EP0222903A1 - Procede permettant d'inhiber la formation de mycotoxines dans les aliments destines aux humains et aux animaux - Google Patents

Procede permettant d'inhiber la formation de mycotoxines dans les aliments destines aux humains et aux animaux

Info

Publication number
EP0222903A1
EP0222903A1 EP86903972A EP86903972A EP0222903A1 EP 0222903 A1 EP0222903 A1 EP 0222903A1 EP 86903972 A EP86903972 A EP 86903972A EP 86903972 A EP86903972 A EP 86903972A EP 0222903 A1 EP0222903 A1 EP 0222903A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
foodstuff
composition
compound
fungal
harvested
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86903972A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerald Neil Kern
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Meditech Pharmaceuticals Inc
Original Assignee
Meditech Pharmaceuticals Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Meditech Pharmaceuticals Inc filed Critical Meditech Pharmaceuticals Inc
Publication of EP0222903A1 publication Critical patent/EP0222903A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
    • A01N41/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
    • A01N41/04—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
    • A23B2/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general
    • A23B2/70—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals
    • A23B2/725—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
    • A23B2/729—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs

Definitions

  • the field of the invention relates to a method for inhibiting the formation of mycotoxins in foodstuffs. More particularly, this invention relates to a method for inhibiting the growth of my ⁇ otoxin producing fungi on harvested grain, beans, nuts, fruit, fodder and the like.
  • Mycotoxins are produced by some fungi. Although such mycotoxins have been known for over 20 years, it has been only recently that mycotoxins and mycotoxin producing fungi have been studied. Mycotoxins are toxic to humans and animals and very small amounts, e.g. nanogram amounts, can produce serious illness and death. Most mycotoxins appear to be formed by species of the genera Penicillium, Asperqillus and Fusarium. Mycotoxicosis can result from the ingestion of foodstuffs such as grain, beans, nuts, fruits or fodder which become contaminated with mycotoxins.
  • Aflatoxin which has been known to contaminate grain and peanut meal, is produced by Asperqillus flavus as well as other species of Aspergillus and species of Penicillium. Aflatoxin has been shown to be a carcinogen and can cause liver and kidney damage,
  • Fusarium moniliforme is a common field fungus that infects many plants, including cereal grains, corn, beans and fruits.
  • Equine Leucoencephalomala ⁇ ia (ELEM) is a sporadic disease afflicting horses and is caused by mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme growing in corn.
  • ELEM has many names: Blind Staggers, Foraging Disease, Cornstalk Disease, Moldy Corn Poisoning, Fusariotoxicosis, Leukoencephali tis and the like. In most horse ELEM incidents, it is subsequently discovered that the afflicted horses have been fed moldy corn or moldy corn forage. In addition to horses, domestic animals and man are also susceptible to ELEM.
  • Mycotoxins appear to be low molecular weight compounds, (molecular weights of less than 1000) that are thermally stable, resistant to enzymatic attack and highly resistant to oxidation or reduction by other chemical agents. Accordingly, once the foodstuff is contaminated with a mycotoxin, the foodstuff is not safe for human or animal consumption and must be destroyed. To control mycotoxin production in foodstuffs, the harvested foodstuff must be quickly stored in a dry environment, preferably at temperatures that inhibit fungal growth and/or mycotoxin production, such as below 10oC or above 30°C. This is not always possible. Not uncommonly, the foodstuff is wetted by rain during harvesting and is placed nn storage in a wet condition that favors fungal growth. Most storage facilities, such as grain elevators and corn bins, are not equipped to regulate the temperature of the stored foodstuff.
  • the present invention is directed to a method for inhibiting fungal growth on foodstuffs, such as grain, beans, nuts, fruits and fodder, during storage of the foodstuff.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method for preventing the contamination of harvested grain, beans, nuts, fruits and fodder with mycotoxins which comprises applying to the grain, beans, nuts, fruits and fodder, before or after harvesting, a composition comprising an effective anti-fungal amount of a compound of the following formula to inhibit the growth of mycotoxin producing fungi: (I) wherein R' and R'' are each independently a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group of from 5 to 8 carbon atoms; M is NH 4 , Na, K or Ca, x is 1 when M is Na, K or NH 4 , and x is 2 when M is Ca.
  • the foodstuff can be treated with a composition containing the compound of the above Formula (I) prior to storage, during the storage operation or when the foodstuff is in storage.
  • composition containing the compound of above Formula (I)- prior to storage such as prior to, during or after, harvesting, or during the storage operation, that is, when placing the foodstuff in storage.
  • the compounds of above Formula (I) can be applied as a powder or as liquid compositions.
  • FIG. 1 is a photograph of fungal cultures of Scopulariops is, Penici Ilium and Asperqi llus treated with various concentrations of docusate sodium from 0 concentration (the control) to 2.0 mg/ml and incubated for
  • the ant i- f ungal agent of the present invention is a compound of the following formula: (I) wherein R' and R'' are each independently a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group of from 5 to 8 carbon atoms; M is NH 4 , Na, K or Ca, x is 1 when M is Na, K or NH 4 , and x is 2 when M is Ca.
  • the M group and the amount of the compound of Formula (I) are selected such that the concentration of M in the human or animal consuming a foodstuff treated with the compound of Formula. (I) will be at a non-toxic concentration in the human or animal after consumption of the treated foodstuff.
  • R' and R'' groups can be the same or different. Preferably, however, R' and R'' will be the same. Typical R' and R'' groups include amyl, octyl, and 2-ethylhexyl; preferably R' and R'' are both 2-ethylhexyl.
  • M will be Na or Ca and most preferably M will be Na.
  • the anti-fungal agent of Formula (I) is dio ⁇ tyl sodium sulfosuccinate [also known as 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate, docusate sodium, and DSS].
  • the anti-fungal agent or compound of the above Formula (I) is applied to a foodstuff in a liquid or dry powder composition.
  • the composition forms a coating on the foodstuff and the compound of Formula (I) is present in the coating in an anti-fungally effective amount.
  • Anti-fungally effective amount is an amount of a compound of the Formula (I) sufficient to inhibit or prevent fungal growth in the coated foodstuff.
  • concentration of the anti-fungal compound of Formula (I) in the composition is preferably at least about 0.01 mg per ml of the composition.
  • a solid (powder) composition preferably the amount of the anti-fungal compound of Formula (I) in the composition is at least about 0.01 mg per gm of the composition.
  • the anti-fungal agent or compound of above Formula (I) in a powder composition will preferably be between 0.001% and 2% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
  • concentration of the compound of Formula (I) will typically be between about 0.001% and. about 2% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
  • Carrier liquids for the compound of Formula (I) such as water, propylene glycol, glycerol, ethanol or mixtures thereof and the like can be used.
  • prevention of fungal growth means the prevention or inhibition of fungal growth, either from existing yeast cells, hyphae and/or spores of a fungus on the surface of foodstuffs, such as grain, beans, nuts, fruits and fodder, by contacting the foodstuffs with an effective amount of docusate sodium.
  • a concentration of at least about about 0.01 mg of docusate sodium per ml of liquid coating or at least about 0.01 mg of docusate sodium per gm of solid (powder) coating on the surface of the foodstuff will effectively inhibit fungal growth.
  • the mode of action of docusate sodium on fungi is not known.
  • docusate sodium inhibits the growth of yeast cells, mold, hyphae and mycelium.
  • mycotoxin-producing fungi When the growth of mycotoxin-producing fungi is prevented or inhibited, the production of mycotoxins by the fungi is prevented.
  • Docusate sodium which is a wax-like solid, is slowly soluble in water to a limited extent and freely soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol.
  • Docusate sodium can be prepared by the esterification of maleic anhydride with 2-ethylhexyl alcohol followed by addition of sodium bisulfite.
  • the other compounds of Formula (I) can be prepared by esterification of maleic anhydride with the appropriate physiologically acceptable alcohol followed by the addition of the appropriate bisulfite salt, such as ammonium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, and calcium bisulfite.
  • Docusate sodium is widely used as a wetting agent in a variety of industrial, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food additive applications. For example, it is used in cocoa preparations, evaporated milk, cold pack cheesefood, cream cheese and french dressing as an additive. As a pharmaceutical it is used as a stool softening agent.
  • Docusate sodium can be applied to foodstuffs to prevent fungal growth in a variety of ways.
  • the docusate sodium can be sprayed as a powder or as a liquid composition onto the foodstuffs.
  • the foodstuffs can be passed through a powder or liquid bath of the anti-fungal composition containing the docusate sodium to coat the surface of the foodstuffs.
  • the docusate sodium may be applied with a food grade acceptable carrier.
  • a carrier comprising ethanol, glycerol, water, dextrose solutions, fructose solutions, starch solutions and the like.
  • Docusate sodium is non-toxic to humans and animals. Accordingly, docusate sodium does not have to be removed or washed from the foodstuffs prior to the consumption by humans and animals. If there is a desire to remove the anti-fungal composition from the foodstuffs prior to consumption or processing into food products, the composition can be removed from the surface of the foodstuffs by conventional means known to the art, such as spray washings, washing baths, or by air knife. As mentioned above, once foodstuffs are infected with mycotoxin-producing fungi, the resulting foodstuff may be contaminated with mycotoxin.
  • the method of the present invention is preferably used on foodstuffs before mycotoxin-producing fungi have infected the foodstuff or invaded into the interior of the foodstuffs.
  • infected is meant that the foodstuff has been infected by mycotoxin producing fungi to the extent that the foodstuff is contaminated or "poisoned” with a physiologically unacceptable amount of mycotoxins that render the foodstuff unacceptable or unsafe for consumption by humans and animals.
  • the present method is very effective in preventing fungal growth on foodstuffs that are contaminated with surface or superficial spores or have, surface or superficial mycotic infections.
  • the process of the present invention may be utilized before or af"ter harvesting of the foodstuffs or during the storage of the foodstuffs.
  • the foodstuffs are treated to the present process just before or just after harvesting. If the foodstuffs are harvested under wet or highly humid conditions, the process of the present invention will preferably be carried out immediately after harvesting.
  • the anti-fungal composition can be applied prior to, during or after storage of the foodstuffs. If the antifungal composition is washed off or removed from the foodstuff, by rain and/or high winds, before storage, preferably the anti-fungal composition is applied to the foodstuff again to prevent fungal infection during storage.
  • Foodstuffs treated in accordance with the method of the present invention are protected from fungal infection and mycotoxin contamination. If the treated foodstuffs are later wetted or dampened, the anti-fungal composition coating, unless washed off, will protect the foodstuffs from mycotic infection.
  • the present methods can be applied, to any foodstuff that is susceptible to infection by mycotoxin-producing fungi, such as cereal grains, corn, cereal grass seed, beans, herbage, fruits, peanuts, and peanut meal and the like.
  • the anti-fungal compositions of the present invention can be applied to plants to prevent fungal infection of the plants.
  • the anti-fungal compositions of the present invention are applied to the plant trunk, leaves, stalks and buds, if any.
  • the plants are treated with sufficient anti-fungal composition to apply a coating containing at least about about 0.01 mg of docusate sodium per ml (when in a liquid carrier) or per gram (when in a solid carrier) of coating.
  • the plants are free of fungal infection at the time of treatment. Treatment is repeated following high winds, rains and spray irrigation if the docusate sodium is blown or washed off the plants. Treatment is continued until the threat of fungal infection has passed.
  • the resulting liquid composition is sprayed onto the corn when the corn is being placed in storage in a silo. A sufficient amount of the composition is applied to coat substantially the entire surface of the corn.
  • a dry powdered composition is prepared from the following ingredients (the amounts are in percentage by weight): Dextrose - 99.49%; dehydrated silica gel - 0.5%; and docusate sodium - 0.01%.
  • the ingredients are finely powdered prior to compounding.
  • the ingredients are thoroughly mixed to insure uniform dispersion of the docusate sodium.
  • the silica gel functions as a desiccant and flow agent.
  • the dry powder is applied to wheat during the loading of the wheat into a storage silo employing a conventional dry powder sprayer. The dry powder coats the wheat grain.
  • Bales of harvested hay are sprayed with a liquid anti-fungal composition
  • a liquid anti-fungal composition comprising the following ingredients: glycerol - 5% by vol.; ethanol - 10% by vol.; pqtable water - 85% by vol.; and 0.2 mg of docusate sodium per ml of water in the composition.
  • the hay bales are sprayed with a sufficient amount of the composition to wet each bale. Thereafter, the bales are stacked and covered to prevent rain water from washing the anti- fungal composition from the bale.
  • CYTOTOXICITY OF DOCUSATE SODIUM IN SOLUTIONS FREE OF SERUM The cell lines used to evaluate cytotoxicity of docusate sodium were MA-104 derived from monkey kidneys, HeLa derived from human uterine carcinoma and primary fibroblasts from human foreskin. The cells were grown to confluency in 60 x 15 mm dishes. The cell monolayers were washed free of growth medium and 5 ml of serium-less growth medium containing docusate sodium at various concentrations was added. The cultures were incubated 24 hours at 37°C and the cells then examined microscopically for cytotoxic effects (CTE). Controls were done in the same manner except that they were not exposed to docusate sodium.
  • CTE cytotoxic effects
  • Table 1 lists the cytotoxicity of docusate sodium with regard to selected cell lines in cell culture.
  • docusate sodium was toxic to the cells when the concentration of docusate sodium in the solution described in this example was between 0.01 and 0.05 mg/ml. This indicates a lack of toxicity if docusate sodium should be ingested.
  • Example 4 The same procedure that was used for Example 4 was used for this example except that the medium used for growing the cells contained 2% by volume fetal calf serum.
  • Table 2 lists the cytotoxi ⁇ effect of docusate sodium at various concentrations in selected cell lines in the cell cultures of this example.
  • results presented in Table 2 indicate that the presence of serum reduced the cytotoxicity of docusate sodium.
  • mycotoxin- producing fungi such as a species of Penicillium, Aspergillus and Fusarium
  • the methods and compositions of this invention can be used to inhibit fungal infection of foodstuffs by other fungi as well.
  • fungal infections caused by Chaetomium trilaterale, Byssochlymys, Pithomyces chartarum, Cercospora, Cephalosporium, Helminthosporium and Gibberella and the like can be prevented in accordance with these methods.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé permet d'inhiber la contamination des aliments par des mycotoxines en appliquant auxdits aliments, avant qu'ils n'aient été infectés par des champignons générateurs de mycotoxines, une composition contenant une quantité antifongique efficiente d'un composé de formule (I), dans laquelle R' et R'' sont chacun indépendamment un groupe alkyle à chaîne droite ou à chaîne ramifiée comprenant entre 5 et 8 atomes de carbone; M représente NH4, Na, K ou Ca, x est égal à 1 lorsque M représente Na, K ou NH4, et x est égal à 2 lorsque M représente Ca.
EP86903972A 1985-06-05 1986-06-05 Procede permettant d'inhiber la formation de mycotoxines dans les aliments destines aux humains et aux animaux Withdrawn EP0222903A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US74168285A 1985-06-05 1985-06-05
US741682 1985-06-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0222903A1 true EP0222903A1 (fr) 1987-05-27

Family

ID=24981728

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86903972A Withdrawn EP0222903A1 (fr) 1985-06-05 1986-06-05 Procede permettant d'inhiber la formation de mycotoxines dans les aliments destines aux humains et aux animaux

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0222903A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU5991186A (fr)
WO (1) WO1986007238A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2636503A1 (fr) * 1988-05-09 1990-03-23 Adobs Urgell Sa Produit phytosanitaire de traitement des vegetaux et procede de mise en oeuvre
FR2760941B1 (fr) * 1997-03-19 1999-05-28 Natural Plant Protection N P P Composition phytopharmaceutique et procede pour la protection des plantes, plantules et semences contre les champignons phytopathogenes
CN1836540B (zh) * 2005-03-22 2010-10-06 宜兴市天石饲料有限公司 饲料添加剂新型高效复合防霉剂及其制造方法

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3931412A (en) * 1972-06-28 1976-01-06 Chevron Research Company Fungus and bacteria control with di-carboxylic acid esters
US4066786A (en) * 1973-02-22 1978-01-03 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Process for combating fungi
GB1462043A (en) * 1973-02-22 1977-01-19 Ici Ltd Process for combating fungi

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8607238A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1986007238A1 (fr) 1986-12-18
AU5991186A (en) 1987-01-07

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