Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
  • C11D17/0052—Cast detergent compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
  • C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
  • C11D3/08—Silicates

Definitions

• the invention relates to multi-layer detergents in the form of a melting block, in particular for the automatic cleaning of dishes, a method for producing the detergents and the use of the detergents in the automatic pre-rinsing and cleaning process of household dishwashers (HGSM).
• HGSM household dishwashers
• the detergent metered into the cleaning zone which is carried over by the continuous operation according to the countercurrent principle into the so-called pre-clearing zone, which corresponds to a pre-rinse cycle, there for supporting cleaning of adhering food residues is used.
• a pre-clearing zone with a detergent component is more effective than a pre-clearing that is only supplied with fresh water.
• the cleaning agents used in this sector are very strongly alkaline. They mainly contain alkali hydroxides. The pH value is above about 12 at normal application concentrations.
• the aim of the present invention to develop a cleaning agent which also serves to support cleaning in the pre-wash cycle of a household dishwasher. Since the pre-rinse cycle, which works at tap water inlet temperatures, only takes a few minutes, the cleaning agent must be soluble as quickly as possible. It must also not be too strongly alkaline, since this is not permitted in the household sector for health reasons as well as for decor-damaging reasons. The pH should therefore not exceed 12 if possible. Contents of free caustic alkali must be excluded.
• melt-block detergents are suitable for simultaneous use in the pre-rinse and main cleaning cycle, the total in the pre-rinse and cleaning cycle during different times and water temperatures together with different solubilities, which is guaranteed by two or more differently acting layers.
• melt-block detergents for automatic dishwashing have been described, which can be obtained by simply mixing together all the alkaline-reacting active substances, such as. B. up to 65 wt .-%, based on the total agent, of sodium silicates and pentasodium triphosphate and optionally water, if the preferred water of hydration of the compounds mentioned is insufficient, and then mildly heating the mixture with stirring to 90 to 100 ° C until Achieving a uniformly molten mass and casting it in molds and allowing it to solidify to form a dense crystal aggregate. Additions of active chlorine-releasing compounds have not been mentioned there.
• Example 8 Melting-block agents for machine dishwashing are also described in EP-PS 3,769. They mostly contain high proportions of alkali hydroxides. However, Example 8 also gives a composition that is free of alkali hydroxide. There the active chlorine carrier is stirred directly into the later solidifying aqueous solution of the components, but mostly the active chlorine carrier is added in the form of a separate core. In this example, the content of cleaning-active substances is only 60% by weight, based on the total agent, which is too low for use in household dishwashers.
• the invention therefore relates to detergents in the form of a melt block, in particular for the mechanical cleaning of dishes, containing customary alkaline components, in particular from the group of alkali metal silicates and pentaalkali metal phosphates, and also conventional additives of the type of active chlorine compounds, surfactants and / or electrolytes, which are characterized in that that they are in the form of multi-layer, preferably two-layer structures and that the layers have a different dissolving speed in the mechanically predetermined time-temperature curve.
• composition of the cleaning layer for the pre-rinse cycle consists of cold water-soluble alkali dispensers, in particular of differently hydrated alkali metasilicates, which cause swelling and wetting of dried-on food residues, which cannot be removed from the dishes by the water mechanics alone.
• This layer has a dissolving speed in flowing water of 15 to 40, preferably 28 to 38, grams per hour at 15 ° C.
• the alkali metal silicates, preferably sodium metasilicates, of the layer provided for the pre-rinse cycle are used in the anhydrous and therefore most alkaline form and the nonahydrate, the most easily soluble form.
• the mixture can also contain proportions of pentahydrate.
• the composition of the pre-rinse cleaning agent layer consists of 20 to 100, preferably 30 to 80% by weight sodium metasilicate nonahydrate, 0 to 60, preferably 10 to 50% by weight sodium metasilicate pentahydrate and 0 to 60, preferably 10 to 58% by weight to achieve higher alkalinity. on anhydrous sodium metasilicate.
• Electrolytes can be added to the layer provided for the pre-rinse cycle to further improve solubility, but also to optimize costs. Electrolytes are to be understood as alkali salts of inorganic or organic acids such as, for example, pentasodium triphosphate, sodium sulfate, sodium acetate and sodium citrate. Their share in the total weight of the detergent layer provided for the pre-rinse cycle can be 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 5% by weight.
• the layer for the actual cleaning cycle preferably contains a substantial content of sodium metasilicate and anhydrous pentasodium triphosphate and also additional cleaning substances, such as an active chlorine compound.
• Their rate of dissolution in flowing water at 15 ° C. is preferably below 25 grams per hour, in particular in the range from 24.5 to 15 grams per hour.
• anhydrous pentaalkali metal phosphate preferably pentasodium triphosphate
• the alkali metal silicates are advantageously used in the layer provided for the cleaning cycle with the lower dissolving speed in the form of sodium metasilicate nonahydrate, sodium metasilicate hexahydrate and sodium metasilicate pentahydrate.
• the amounts used are 5 to 60% by weight, preferably 10 to 50% by weight, calculated on anhydrous compounds and based on the layer intended for the cleaning cycle. However, it is also possible to add an anhydrous compound, which increases the content of cleaning-active substances.
• the optimal weight ratio of pentasodium triphosphate to sodium metasilicate, calculated in each case anhydrous, for the layer for the cleaning cycle is 2: 1 to 1: 2, preferably 1: 1 to 1: 1.7.
• Inorganic active chlorine carriers such as chlorinated lime, lithium or calcium hypochlorite can also be used. They are in amounts of 0.2 to 4, preferably from 0.5 to 2 wt .-%, based on the active chlorine content, the z. B. to be determined by iodometric titration, and the entire layer used.
• the total water content of the melt block-shaped cleaning agent layer is 11 to 35, preferably 18 to 30% by weight. It is preferably introduced by the crystal water content of the alkaline substances. The calculations of the water content must therefore start from these compounds.
• a surfactant component can advantageously be accommodated in the layer provided for the pre-rinsing cycle. This increases the wetting effect in the pre-rinse cycle and better penetrates the dirt dissolved by the alkalis.
• Suitable surfactant components are the known low-foaming nonionic surfactants, such as the ethoxylation products of long-chain alcohols and alkylphenols, and the free hydroxyl groups of the polyethylene glycol ether residue can be substituted by ether or acetal groups or by polypropylene glycol ether residues to reduce the tendency to foam.
• the block polymers of ethylene oxide with polypropylene oxide are also suitable.
• the proportion of surfactants in the total weight of the layer provided for the pre-rinse cycle can be 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 4,% by weight.
• the rate of dissolution of the substances for the individual layers of the melt-block-shaped cleaning agents was determined after the raw material melts had solidified in one Laboratory equipment.
• 15 g of the cleaning agent to be tested which was present as a solid, compact mass in the form of a cuboid (approx. 25 ⁇ 95 ⁇ 15 mm)
• the wash bottle was then closed with a Drechsel wash bottle insert and secured with a cut holder. Water was passed through the bottle at an average temperature of 15 ° C.
• the dissolving behavior was defined as the dissolving rate in g / h (see table, quantities in% by weight)
• the sodium metasilicate nonahydrate is first heated to about 55 ° C. and, if necessary, dye is added for identification purposes. Subsequently, sodium metasilicate pentahydrate and / or electrolyte and / or anhydrous sodium metasilicate and / or nonionic surfactant is added, if necessary, with intensive stirring and stirring is continued until the melt and the solid particles distributed therein are essentially homogeneous.
• the melt for the pre-rinse cleaning agent layer preferably also contains at least one of the other compounds specified.
• sodium metasilicate nonahydrate is first heated to 55 ° C., all other constituents containing hydrate water, in particular sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, then anhydrous pentasodium triphosphate, anhydrous sodium metasilicate and finally the active chlorine-releasing compounds are added and homogenized.
• Easily pourable melts preferably have viscosities of approx. 500 to 1,500 mPas, but higher and lower viscosities can also be processed.
• the melts are filled into the intended form in the quantities to be dosed via a spray nozzle and run there one after the other to form a shaped body with a smooth surface.
• the shape consists of a z. B. made of polyethylene, polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride deep-drawn part, which also serves as packaging. With commercial machines, several casting molds can be drawn from film webs in one operation, which then at the same time tig can be filled using appropriate dosing devices.
• the layer corresponding to the smaller portion of the total melt block is cast first.
• the first layer has solidified or must be so viscous that the two layers are not mixed when the second layer is poured. It is sufficient if the first layer has only solidified on the surface or has formed a firm skin. Cooling can be accelerated by conventional measures (cooling channel, air convection, etc.).
• the mold can be sealed with a film, preferably with a release film.
• the invention therefore also relates, on the other hand, to a process for the production of multilayer, in particular two-layer, detergents in the form of a melt block, in particular for the machine cleaning of dishes, which is characterized in that sodium metasilicate nonahydrate is first heated to 55 ° C. for the melt for the cleaning cycle detergent layer and with stirring or kneading, all the other hydrate-containing constituents, in particular sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, then anhydrous pentasodium triphosphate and anhydrous sodium metasilicate, and finally the compound which releases active chlorine are added and homogenized, then for the melt for the pre-rinse cycle detergent layer, too, first heated the sodium metasilicate non-hydrate to about 55 ° C.
• sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, optionally electrolyte, anhydrous sodium metasilicate and nonionic surfactant are added as quickly as possible with vigorous stirring and stirring is continued until the melt and the solid particles contained therein are essentially homogeneous, preferably first the melt which corresponds to the smaller proportion of the Total melt block corresponds, poured into any, preferably square shape, the mass can solidify by cooling at least on the surface, then pour the second layer and finally allow the entire mass to solidify into a two-layer melt block.
• the melting blocks can be opened before the pre-rinse cycle into a zone which exposes the melting block to the dissolving power of the tap water flow, e.g. B. in the cutlery basket of a household dishwasher and the automatically controlled cleaning process can be started.
• the invention therefore also relates to the use of the multi-layer detergent in the form of a melting block for cleaning dishes in automatic domestic dishwashers, which is characterized in that the melting block is open in the machine before the pre-rinse cycle begins in a zone which exposes the melting block to the dissolving power of the tap water flow , for example by placing it in the cutlery basket, and then initiating the automatically controlled cleaning process.
• the dishes cleaned in this way indicate difficult soiling such as burnt milk or baked oatmeal better cleaning results than the traditionally treated one.
• composition corresponds to Example 1 in the table.
• the two melts were each prepared in heated stirred containers with vigorous stirring.
• composition 1 the nonahydrate was first melted and heated to about 55 ° C. and then the dye was stirred in.
• the anhydrous metasilicate and sodium sulfate were then stirred in with further intensive stirring.
• the surfactant was added and the melt obtained was homogenized at 55 to 60 ° C.
• composition 2 the nonahydrate was heated to 57 ° C.
• the metasilicate pentahydrate, the anhydrous triphosphate and the anhydrous metasilicate were then stirred in in the shortest possible time and the temperature was adjusted to 57 to 60 ° C.
• intensive processing of the melt masses with a powerful stirrer was necessary.
• the trichloroisocyanuric acid was stirred in shortly before the start of the casting process.
• any melt-block-shaped multilayer cleaning agents can be produced, e.g. B. with constant composition 2 according to the above example and one of the compositions given in the table 4 to 15 for the 1st layer.
• multilayer melt block-shaped cleaning agents whose individual layers dissolve at different temperatures at different speeds and / or separate the components that are incompatible with each other, e.g. B. surfactants and active chlorine carriers.
• Any composition according to German application P 35 19 354.9 can also be used for layer 2.
• the thickness of the individual layers can easily be varied with the determined dissolving speed of the composition for the first layer.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)
• Cleaning Implements For Floors, Carpets, Furniture, Walls, And The Like (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (3)

Family

ID=6286459

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (8)

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• 1985
  • 1985-11-21 DE DE19853541153 patent/DE3541153A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1986
  • 1986-11-13 AT AT86115766T patent/ATE61400T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1986-11-13 EP EP86115766A patent/EP0224136B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1986-11-13 DE DE8686115766T patent/DE3677903D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1986-11-17 US US06/931,502 patent/US4828745A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1986-11-18 CA CA000523263A patent/CA1277888C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1986-11-21 JP JP61279533A patent/JPS62129393A/ja active Granted

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