielen, wobei eine gleichmäßige Verweilzeit aller im Reaktionsraum befindlicher Produktpartikel erreicht werden soll.The invention is therefore based on the object of achieving thorough mixing of the various product components in the entire product or reaction space, with a uniform dwell time of all product particles located in the reaction space being achieved.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Damit lassen sich neben der Ge­währleistung eines kontinuierlichen axialen Produkttrans­ports Totzonen bzw. nicht gerührte Produkträume vermeiden. Die Anordnung der pflugscharartigen Umlenkflächen sorgt darüberhinaus dafür, daß im mittleren Bereich des Torus­raumes umlaufende Produktmassen ständig umgeschichtet wer­den und den heiz- und kühlbaren Gehäuse- und Knetwellen­flächen zugeführt werden.This object is achieved by the features of claim 1. In addition to guaranteeing continuous axial product transport, this also helps to avoid dead zones and non-stirred product spaces. The arrangement of the ploughshare-like deflection surfaces also ensures that surrounding product masses in the central region of the torus area are constantly shifted and fed to the heatable and coolable housing and kneading shaft surfaces.

Durch eine verwundene Ausbildung der Schneidkante und der Umlenkfläche längs des vorzugsweise diagonal verlaufenden Mischarms sind die Förderkomponenten beliebig veränderbar, beispielsweise kann in Bereichen der Kneterwelle eine stärkere Steigung vorgesehen werden, um auch bei der in diesem Bereich gegebenen geringeren Umfangsgeschwindigkeit des Produktstromes ausreichende Förderkomponenten in radi­aler und axialer Richtung zu erhalten.Through a twisted design of the cutting edge and the deflection surface along the preferably diagonally running mixing arm, the conveying components can be changed as desired, for example, a greater slope can be provided in areas of the kneader shaft in order to ensure sufficient conveying components in radial and axial direction.

Vorzugsweise sind bei der Anordnung von mehreren in einen Torusraum ragenden Mischerarmen deren Diagonalrichtungen in Bezug auf eine radiale Achse R-R spiegelbildlich ab­wechselnd angeordnet, wodurch sich eine besonders wirksame Durchsetzung des Torusraumes mit Mischerarmen ergibt.In the arrangement of a plurality of mixer arms projecting into a toroidal space, their diagonal directions are alternately arranged in mirror image alternation with respect to a radial axis R-R, which results in a particularly effective enforcement of the toroidal space with mixer arms.

Um einerseits eine starke axiale Förderkomponente und an­dererseits eine gute Beaufschlagung der heizbaren Oberflä­chen des Gehäuses und der Kneterwelle zu erzielen sind die Umlenkflächen der Querschnittprofile zweier spiegelbild­lich diagonal versetzt angeordneter Mischerarme derart ge­staltet, daß beide Umlenkflächen Ablenkungskomponenten des Produktstroms in dieselbe Axialrichtung und in entgegenge­setzt gerichtete Radialrichtung ergeben.In order to achieve a strong axial conveying component on the one hand and a good loading of the heatable surfaces of the housing and the kneader shaft on the other hand, the deflecting surfaces of the cross-sectional profiles of two mirror arms arranged diagonally offset in mirror image are designed such that both deflecting surfaces result in deflection components of the product flow in the same axial direction and in the opposite radial direction .

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ragen in den radial inneren Produktraum an der Kneterwelle befestigte Zusatz-­Mischarme, die in diesem Bereich für eine zusätzliche Um­schichtung und Durchmischung sorgen. Vorteilhafterweise weist der Zusatz-Mischarm den diagonalen Mischerarmen in einem Scherspalt parallel zugeordnete Scherkanten auf, durch die das Produkt eine intensive Scherung und Quet­schung erfährt.In a preferred embodiment, additional mixing arms fastened to the kneader shaft protrude into the radially inner product space and provide additional shifting and mixing in this area. Advantageously, the additional mixing arm has the diagonal mixer arms in parallel in a shear gap associated shear edges, through which the product experiences intensive shearing and crushing.

Der Zusatz-Mischerarm kann dabei lediglich eine Scherkante tragen oder zwei Scherkanten, die abwechselnd an den spie­gelbildlich diagonal versetzten Mischerarmen vorbeigeführt werden.The additional mixer arm can only carry one shear edge or two shear edges which are alternately guided past the mixer arms which are diagonally offset in mirror image.

Zur kontinuierlichen Abreinigung der Oberflächen des Scheibenelements sowie der Kneterwelle ist am gehäusefe­sten Mischerarm ein L-förmiger Schaber angeordnet, von dem der eine Schenkel das Scheibenelement und der andere Schenkel die Kneterwelle abschabt.For continuous cleaning of the surfaces of the disc element and the kneader shaft, an L-shaped scraper is arranged on the mixer arm fixed to the housing, from which one leg scrapes the disc element and the other leg scrapes the kneader shaft.

Zur Abreinigung des radial stehenden Teils des Mischerarms sind an den Enden der Schaberleisten radial nach innen ge­richtete Rührer angeordnet, die gleichzeitig auch noch zur Durchmischung des radial äußeren Produktraumes beitragen. Neben dem Schabe- bzw. Abreinigungseffekt bewirken die Rührer mit dem senkrecht stehenden Teil des Mischerarms auch noch eine intensive Durchrührung der in diesem Be­reich befindlichen Produktmenge.To clean the radially standing part of the mixer arm, radially inwardly directed stirrers are arranged at the ends of the scraper bars, which at the same time also contribute to the mixing of the radially outer product space. In addition to the scraping or cleaning effect, the stirrers with the vertical part of the mixer arm also intensively stir the amount of product in this area.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird nachfolgend an­hand der Zeichnung näher erläutert.An embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to the drawing.

Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 eine Misch- und Knetvorichtung mit einem aufge­brochenen Teilbereich des Gehäuses,
  • Fig. 2 den aufgebrochenen Teilbereich aus Fig. 1 in vergrößertem Maßstab,
  • Fig. 3 einen Schnitt durch ein Teilstück der Misch- und Knetvorrichtung gemäß der Schnittlinie III-III in Fig. 2,
  • Fig. 4 einen Schnitt durch einen Mischarm und eine Scherkante gemäß Schnittlinie IV-IV in Fig. 2 und
  • Fig. 5 eine andere Ausführungsform einer Misch- und Knetvorrichtung mit einem aufgebrochenen Teilbe­reich des Gehäuses.
Show it
  • 1 is a mixing and kneading device with a broken portion of the housing,
  • FIG. 2 shows the broken-open section from FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale,
  • 3 shows a section through a section of the mixing and kneading device according to section line III-III in FIG. 2,
  • Fig. 4 shows a section through a mixing arm and a shear edge according to section line IV-IV in Fig. 2 and
  • Fig. 5 shows another embodiment of a mixing and kneading device with a broken portion of the housing.

Die Fig. 1 stellt eine Misch- und Knetvorrichtung mit einer in einem zylindrischen Gehäuse 1 koaxial angeordne­ten Kneterwelle 2 dar, die jeweils in einer, daß Gehäuse abschließenden Stirnwand 3 und 4 gelagert ist. Die Kneter­welle 2 durchsetzt die Stirnwand 4 und ist mit einem An­triebsaggregat 5 gekoppelt. Im Bereich der Stirnwand 4 be­findet sich eine Einfüllöffnung 6 und im Bereich der Stirnwand 3 eine Auslaßöffnung 7.1 shows a mixing and kneading device with a kneader shaft 2 arranged coaxially in a cylindrical housing 1, each of which is mounted in an end wall 3 and 4 that closes the housing. The kneader shaft 2 passes through the end wall 4 and is coupled to a drive unit 5. There is a filler opening 6 in the area of the end wall 4 and an outlet opening 7 in the area of the end wall 3.

Das zylindrische Gehäuse 1 ist in einem mittleren Teilbe­reich aufgebrochen dargestellt, in den die Kneterwelle 2 und weitere Funktionselemente ersichtlich sind, die deut­licher aus den nachfolgend erläuterten Figuren 2 bis 4 hervorgehen.The cylindrical housing 1 is shown broken away in a central partial region, in which the kneader shaft 2 and further functional elements can be seen, which can be seen more clearly from the figures 2 to 4 explained below.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt das Gehäuse 1 mit darin gelagerter Kne­terwelle 2, auf der in senkrecht zur Gehäuse- bzw. Kneter­wellenachse liegenden Ebenen Scheibenelemente 8 angeordnet sind, die unter Einschluß eines Spaltes bis zur Gehäusein­nenwand reichen. Wie aus Fig. 3 zu ersehen, weisen die Scheibenelemente 8 eine einem Sektor von 60° entspre­chende Fläche auf, wobei in einer Ebene jeweils drei Scheibenelemente 8 um 120° versetzt angeordnet sind.2 shows the housing 1 with a kneader shaft 2 mounted therein, on which disc elements 8 are arranged in planes lying perpendicular to the axis of the housing or kneader shaft, which extend to the inner wall of the housing including a gap. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the disk elements 8 have an area corresponding to a sector of 60 °, wherein in each case three disk elements 8 are arranged offset by 120 °.

An der radial äußeren, in Bezug auf die Drehrichtung (Pfeil 9) vorderen Kante der Scheibenelemente 8 tragen diese quer verlaufende Schableisten 10, die mit der Gehäu­seinnenwand einen Schabspalt einschließen und zu einer axialen Mantellinie des Gehäuses in einem Winkel angeord­net sein können. An ihren Enden tragen die Schableisten 10 radial nach innen gerichtete Rührer 11.On the radially outer, in relation to the direction of rotation (arrow 9) front edge of the disc elements 8, these carry transverse scraper bars 10, which enclose a scraping gap with the housing inner wall and can be arranged at an angle to an axial surface line of the housing. The scraper bars 10 have stirrers 11 directed radially inwards at their ends.

In der Gehäusewand ist mittig zwischen zwei Ebenen von Scheibenelementen 8 ein Mischerarm 12 befestigt, der in einem ersten Teilstück 12a radial nach innnen gerichtete ist und anschließend in einem Winkel von 45° zu dem in Fig. 2 linken Scheibenelement 8 abknickt. Ein weiterer, in Fig. 2 in unterbrochenen Linien dargestellter Mischerarm 12' ist zum rechten Scheibenelement 8 abgeknickt und stellt den in Umfangsrichtung nachfolgenden Mischerarm dar, der zum Zweck der Verdeutlichung in die Bildebene von Fig. 2 geschwenkt ist. Vorzugsweise sind, in Umfangsrichtung um jeweils 180° versetzt, zwei Mischerarme mit wechselnder Abknickrichtung angeordnet.A mixer arm 12 is fastened in the middle of the housing wall between two levels of disk elements 8, which is directed radially inward in a first section 12a and then bends at an angle of 45 ° to the disk element 8 on the left in FIG. 2. Another mixer arm 12 'shown in broken lines in FIG. 2 is bent toward the right-hand disk element 8 and represents the mixer arm following in the circumferential direction, which is pivoted into the image plane of FIG. 2 for the purpose of illustration. Preferably, two mixer arms with alternating bending direction are arranged, offset in the circumferential direction by 180 ° in each case.

An ihren Enden tragen die Mischerarme 12, 12' L-förmige Schaber 13, 13' von denen jeweils der eine Schenkel der Oberfläche der Scheibenelemente 8 und der andere Schenkel der Oberfläche der Kneterwelle 2 zugeordnet ist.At their ends, the mixer arms 12, 12 'carry L-shaped scrapers 13, 13', one leg of which is assigned to the surface of the disk elements 8 and the other leg to the surface of the kneader shaft 2.

Die Abgewinkelten Mischerarme 12, 12' unterteilen den von der Innenfläche des Gehäuses 1, der Kneterwelle 2 sowie den axial nebeneinanderliegenden Scheibenelementen 8 um­schlossenen Torusraum in einen radial äußeren Produktraum P₁, P₁' und einen radial inneren Produktraum P₂, P₂'.The angled mixer arms 12, 12 'divide the torus space enclosed by the inner surface of the housing 1, the kneader shaft 2 and the axially adjacent disc elements 8 into a radially outer product space P 1, P 1' and a radially inner product space P 2, P 2 '.

An der Kneterwelle 2 sind in der Ebene zwischen zwei axial benachbarten Scheibenelementen 8 mehrere, vorzugsweise zwei als Zusatz-Mischerarme vorgesehene Mischerarme 14 be­festigt, die den diagonal in den Torusraum ragenden Mi­scherarmen 12, 12' in einem Scherspaltabstand parallel zu­geordnete Scherkanten 15, 15' aufweisen.Attached to the kneader shaft 2 in the plane between two axially adjacent disc elements 8 are a plurality, preferably two, of mixer arms 14 provided as additional mixer arms, which have the mixer arms 12, 12 'projecting diagonally into the toroidal space and having shear edges 15, 15' assigned in parallel at a shear gap .

Die Fig. 4 zeigt die Querschnittsflächen eines Mischerar­mes 12 und einer Scherkante 15, die von einem in Umfangs­richtung fließenden Produktstrom angeströmt werden, der von einer am Mischerarm 12 angeordneten Schneidkante 16 zerteilt und in einer anschließenden Umlenkfläche 17 abge­lenkt wird. Der auf der anderen Seite der Schneidkante vorbeifließende Produktstrom wird von der Scherkante 15 erfaßt und während der Vorbeibewegung (Pfeil 18) am statischen Mischerarm 12 einer intensiven Quetsch- und Scherwirkung unterworfen. Dabei kann durch die Ausbildung einer Umlenkfläche 15a noch zusätzlich eine Umlenkung er­zielt werden. Damit lassen sich die durch den Mischerarm 12, 12' bewirkten Strömungseffekte, noch in beliebiger Weise beeinflussen.FIG. 4 shows the cross-sectional areas of a mixer arm 12 and a shear edge 15, against which a product stream flowing in the circumferential direction flows, which is divided by a cutting edge 16 arranged on the mixer arm 12 and deflected in a subsequent deflection surface 17. The product stream flowing past on the other side of the cutting edge is detected by the shear edge 15 and subjected to an intensive squeezing and shearing action as it moves past (arrow 18) the static mixer arm 12. A deflection can additionally be achieved by forming a deflecting surface 15a. The flow effects caused by the mixer arm 12, 12 'can thus be influenced in any way.

Die Schneidkante 16 verläuft auf dem in Fig. 2 in Volli­nien dargestellten Mischerarm 12 geradlinig, wobei die Um­lenkfläche 17 im radial äußeren Bereich liegt, wodurch der auf diesen Mischerarm 12 auftreffende Produktstrom eine Umlenkung mit radial nach außen gerichteter Förderkompo­nente R₁ und mit einer axial nach links gerichteten För­derkomponente A₁ erfährt.The cutting edge 16 runs in a straight line on the mixer arm 12 shown in solid lines in FIG. 2, the deflection surface 17 being in the radially outer region, as a result of which the product stream impinging on this mixer arm 12 is deflected with a radially outwardly directed conveying component R 1 and with an axially to the left directional conveying component A₁ experiences.

Auf dem in Fig. 2 in unterbrochenen Linien dargestellen Mischerarm 12' verläuft die Schneidkante 16' in verwunde­ner Form, wobei die Umlenkfläche 17' im radial inneren Be­reiche liegt, wodurch der auf diesen Mischerarm 12' auf­treffende Produktstrom eine Umlenkung mit radial nach in­nen gerichteter Förderkomponente R₂ und mit der axial nach links gerichteten Förderkomponente A₂ erfährt.On the mixer arm 12 'shown in broken lines in FIG. 2, the cutting edge 16' runs in a twisted shape, the deflecting surface 17 'lying in the radially inner region, as a result of which the product stream impinging on this mixer arm 12' deflects with a radially inwardly directed conveying component R₂ and with the axially left-facing conveying component A₂.

Durch die zusammen mit der Umlenkfläche 17' verwundene Schneidkante 16' wird erreicht, daß die im radial inneren Bereich mit geringerer Umfangsgeschwindigkeit strömenden Produktmengen eine die geringere Anströmgeschwindigkeit kompensierende wirksamere Umlenkung erfahren.As a result of the cutting edge 16 'which is twisted together with the deflection surface 17', the product quantities flowing in the radially inner region with a lower peripheral speed experience a more effective deflection which compensates for the lower inflow speed.

Grundsätzlich kann die Schneidkante 16' mit der Umlenkflä­che 17' auch so verwunden sein, daß der auf den Mischarm auftreffende Produktstrom mit einer Teilmenge radial nach außen und axial nach rechts und mit der anderen Teilmenge radial nach innen und axial nach links abgelenkt wird. Aufgrund der Tatsache, daß ein derartiger Mischerarm den Produktstrom in Teilströme mit entgegengesetzt gerichteten axialen Förderkomponenten aufteilt, stellt sich keine in eine axiale Austragrichtung definierte einheitliche axiale Förderkomponente ein, so daß ein Mischarm mit S-förmig verwundener Schneidkante und Umlenkfläche überwiegend zum Zweck der intensiven Durchmischung verwendet wird. Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn in Umfangsrichtung jeweils Mi­scherarme mit unterschiedlich gerichteten Umlenkflächen aufeinanderfolgen.In principle, the cutting edge 16 'can also be twisted with the deflecting surface 17' in such a way that the product stream impinging on the mixing arm is deflected radially outwards and axially to the right with one part and radially inwards and axially to the left with the other part. Due to the fact that such a mixer arm divides the product stream into partial streams with oppositely directed axial conveying components, there is no uniform axial conveying component defined in an axial discharge direction, so that a mixing arm with an S-shape twisted cutting edge and deflection surface is mainly used for the purpose of intensive mixing. It is advantageous if mixer arms with differently directed deflection surfaces follow one another in the circumferential direction.

Die Fig. 5 zeigt in Vollinien eine weitere Ausführungsform eines am Gehäuse 1 befestigten Mischerarms 22, der zwi­schen zwei benachbarten Scheibenelementen 8 radial nach innen bis zur Kneterwelle 2 ragt und dort in einen L

Figure imgb0001
för­migen Schaber 23 abwinkelt, von dem der eine Schenkel dem Scheibenelement 8 und der andere Schenkel der Oberfläche der Kneterwelle 2 zugeordnet ist.5 shows in full lines a further embodiment of a mixer arm 22 fastened to the housing 1, which projects radially inward between two adjacent disk elements 8 up to the kneader shaft 2 and there into an L
Figure imgb0001
shaped scraper 23, of which one leg is assigned to the disk element 8 and the other leg to the surface of the kneader shaft 2.

Der in Fig. 5 in unterbrochenen Linien dargestellte Mi­scherarm 22' mit dem L-förmigen Schaber 23' entspricht spiegelbildlich dem in Vollinien dargestellten Mischerarm 22 und dessen Schaber 23 und ist zur Bildebene der Fig. 5 um 180° versetzt im Gehäuse angeordnet.The mixer arm 22 'shown in broken lines in FIG. 5 with the L-shaped scraper 23' corresponds in mirror image to the mixer arm 22 and its scraper 23 shown in solid lines and is arranged offset by 180 ° to the image plane of FIG. 5 in the housing.

Der radial verlaufende Mischerarm 22, 22' kann gleichfalls mit einer Schneidkante und einer oder zwei Umlenkflächen versehen sein, wodurch das umlaufende Produkt in radialer und/oder axialer Förderrichtung umlenkbar ist, so daß so­wohl eine gute Anströmung der beheizten Flächen vom Gehäu­se und Kneterwelle als auch eine einheitliche axiale För­derung des Produkts erzielbar ist.The radially extending mixer arm 22, 22 'can also be provided with a cutting edge and one or two deflecting surfaces, as a result of which the circumferential product can be deflected in the radial and / or axial conveying direction, so that both a good flow onto the heated surfaces from the housing and kneader shaft as well uniform axial conveyance of the product can be achieved.

Die Umlenkfläche kann dabei über die radiale Erstreckung des Mischerarms 22, 22' nach Art einer Pflugschar so ver­wunden sein, daß sich in der oberen Hälfte eine Anströ­mungskomponente in Richtung des Gehäuses und in der unten Hälfte eine Anströmungskomponente in Richtung der Kneter­welle einstellt, wobei aber bei beiden Hälften eine ein­heitliche, in Transportrichtung weisende axiale Strömungs­komponente gegeben ist.The deflection surface can be twisted over the radial extension of the mixer arm 22, 22 'in the manner of a ploughshare in such a way that an inflow component is in the upper half in the direction of the housing and in the bottom Half adjusts a flow component in the direction of the kneader shaft, but with both halves there is a uniform axial flow component pointing in the transport direction.

Die dargestellten Misch- und Knetvorrichtungen sind beson­ders für den kontinuierlichen Betrieb geeignet, da durch die in gleiche Richtung wirkenden Axialkomponenten A₁ und A₂ dem Produkt über den gesamten Produktraum eine axiale Förderkomponente mitgeteilt wird, wobei aber auch gewährleistet ist, daß die Produktmasse aus allen Raumbe­reichen erfaßt, umgeschichtet und den heiz- oder kühlbaren Oberflächen des Gehäuses, der Kneterwelle und der Schei­benelemente in einer ständigen Strömung zugeführt wird.The mixing and kneading devices shown are particularly suitable for continuous operation, since the axial components A 1 and A 2 acting in the same direction inform the product of an axial conveying component over the entire product space, but it is also ensured that the product mass is detected from all spatial areas , layered and fed to the heatable or coolable surfaces of the housing, the kneader shaft and the disk elements in a constant flow.

Die erfindungsgemäße Misch- und Knetvorrichtung kann je­doch auch gleichermaßen für einen chargenweisen Betrieb genutzt werden, wenn z. B. nur Mischerarme 12 angeordnet werden, wie sie in Fig. 2 in Vollinien dargestellt sind. Damit werden ständig Produktmassen aus dem mittleren To­rusbereich erfaßt und mit radialer Komponente R₁ zur heizbaren Wand des Gehäuses transportiert und mit axialer Komponente A₁ zu der Stirnwand 3 der Misch- und Knetvor­richtung gefördert. Beim Auftreffen des Produktstromes an der Stirnwand überwälzt sich dieser und strömt im radial inneren, der Kneterwelle zugeordneten Produktbereich P₂, P₂' wieder zurück, wobei der Produktstrom durch Einwir­kung der als Zusatzmischerarme ausgebildeten Mischerarme 14 und der Schaber 13 weiter intensiv durchmischt wird. Die Produktentleerung erfolgt dabei vorteilhafterweise über einen in radial inneren Bereich der Stirnwand 4 gele­genen Auslaßstutzen (nicht dargestellt).However, the mixing and kneading device according to the invention can also be used equally for batch operation if, for. B. only mixer arms 12 are arranged, as shown in Fig. 2 in solid lines. So product masses from the middle torus area are constantly detected and transported with radial component R₁ to the heatable wall of the housing and conveyed with axial component A₁ to the end wall 3 of the mixing and kneading device. When the product stream hits the end wall, it rolls over and flows back in the radially inner product area P₂, P₂ 'assigned to the kneader shaft, the product stream being further intensively mixed by the action of the mixer arms 14 designed as additional mixer arms and the scraper 13. The product is advantageously emptied via an outlet connection (not shown) located in the radially inner region of the end wall 4.

Claims (12)

1. Misch- und Knetvorrichtung für die mechanische, che­mische und thermische Behandlung von Materialien, die flüssige, gasförmige, pastöse, granulatförmige oder pulvrige Konsistenz aufweisen und aus verschiedenen Komponenten zusammengesetzt sein können, wobei den Materialien während der Behandlung chemische und/oder katalytische Reaktionsmittel zusetzbar sind und die Behandlungszustände hinsichtlich Druck, Vakuum und thermischer Beaufschlagung und durch Zu- oder Abfuhr von Gasen oder Dämpfen variierbar sind, mit einer in einem zylindrischen Gehäuse gelagerten Kneterwelle, an der in axialem Abstand senkrecht zur Kneterwelle stehende Scheibenelemente vorgesehen sind, die im we­sentlichen quer zur Ebene der Scheibenelemente ange­ordnete und der Gehäusewand mit geringem Abstand ge­genüberstehende Schableisten tragen, wobei die Gehäu­sewand, die Kneterwelle sowie die Scheibenelemente heiz- und/oder kühlbar ausgeführt sein können, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß in den, jeweils von der Innenwand des Gehäuses (1), der Ober­fläche der Kneterwelle (2) sowie von den Wandungen zweier axial benachbarter Scheibenelemente (8) um­schlossenen Torusraum mindestens ein mit dem Gehäuse (1) oder der Kneterwelle (2) verbundener Mischerarm (12, 12'; 14; 22; 22') soweit hineinragt, daß er mindestens in der Nähe der axialen und radialen Mitte des Torusraumquerschnitts verläuft und auf das dort befindliche Gut eine Rühr- und/oder Transportwirkung ausübt.1. Mixing and kneading device for the mechanical, chemical and thermal treatment of materials which have liquid, gaseous, pasty, granular or powdery consistency and can be composed of different components, chemical and / or catalytic reactants being able to be added to the materials during the treatment are and the treatment states with regard to pressure, vacuum and thermal exposure and by supplying or removing gases or vapors are variable, with a kneader shaft mounted in a cylindrical housing, on which disc elements perpendicular to the kneader shaft are provided, which are essentially transverse arranged to the level of the disc elements and the housing wall with a small distance opposite scraper bars, the housing wall, the kneader shaft and the disc elements can be heatable and / or coolable, characterized in that in each of the inner wall of the Housing (1), the surface of the kneader shaft (2) and the torus space enclosed by the walls of two axially adjacent disc elements (8), at least one mixer arm (12, 12 '; connected to the housing (1) or the kneader shaft (2); 14; 22; 22 ') protrudes so far that it runs at least in the vicinity of the axial and radial center of the toroidal cross-section and exerts a stirring and / or transport effect on the material located there. 2. Misch- und Knetvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mi­scherarm (12, 12'; 14; 22; 22') ein pflugscharartiges Querschnittsprofil mit einer Schneidkante (16, 16') und einer im Winkel zur Umfangsrichtung angestellten Umlenkfläche (17, 17') zur Ausübung einer axial und/­oder radial gerichteten Förderwirkung auf das Produkt aufweist.2. Mixing and kneading device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixer arm (12, 12 ';14;22;22') a ploughshare-like cross-sectional profile with a cutting edge (16, 16 ') and a deflection surface at an angle to the circumferential direction ( 17, 17 ') for exerting an axially and / or radially directed conveying effect on the product. 3. Misch- und Knetvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mischerarm (12, 12'; 14) etwa in Diagonal­richtung des Torusraumquerschnitts verläuft und die­sen in einen der Gehäusewand zugeordneten äußeren Produktraum P₁, P₁' und einen der Kneterwelle (2) zugeordneten inneren Produktraum P₂, P₂' unter­teilt, wobei die von der Umlenkfläche (17, 17') aus­geübte, Förderwirkung axial und radial zum inneren oder äußeren Produktraum gerichtet ist.3. Mixing and kneading device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the mixer arm (12, 12 '; 14) extends approximately in the diagonal direction of the toroidal cross-section and this in one of the housing wall associated outer product space P₁, P₁' and one of the Kneader shaft (2) associated inner product space P₂, P₂ 'divided, the exerted by the deflecting surface (17, 17'), conveying effect is directed axially and radially to the inner or outer product space. 4. Misch- und Knetvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schneidkante (16, 16') und die Umlenkfläche (17, 17') des Querschnittprofils entlang der Erstrek­kung des Mischerarms (12, 12'; 14; 22, 22') verwun­den sind.4. Mixing and kneading device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cutting edge (16, 16 ') and the deflecting surface (17, 17') of the cross-sectional profile along the extension of the mixer arm (12, 12 ';14; 22, 22 ') are twisted. 5. Misch- und Knetvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei der Anordnung von mehreren in einen Torusraum ragenden Mischerarmen (12, 12'; 14) deren Diagonal­richtung in Bezug auf eine radiale Achse R-R spiegel­bildlich abwechselt.5. Mixing and kneading device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in the arrangement of several projecting into a toroidal mixer arms (12, 12 '; 14) whose diagonal direction with respect to a radial axis RR alternates in mirror image. 6. Misch- und Knetvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umlenkflächen (17, 17') jeweils zweier auf­einanderfolgender Mischerarme (12, 12'; 14; 22; 22') derart gestaltet sind, daß beide Umlenkflächen (17, 17') eine Ablenkung des Produktstroms in dieselbe Axialrichtung (A₁, A₂) und in entgegengesetzt ge­richtete Radialrichtung (R₁, R₂) ergeben.6. Mixing and kneading device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the deflecting surfaces (17, 17 ') of two successive mixer arms (12, 12';14;22; 22 ') are designed such that both deflecting surfaces (17, 17 ') result in a deflection of the product flow in the same axial direction (A₁, A₂) and in the opposite radial direction (R₁, R₂). 7. Misch- und Knetvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß am Gehäuse (1) bzw. an der Kneterwelle (2) befe­stigte Mischerarme (12, 12', 14; 22; 22') in entge­gengesetzer Radial- und in einheitliche Axialrichtung angestellte Umlenkflächen aufweisen.7. Mixing and kneading device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that on the housing (1) or on the kneader shaft (2) attached mixer arms (12, 12 ', 14; 22; 22') in opposite radial and have deflection surfaces set in a uniform axial direction. 8. Misch- und Knetvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei am Gehäuse (1) befestigten Mischerarmen (12, 12') diesen in einem parallelen Scherspalt Quetsch- oder Scherkanten (15, 15') eines oder mehrerer, als Zusatz-Mischerarme vorgesehener, an der Kneterwelle (2) befestigter Mischerarme (14) zugeordnet sind.8. Mixing and kneading device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that when attached to the housing (1) mixer arms (12, 12 ') in a parallel shear nip or shear edges (15, 15') of one or more , Mixer arms (14) provided as additional mixer arms and attached to the kneader shaft (2) are assigned. 9. Misch- und Knetvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß am Mischerarm (12, 12') ein L-förmiger Schaber (13, 13') angeordnet ist, von dem ein Schenkel der Oberfläche eines Scheibenelements (8) und der andere Schenkel der Oberfläche der Kneterwelle (2) zugeord­net ist.9. Mixing and kneading device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that an L-shaped scraper (13, 13 ') is arranged on the mixer arm (12, 12'), of which one leg of the surface of a disc element (8th ) and the other leg is assigned to the surface of the kneader shaft (2). 10. Misch- und Knetvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die auf den Scheibenelementen (8) befestigten Schableisten (10) an beiden Enden radial nach innen in den Produktraum P₁, P₁' gerichtete Rührer (11) tragen.10. Mixing and kneading device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the scraper bars (10) fastened on the disk elements (8) carry radially inward directed stirrers (11) at both ends in the product space P₁, P₁ '. 11. Misch- und Knetvorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rüh­rer (11) den radial gerichteten Bereichen der Mi­scherarme (12, 12') als Schaber zugeordnet sind.11. Mixing and kneading device according to claim 10, characterized in that the stirrers (11) are assigned to the radially directed regions of the mixer arms (12, 12 ') as scrapers. 12. Misch- und Knetvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schableisten (10) in an sich bekannter Weise in einem Winkel zur axialen Mantellinie des Gehäuses (1) angeordnet sind.12. Mixing and kneading device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the scraper bars (10) are arranged in a manner known per se at an angle to the axial surface line of the housing (1).
EP86114051A 1985-10-25 1986-10-10 Mixing and kneading device Expired - Lifetime EP0220575B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT86114051T ATE83946T1 (en) 1985-10-25 1986-10-10 MIXING AND KNEADING DEVICE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3538070 1985-10-25
DE19853538070 DE3538070A1 (en) 1985-10-25 1985-10-25 MIXING AND KNEADING DEVICE

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EP0220575A2 true EP0220575A2 (en) 1987-05-06
EP0220575A3 EP0220575A3 (en) 1989-03-29
EP0220575B1 EP0220575B1 (en) 1992-12-30

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EP (1) EP0220575B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0649142B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE83946T1 (en)
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3538070A1 (en) 1987-04-30
EP0220575B1 (en) 1992-12-30
JPH0649142B2 (en) 1994-06-29
EP0220575A3 (en) 1989-03-29
US4775243A (en) 1988-10-04
ATE83946T1 (en) 1993-01-15
JPS62102823A (en) 1987-05-13
DE3538070C2 (en) 1991-03-07

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