EP0225419B1 - Gebäude - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0225419B1
EP0225419B1 EP85850393A EP85850393A EP0225419B1 EP 0225419 B1 EP0225419 B1 EP 0225419B1 EP 85850393 A EP85850393 A EP 85850393A EP 85850393 A EP85850393 A EP 85850393A EP 0225419 B1 EP0225419 B1 EP 0225419B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building
floor
building according
ramps
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85850393A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0225419A1 (de
Inventor
Allan Skarne
Lennart Adolfsson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SKARNE SYSTEM AB
Original Assignee
Skarne System AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Skarne System AB filed Critical Skarne System AB
Priority to EP85850393A priority Critical patent/EP0225419B1/de
Priority to AT85850393T priority patent/ATE57735T1/de
Priority to DE198585850393T priority patent/DE225419T1/de
Priority to DE8585850393T priority patent/DE3580281D1/de
Publication of EP0225419A1 publication Critical patent/EP0225419A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0225419B1 publication Critical patent/EP0225419B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
    • E04H1/04—Apartment houses arranged in two or more levels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/005—Modulation co-ordination

Definitions

  • a characteristic feature of fostering communities such as towns, cities, and like compactly settled areas resides in their constant growth and development.
  • the development of communities is not solely restricted to the creation of new suburbs, but also involves the rebuilding and, at times, the demolishment of existing buildings, which, due to changing circumstances, no longer suit the purpose for which they were originally built.
  • the present invention is based on the concept of planning new buildings in a manner which will enable them to be modified and altered to suit changing requirements when the time for alteration arises, thereby eliminating the need to demolish existing buildings and to rebuild to specification, and avoiding the heavy costs involved therewith. Since the aims and purposes of a fostering community change with time, it is feasible to suppose that the individual units and buildings, in the area can also be modified to accommodate the needs prevailing at that point in time.
  • a modern apartment block for example, is expected to last from 50-60 years. Consequently, a block of apartments erected today is expected to house families, many of which are still to be born, until the middle of the next century.
  • present day apartments are "type” designed, i.e. built to accommodate given family sizes, e.g. "families of four", “a single person”, etc., since more profit is obtained when the number of "type-design" apartments is rationalized and kept low.
  • an object of the invention is to provide an arrangement in building structures which will eliminate a major part of the aforesaid difficulties without requiring comprehensive modifications of outdated buildings or the replacement of such buildings when wishing to meet changing circumstances. Accordingly, the present invention relates to a novel type of building which can be readily modified at low cost to satisfy changing functions, and which is also designed to meet the needs and requirements of handicapped people.
  • the invention has as its starting point a known building comprising floor structures which are carried on load-bearing supports, such as pillars, wall sections or the like and which extend freely between said supports, and further comprising exterior and/or internal wall elements mounted between the floor structures, of which wall elements at least some can be placed and/or re-positioned in order to provide flexibility with respect to the various rooms or enclosed areas in the building, and arranged in the proximity of respective floor structures are horizontal walk surfaces of which at least some serve as entry corridors to the various areas of a respective floor plan.
  • load-bearing supports such as pillars, wall sections or the like and which extend freely between said supports
  • exterior and/or internal wall elements mounted between the floor structures, of which wall elements at least some can be placed and/or re-positioned in order to provide flexibility with respect to the various rooms or enclosed areas in the building, and arranged in the proximity of respective floor structures are horizontal walk surfaces of which at least some serve as entry corridors to the various areas of a respective floor plan.
  • the invention is mainly characterized in that said horizontal walk surfaces join with a system of ramps extending between the different floor structure levels, and in that service lines, such as electric cables, water pipes, waste pipes and the like, extending into and out of said rooms and enclosed areas, are placed in or adjacent exterior walls in a manner to be accessible from without and from the horizontal walk surfaces.
  • service lines such as electric cables, water pipes, waste pipes and the like, extending into and out of said rooms and enclosed areas, are placed in or adjacent exterior walls in a manner to be accessible from without and from the horizontal walk surfaces.
  • the horizontal walk surfaces can be arranged centrally in the transverse direction of the building and at a suitable distance apart in the longitudinal direction thereof.
  • the ramps connecting the various floor levels can lead directly to corresponding positions in the transverse and vertical directions of the building.
  • the present invention provides a novel building which may be given any desired number of floors and which comprises a basic building structure which can be completed with the use of suitable standardized concrete building elements.
  • a building of this type can be used over a long period of time without requiring comprehensive restructuring work, and can be readily modified to suit various different purposes.
  • one and the same building can be readily altered for such widely different usages as varying types of living accommodation (families, sheltered homes for the aged, youth accommodation, with or without service functions), office facilities, schools, childrens play-schools, medicare centres and like localities.
  • Each floor level of the building affords maximum flexibility with regard to the division and allocation of the space available and with regard to the general planning of the floors, such as to satisfy widely varying needs and quality demands. It is also possible to simply "dismantle" a building constructed in accordance with the invention and re-construct it on another site in a different guise or form.
  • a building constructed in accordance with the invention also affords good possibilities of achieving optimal running economy, since the inherent elasticity of the building with regard to room size and space in general, together with its flexibility with regard to the manner in which the various levels or floors are planned, enables electricity, heat, water, etc. to be drawn to individual apartments and rooms and paid for separately by respective tenants, and also greatly facilitates the disposal of domestic waste, all of which is meaningful and of real worth to the tenants involved.
  • a building constructed in accordance with the present invention also enables the instigation of a novel conception of management and administration in which a tenant may be given the right, preferably contractually, to modify or alter the living space rented by the tenant, or any other form of rented space.
  • the service lines are accessible from outside the building. This greatly facilitates all inspection work and maintenance work required to be carried out, and also enables the service lines to be readily shifted and re-drawn in conjunction with modifications to the various rooms in the building.
  • the respective floor structures are preferably dimensioned to support purpose-built rooms of prescribed load-bearing capacity.
  • the structural floor height should also be dimensioned for purpose-built rooms of prescribed ceiling heights, for the same reasons.
  • a particularly versatile building coupled with optimal disposition ability of the various floor levels can be achieved when the span of the free-span floor structures corresponds to the depth of the building.
  • a building constructed in accordance with the invention may comprise mutually different types of mod- ulized building elements or units. This enables such a building to be erected more readily and more cheaply than would otherwise be the case, despite all the advantages afforded by such a building.
  • the free-span floor structures may include concrete elements which have been cast in vertical moulds thereby avoiding plastic deformation to a large extent.
  • the ramps and/or the horizontal walk surfaces may be made common to a plurality of building structures. This does not only make construction less expensive but also provides the architect with the valuable possibility of varying the appearance of such groups of buildings.
  • the ramps and/or the horizontal walk surfaces may either be enclosed or open, depending largely on prevailing climatic conditions.
  • ramps extend within a space which is separate from an associated building or buildings, for example an extended conservatory designed as a winter garden or the like in which the ramps either extend along the walls thereof, while leaving a central free- space in the building, or are arranged centrally of the building so as to leave the spaces around the walls free.
  • a ramp-enclosure of this kind affords scope for the inclusion of tasteful and practical arrangements, plants etc., interdispersed with childrens play areas and lounge areas, surrounded by flowers, plants etc.
  • Ramps and adjoining horizontal walk surfaces can also be arranged in a space which is not common solely to one building but which also connects with several adjacent buildings, for example in the form of a covered atrium between four adjacent building structures.
  • At least one of the ramps of a building constructed in accordance with the invention can incorporate a so-called moving side-walk.
  • the illustrated building complex comprises four elongated basic building structures or blocks 1-4 in the form of a balcony-access apartment block comprising two stories or floors, these building structures being arranged in pairs to present an "L"-configuration, and being mutually connected partly by horizontal walk surfaces or access balconies 5, common to all building structures, and partly by a further, centrally located building structure 6, which constitutes an area common to the remaining building structures 1-4.
  • the illustrated central building structure 6 can fulfil a number of purposes, it is assumed that the central building structure of the illustrated embodiment primarily serves as the main entrance to the building complex and affords the requisite internal vertical connection between the various floor levels of said complex and the horizontal walk surfaces between the various apartments, offices or the like located on one and the same floor level but in different pairs of buildings 1,2 and 3,4 of said building complex.
  • the illustrated building complex can be readily adapted at low costs to changing functional demands, and is so designed that handicapped people, and especially disabled people, are able to live and move in ease and comfort.
  • the different building structures are each constructed from known load-bearing pillars 7 and wall-sections 8 which support free-span floor structures 9 therebetween.
  • Known exterior and/or interior wall elements 10,11 are mounted between respective adjacent floor structures 9.
  • the wall elements 8,10,11 of the building complex can be readily replaced and/or repositioned, to provide the requisite flexibility of the various rooms and like areas.
  • the horizontal walk surfaces forming the access balconies 5 are arranged in connection with firstly the floor structures 9 forming the respective floors of the building, and secondly with a system of ramps 12 extending between the vaious floor-structure levels and located within the central, common-use building structure 6, these ramps together with the access balconies 5 being common to all building structures 1-4, 6 forming part of the building complex.
  • the ramps 12 extend in a separate space or area provided within the central building 6 and are thus fully enclosed, whereas the horizontal walk surfaces or balconies 5 are solely covered by a roof structure. It will be understood, however, that both ramps and access balconies may be either fully open or fully enclosed, according to choice, and may also conceivably be placed in a common atrium-like area in the centre of a building, or at least the ramps may be placed in a space separate from the actual building itself, although this space must, of course, be connected with the horizontal walk surfaces or balconies served by the ramps.
  • the ramp system 12 incorporated in the central building 6 of the illustrated building complex is assumed to be fitted with large glass wall-sections, so that the area providing access to the ramp system may be planned as a winter garden, with the possibility of providing play areas and recreation areas for the tenants.
  • some or all of the balconies 5 may be extended so as to also include recreation areas or common areas of some kind or another.
  • the basement is also preferably connected to the ramp system 12, in order to fulfil the object of the invention.
  • the requirement placed on the foundations of a building constructed in accordance with the invention are no more than those required of conventional buildings.
  • the floor structures 9 thereof should be dimensioned in a manner which enables them to support purpose-built rooms having prescribed load-bearing capacities.
  • the structural room height should be dimensioned to provide purpose-built rooms having prescribed ceiling heights.
  • the free-span floor structures 9 have a span which corresponds to the depth of the building, which as beforementioned provides for rational construction coupled with optimal possibilities with respect to the disposition of the various floors. From the aspect of rationalization, it is also expedient to use module-type building elements, and then, inter alia, floor-structure elements in the form of concrete units cast in vertical moulds and provided with an ultimately upwardly facing surface which satisfies prevailing floor standards from the time of manufacture.
  • sealing means are conveniently placed between the edge-surfaces of respective wall elements and those building surfaces against which said edge-surfaces are intended to lie.
  • the exchangeable and/or movable elements in the floor structures and walls of the building are also preferably provided with built-in permanent adjustment devices (not shown) effective to permit positional adjustment of said elements in order to obtain perfectly flush joins.
  • All or some of the exterior walls of the building may, to advantage have load-bearing wall elements having a structural room height and length which are adapted to suit a particular purpose. Prior to being erected in the building, these wall elements are conveniently thermally insulated on the outwardly facing surfaces and provided with simple attachment means which enable suitable facing elements to be readily attached thereto and removed therefrom, thereby enabling the facade of the building to be changed at relatively low costs. Certain load-bearing exterior-wall elements are also suitably provided with duct ing through which the aforesaid service lines can be drawn.
  • Each flat, office or like accommodation space in a building constructed in accordance with the invention may be supplied individually with electricity, cold water and a waste-disposal service.
  • the collective part of these services is suitably placed so as to be accessible from outside the building. This enables each flat or other locality to prepare its own hot water, to be responsible for its own heating and ventilation, including the evacuation of stale air, the intake of fresh air and the recovery of heat. This renders the individual supply of electricity and water and the payment for such services more meaningful to the tenants concerned.
  • a building constructed in accordance with the invention may also be provided with individual balconies 13, bay windows 14, conservatories 15, and garden dividers 16, capable of being erected, taken-down or dismantled or moved, thereby affording further possibilities of adapting the building during the various phases of its use.
  • all interior walls and all fittings can be replaced without requiring work to be carried out on the basic structure of the building.
  • the size of the apartments can be varied and the apartments re- planned, by converting room-dividing walls into apartment dividing walls.
  • the building complex constitutes a block of apartments. It will be understood, how ever, that the building may also constitute a block of offices, an industrial hotel, a school, a play-centre or creche, or like localities, all within the scope of the invention. Thus, the invention is not restricted to the described and illustrated embodiment, and modifications can be made within the scope of the following claims.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)

Claims (15)

1. Gebäude mit Bodenteilen (9), die auf lasttragenden Stützen, wie Pfeilern (7), Wandabschnitten (8) od. dgl. getragen sind und die sich frei zwischen den Stützen erstrecken, und ferner äußeren und/oder inneren Wandelementen (10; 11), die zwischen den Bodenteilen montiert sind, von welchen Wandelementen wenigstens einige placiert und/oder versetzt werden können, um Anpassungsmöglichkeiten hinsichtlich der verschiedenen Räume oder umschlossenen Bereiche im Gebäude zu erzielen, wobei in der Nähe zugeordneter Bodenteile horizontale Gehflächen (5) vorgesehen sind, von denen wenigstens einige als Eingangskorridore zu den verschiedenen Bereichen eines zugeordneten Etagengrundrisses dienen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die horizontalen Gehflächen an ein. System von Rampen (12) anschließen, welche sich zwischen den in verschiedenen Etagenhöhen vorgesehenen Bodenteilen erstrecken, und daß Versorgungs- und Entsorgungsleitungen, wie elektrische Kabel, Wasserrohre, Abwasserrohre und dgl., die in die und aus den Räume(n) und umschlossene(n) Bereiche(n) führen, In der Weisel in oder neben Außenwänden angeordnet sind, daß sie von außen und von den horizontalen Gehflächen (5) her erreichbar sind.
2. Gebäude nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die den Boden bildenden Bodenteile (9) für die Abstützung von für bestimmte Zwecke gebauten Räumen dimensioniert sind, die ein vorgeschriebenes Lastaufnahmevermögen aufweisen.
3. Gebäude nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß seine konstruktive Raumhöhe die Konstruktion von zweckbestimmten Räumen mit einer vorgeschriebenen Deckenhöhe ermöglicht.
4. Gebäude nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spannweite der freitragenden Bodenteile (9) der Tiefe des Gebäudes entspricht.
5. Gebäude nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die oberen Oberflächen entsprechender freitragender Bodenteile (9) nach vorherrschenden Bodenvorbildern geformt sind.
6. Gebäude nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die freitragenden Bodenteile (9) Betonelemente enthalten, die in vertikalen Formen gegossen wurden.
7. Gebäude nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Rampen (12) und/oder horizontale Gehflächen (5) für mehrere Gebäudeteile (1 bis 4, 6) gemeinsam vorgesehen sind.
8. Gebäude nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rampen oder horizontalen Flächen umschlossen sind.
9. Gebäude nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rampen und/oder horizontalen Gehflächen offen sind.
10. Gebäude nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rampen in einem vom Gebäude getrennten Abschnitt oder Bereich verlaufen.
11. Gebäude nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rampen und horizontalen Gehflächen in einem gemeinsamen Abschnitt oder Bereich verlaufen .
12. Gebäude nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens einige der horizontalen Gehflächen Erholungsbereiche, Gemeinschaftsräume oder -bereiche und dgl. enthalten.
13. Gebäude nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens einige der horizontalen Gehflächen die Form zugänglicher Balkone (5) aufweisen.
14. Gebäude nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß elastische Dichtungen zwischen den Kantenflächen der auswechselbaren und/oder versetzbaren Wandelemente und jenen Gebäudeobreflächen vorgesehen sind, gegen die diese Randflächen zur Anlage kommen sollen.
15. Gebäude nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in den austauschbaren und/oder versetzbaren Elementen bleibend Einstelleinrichtungen vorgesehen sind, mit deren Hilfe insbesondere die Bodenteilelmente, aber auch die Wandelemente gegeneinander in ihrer Lage eingestellt werden können, um fluchtende Verbindungen zu erzielen.
EP85850393A 1985-12-09 1985-12-09 Gebäude Expired EP0225419B1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP85850393A EP0225419B1 (de) 1985-12-09 1985-12-09 Gebäude
AT85850393T ATE57735T1 (de) 1985-12-09 1985-12-09 Gebaeude.
DE198585850393T DE225419T1 (de) 1985-12-09 1985-12-09 Gebaeude.
DE8585850393T DE3580281D1 (de) 1985-12-09 1985-12-09 Gebaeude.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP85850393A EP0225419B1 (de) 1985-12-09 1985-12-09 Gebäude

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0225419A1 EP0225419A1 (de) 1987-06-16
EP0225419B1 true EP0225419B1 (de) 1990-10-24

Family

ID=8194728

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85850393A Expired EP0225419B1 (de) 1985-12-09 1985-12-09 Gebäude

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0225419B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE57735T1 (de)
DE (2) DE225419T1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2145657C1 (ru) * 1999-05-24 2000-02-20 Гинзбург Виталий Вениаминович Многофункциональная кабельная система здания, способ формирования этой системы для строящегося или реставрируемого здания и способ повышения эксплуатационных долговечности и надежности этой системы
ATE299209T1 (de) 2000-07-14 2005-07-15 Europ D Etudes Et De Construct Wandelement

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD82819A (de) *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE225419T1 (de) 1987-10-15
DE3580281D1 (de) 1990-11-29
ATE57735T1 (de) 1990-11-15
EP0225419A1 (de) 1987-06-16

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