EP0225562B1 - Interrupteur à vide - Google Patents

Interrupteur à vide Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0225562B1
EP0225562B1 EP86116578A EP86116578A EP0225562B1 EP 0225562 B1 EP0225562 B1 EP 0225562B1 EP 86116578 A EP86116578 A EP 86116578A EP 86116578 A EP86116578 A EP 86116578A EP 0225562 B1 EP0225562 B1 EP 0225562B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
screening
slits
switching tube
tube according
vacuum switching
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86116578A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0225562A1 (fr
Inventor
Hans Ing. Grad. Bettge
Burkhard Dipl.-Ing. Mick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6287501&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0225562(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0225562A1 publication Critical patent/EP0225562A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0225562B1 publication Critical patent/EP0225562B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6644—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having coil-like electrical connections between contact rod and the proper contact
    • H01H33/6645—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having coil-like electrical connections between contact rod and the proper contact in which the coil like electrical connections encircle at least once the contact rod
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
    • H01H2033/66269—Details relating to the materials used for screens in vacuum switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vacuum interrupter according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a vacuum interrupter is known from DE-A 2 442 936.
  • ion current is about 10% of the total current.
  • the potential distribution is asymmetrical because the screen is at electrode potential. This requires a much larger distance between the counter electrode and the shield than the potential-free arrangement of the shield, which is common for switching tubes without an axial magnetic field.
  • the present invention is based on the object of generating an axial magnetic field in the area of the switching contacts in a vacuum interrupter, achieving the smallest possible dimensions with high switching power and ensuring the smallest possible mass of the movable switching contact and the lower internal resistances of interrupters without axial field contact.
  • the invention is based on the finding that a switch contact, which has a larger diameter than the associated connecting bolt, generates eddy currents in the shielding which surround it and which, with a corresponding shape, produce an axial magnetic field which is sufficient to break the arc between the contact pieces during the switching process to let diffuse burning at high currents. It is essential for the effectiveness of the arrangement that the slotted screen is arranged floating. As a result, the distance to the switch contacts can be chosen to be relatively small and is preferably 1.5 times the contact distance.
  • the screen only needs to have a corresponding conductivity, so that eddy currents which generate an axial magnetic field can be formed in a suitable size.
  • the screen is made of copper and is at least 2 mm thick.
  • the extension of the screen in the axial direction need only be at least twice the contact distance when switched off.
  • the shield in the area of the discharge space can consist of a relatively thick, highly electrically conductive material over a length in the axial direction that corresponds to twice the contact distance and in the Areas in the axial direction adjoining this area are made of thinner, unslit material of lower conductivity, in which case the latter areas are preferably made of a material with high dielectric strength, for example in a manner known per se made of stainless steel.
  • the shield has the shape of a spirally slotted cylinder wall.
  • the cylinder wall can also advantageously have slots running perpendicular to the axis of rotation. These slots can be offset from one another in the axial direction, two or more slots, which partially penetrate the cylinder wall, being advantageously connected to one another by axially aligned slots. This creates a spiral-like slit structure, the slope of which can easily be adapted to the local magnetic field conditions.
  • a relatively simple and stable structure in each of which two slots are in the same axial position and symmetrical to the axis of rotation of the cylinder wall, and several such pairs of slots are arranged in the axial direction one after the other and are offset in the circumferential direction with respect to the first pairs of slots.
  • the cylinder retains a substantial degree of strength.
  • the axial field component can be influenced depending on the location by the amount of mutual displacement of the slot pairs.
  • a simple embodiment is provided in that the screen is divided into individual screen rings in the axial direction.
  • it is particularly easy to subdivide the electrical conductivity in the axial direction.
  • the au in the axial direction External shield rings can be made from a material with low conductivity and high flashover resistance, for example from stainless steel.
  • the slots have boundary surfaces in the radial direction, which are inclined to the axis of rotation of the cylinder, and if the boundary surfaces of at least one slot open when the switch contacts are open overlap in the viewing directions of the two outer edges of the switching pieces facing the discharge gap.
  • the boundary surfaces of the slot or slots can advantageously be inclined differently depending on the position relative to the electrodes.
  • a movable switch contact 1 and a fixed switch contact 2 lie opposite one another coaxially. They have schematically illustrated contact pieces 3 and 4, which have a larger diameter than the contact pin 5 connected to them in each case.
  • the contact pieces 3 and 4 can be designed in a manner known per se, for example they can be simple plate contact pieces with radial or offset slots parallel to the diameter . Your contact surfaces, in which the contact pieces touch in the closed state, do not need to reach the edge of the respective contact piece, since the arc is forced outward quickly enough.
  • the contact pieces 3 and 4 are separated from the insulating part 7 of the housing by a coaxial shield 6.
  • the shield 6 is composed of a thin-walled outer cylinder 8 and a thick-walled cylinder 9, the cylinder 9 being divided into partial cylinders 9a, 9b, 9c.
  • the cylinder 9 covers the contact pieces 3 and 4 in the axial direction even in the open position of the vacuum interrupter.
  • the current flowing through the switching contacts 1 and 2 generates eddy currents in the shield 9, the axial component of which is kept small by the division into the shielding rings 9a to 9c.
  • the large cross-section of the shielding rings 9a to 9c and the use of an electrically highly conductive metal for these rings create eddy currents in the circumferential direction of the shielding, which generate a considerable axial magnetic field.
  • Such a structure increases the switching capacity.
  • a small distance between the contacts 3 and 4 and the shield 9 is essential, where the distance 1.5 times the electrode distance in the open state is suitable.
  • a wall thickness of the shield 9 of 2 mm extends up to a contact diameter of approximately 100 mm out.
  • the extent of the shield 9 in the axial direction should on the one hand be at least twice the contact distance in the open state and on the other hand also cover the contact pieces 3 and 4 in the axial direction in the open state.
  • a relatively thin-walled shield cylinder 8 made of a material with low electrical conductivity and preferably with a high flashover field strength can be used to protect the insulating housing part.
  • the thin-walled cylinder 8 provides mechanical fastening for the shielding rings 9a to 9c, but in turn does not make any significant contribution to the eddy current formation either in the axial or in the circumferential direction, since it has only a low conductivity.
  • a shield according to FIG. 2 in the form of a spirally cut cylinder 9 is relatively simple to manufacture and ensures the necessary mechanical strength even without an additional shield cylinder 8.
  • eddy currents form over a part of the circumference, the eddy current flowing in the area near the axis in one direction and in the area away from the axis in the other direction. This is possible due to the different distances to the axis.
  • the spiral separation is approximated by a separation of the cylinder in steps.
  • Fig. 4 shows a particularly stable embodiment in which eddy currents can form in the circumferential direction, while the formation of eddy currents is impeded in the axial direction.
  • FIG. 5 shows a complete separation of the shielding into shielding rings 9a to 9d similar to the embodiment of FIG. 1. If a thin-walled shielding cylinder 8, as shown in FIG. 1, is not desired, it is advisable to use the one shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrated embodiment to choose, in which the individual rings 10 to 14 are connected by bands 15 made of electrically poorly conductive material, these bands 15 being fixed to the rings 10 to 14 by spot welding at welding points 16.
  • the rings 10 to 14 are provided with inclined end faces 17, the inclination of the end faces being different.
  • the inclination of the end faces 17 changes in the middle between the contact pieces 3 and 4, based on the open state, their direction to the axis of rotation of the switching contacts 1, 2. This results in different cross-sectional shapes for the rings 10 to 14, the middle ring 12 being trapezoidal Has cross-section.
  • three bands 15 are sufficient, which are preferably arranged offset from one another at an angle of 120 ° .

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Claims (11)

1. Interrupteur à vide comportan deux contacts coaxiaux de commutation (1, 2), qui comprennent chacun une broche de contact (5) et une pièce de contact (3, 4), qui possède des parties, qui sont parcourues par le courant lors du processus de coupure et dont le diamètre est supérieur au diamètre de la broche de contact (5), et comportant au moins un élément de boîtier électriquement isolant (7), qui est protégé, vis-à-vis du dépôt de la vapeur métallin- que apparaissant lors du processus de coupure, par au moins un blindage (6, 8, 9), interrompu dans la direction axiale par des fentes, et dans lequel le blindage (6, 8, 9) est réalisé en un matériau électriquement conducteur et est agencé sous la forme d'un dispositif servant à produire un champ magnétique axial, caractérisé par le fait que le blindage (6, 8, 9) n'est relié, d'une manière électriquement conductrice, à aucun des contacts de coupure (1, 2), est placé à un potentiel flottant par rapport à ces contacts et possède, par rapport aux deux contacts de coupure (1, 2), une distance d'isolation suffisante pour empêcher des décharges disruptives, que le blindage (6, 8, 9) est réalisé en un matériau bon conducteur du courant électrique, que les pièces de contact (3, 4) possèdent des fentes radiales ou décalées parallèlement au diamètre et que le blindage (6, 8, 9) recouvre, au moins dans la direction axiale, les pièces de contact (3, 4), même lorsque l'interrupteur est à l'état ouvert.
2. Interrupteur à vide suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la distance entre le blindage (6, 8, 9) et le bord des pièces de contact est égale à environ 1,5 fois la distance entre les contacts, à l'état ouvert.
3. Interrupteur à vide suivant l'une des revendications 1 e 2, caractérisé par le fait que le blindage (6, 8, 9) est réalisé en cuivre et possède une épaisseur égale à au moins 2 mm.
4. Interrupteur à vide suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que l'étendue du blindage (6, 8, 9) dans la direction axiale est égale au moins au double de la course de coupure.
5. Interrupteur à vide suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que le blindage est constitué par un cylindre creux (9) fendu selon une fente de forme hélicoïdale.
6. Interrupteur à vide suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que le blindage est formé par un cylindre creux (9) comportant des fentes perpendiculaires à l'axe de rotation.
7. Interrupteur à vide suivant la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que des fentes, décalées les unes par rapport aux autres dans la direction axiale, sont ménagées dans le blindage, que deux ou plusieurs fentes traversent seulement partiellement la paroi du cylindre et que ces fentes sont reliées entre elles, au niveau de leur point d'extrémité, par des fentes orientées axialement.
8. Interrupteur à vide suivant la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que respectivement deux fentes sont ménagées dans la même position axiale et symétriquement par rapport à l'axe de rotation et que plusieurs couples de fentes de ce type sont ménagés dans la direction axiale et sont décalés dans la direction circonférentielle, par rapport aux couples directement voisins.
9. Interrupteur à vide suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le blindage est subdivisé, dans la direction axiale, sous la forme d'anneaux individuels de protection (9a, 9b, 9c).
10. Interrupteur à vide suivant l'une des revendications 5 à 9, caractérisé par le fait que, dans le blindage, les fentes possèdent, dans la direction radiale, des surfaces limites, qui sont inclinées par rapport à l'axe de révolution du cylindre, et que les surfaces limites recouvrent au moins une fente, lorsqu'on regarde les deux bords extérieurs des pièces de contact, voisins de la fente de décharge, lorsque l'interrupteur à vide est à l'état ouvert.
11. Interrupteur à vide suivant la revendication 10, caractérisé par le fait que, dans le blindage, les surfaces limites de la ou des fentes sont inclinées différement, en fonction de leur position par rapport au plan médian de la fente de décharge.
EP86116578A 1985-12-03 1986-11-28 Interrupteur à vide Expired EP0225562B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3542742 1985-12-03
DE3542742 1985-12-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0225562A1 EP0225562A1 (fr) 1987-06-16
EP0225562B1 true EP0225562B1 (fr) 1989-09-20

Family

ID=6287501

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86116578A Expired EP0225562B1 (fr) 1985-12-03 1986-11-28 Interrupteur à vide

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4737605A (fr)
EP (1) EP0225562B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS62133623A (fr)
DE (2) DE8534022U1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4214550A1 (de) * 1992-04-29 1993-11-04 Siemens Ag Vakuumschaltroehre
JP2000268684A (ja) * 1999-03-18 2000-09-29 Mitsubishi Electric Corp スイッチギア
DE102008049995B3 (de) * 2008-09-30 2009-11-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vakuumschaltröhre
US10134546B2 (en) * 2015-11-20 2018-11-20 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Maximizing wall thickness of a Cu—Cr floating center shield component by moving contact gap away from center flange axial location
DE102016214755A1 (de) * 2016-08-09 2018-02-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Keramikisolator für Vakuumschaltröhren
DE102016225919A1 (de) 2016-12-21 2018-06-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Anordnung mit Vakuumschalter in einem Isolatorkörper und Herstellungsverfahren der Anordnung
DE102022207491A1 (de) * 2022-07-21 2024-02-01 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Vakuumschaltröhre zum Schalten von Spannungen und Verfahren zum Sammeln von Partikeln in der Vakuumschaltröhre

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3190991A (en) * 1961-05-01 1965-06-22 Jennings Radio Mfg Corp Shield structure for vacuum switches and the like
US3889079A (en) * 1973-09-14 1975-06-10 Westinghouse Electric Corp Vacuum-type circuit interrupters having an axial magnetic field produced by condensing shield coils
NL162238C (nl) * 1976-02-19 1980-04-15 Hazemeijer Bv Vacuumschakelaar met coaxiale magneetspoel.
DE2812987A1 (de) * 1978-03-23 1979-10-04 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Vakuumunterbrecher
US4386249A (en) * 1980-11-25 1983-05-31 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Vacuum circuit interrupter with auxiliary contact for plural arc path device with arc rotating means associated with the primary and auxiliary contacts
US4478347A (en) * 1981-01-23 1984-10-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Unitary end closure and seal shield member for vacuum interrupter
GB8321368D0 (en) * 1983-08-09 1983-09-07 Vacuum Interrupters Ltd High current switch contacts
US4574169A (en) * 1984-09-04 1986-03-04 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Bimetallic arc shield

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE8534022U1 (de) 1987-06-11
US4737605A (en) 1988-04-12
DE3665791D1 (en) 1989-10-26
JPS62133623A (ja) 1987-06-16
EP0225562A1 (fr) 1987-06-16

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