EP0225965B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung für die Abwasserbehandlung - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung für die Abwasserbehandlung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0225965B1
EP0225965B1 EP86110426A EP86110426A EP0225965B1 EP 0225965 B1 EP0225965 B1 EP 0225965B1 EP 86110426 A EP86110426 A EP 86110426A EP 86110426 A EP86110426 A EP 86110426A EP 0225965 B1 EP0225965 B1 EP 0225965B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waste water
tank
treated
bacteria
treating
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EP86110426A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0225965A2 (de
EP0225965A3 (en
Inventor
Keisuki Iwahori
Masao Fujiu
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Meidensha Corp
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Meidensha Corp
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Priority claimed from JP60272989A external-priority patent/JPS62132596A/ja
Priority claimed from JP60272991A external-priority patent/JPS62132594A/ja
Priority claimed from JP60272987A external-priority patent/JPS62132597A/ja
Priority claimed from JP60272988A external-priority patent/JPH0716673B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP60272990A external-priority patent/JPS62132593A/ja
Application filed by Meidensha Corp filed Critical Meidensha Corp
Publication of EP0225965A2 publication Critical patent/EP0225965A2/de
Publication of EP0225965A3 publication Critical patent/EP0225965A3/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/006—Water distributors either inside a treatment tank or directing the water to several treatment tanks; Water treatment plants incorporating these distributors, with or without chemical or biological tanks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/78—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of treating waste water or sewage and equipment for realizing the method and more specifically to a waste water treatment method by which organic substances included in waste water can be decomposed in dependence upon microorganisms, that is, biological treat­ment.
  • batch-type activated sludge methods have recently been highlighted, mainly in small-scale sewage treatment or operation equipment.
  • waste water is introduced into a liquid mixed with activated sludge put in a treatment tank, and aeration, solid-liquid separation and supernatant outflow are effected in series in this treatment tank.
  • This method has various advantages such that: (1) bulking (malsedimentation) will not occur; (2) this method is of an energy saving type; and (3) no high-­degree operation technique is required.
  • the denitrification effect and the dephosphorization effect are high because aeration and sedimentation are repeated.
  • organic substances in waste water can be decomposed by aerobically treating the waste water by the activated sludge for denitrification or dephosphorization, and there-­after the treated waste water is discharged into rivers after disinfection by an antiseptic solution.
  • colored substances formed by bile coloring matter mainly consisting of stercobilin are included in the finally treated waste water. Therefore, the treated and discharged waste water is colored, thus resulting in water pollution.
  • the facultative anaerobic bacteria are cultured under anaerobic conditions on the basis of settled sludge, raw waste water and a culture liquid in a first seed bacteria culture tank, and the cultured sludge bacteria are used for anaerobically treating the waste water.
  • the methane bacteria are cultured on the basis of raw waste water and a culture liquid in a second seed bacteria culture tank, and the cultured methane bacteria are intermittently supplied to the biological contact zone for generation of methane gas.
  • the treated supernatant liquid is further ozone-treated for decolorization of the treated waste water.
  • Part of the ozone-treated waste water is returned and anaerobically treated again as circulating treated waste water.
  • An apparatus for treating waste water according to the present invention is set forth in claim 8 and preferred embodiments of the method and apparatus of the invention are set forth in claims 2 to 7 and 9 to 25 respectively.
  • Fig. 1 by way of example, to the process by which organic nitrogen compounds such as protein is decomposed through nitrification reaction and denitrification reaction of various kinds of bacteria.
  • the bacteria enclosed by frames are heterotrophy, and the bacteria other than those are autotrophy.
  • the reactions shown by dashed lines denote a nitrification reaction occuring under aerobic conditions, while those shown by dot-dashed lines denote a denitrification reaction occuring under anaerobic conditions.
  • Denitrification reactions can be expressed stoichiometrically as follows: where the formula (1) corresponds to nitrous acid respiration and the formula (2) corresponds to nitric acid respiration, respectively.
  • the (H2) of these reactions is given by a hydrogen donor by way of the biological process in a respiration enzyme within bacteria, and almost all denitrification bacteria react with organic substances as hydrogen donors.
  • the features of the present invention are (1) to provide an aerobic operation tank after an anaerobic operation tank; (2) to effect a two-stage aerobic treatment in the aerobic operation tank; (3) to a culture plural groups of bacteria in two separate tanks before being supplied to an anaerobic operation tank; (4) to provide a novel waste water outflow mechanism by a combination of a floating body and a flexible pipe in the aerobic operation tank; and (5) to effect ozone treatment before discharging the treated waste water into a river.
  • Fig. 2 is a process diagram showing the method of this embodiment. On the basis of this drawing, the process of waste water treatment will be described in sequence. Further, the detail of each treatment process and the equipment used at each process will be described with reference to Figs. 3 and sequel.
  • waste water discharged from a livestock house as for hogs A and including waste (excrements) and foul water is passed through a vibration bolter B to remove miscellaneous things such as feathers and feed dregs and then stored in a raw waste water (livestock sewage) storage tank 1. If fine miscellaneous things are not included in the waste water, it is possible to use a screen in place of the vibration bolter B.
  • the raw waste water is fed from the raw waste water storage tank 1 to an anaerobic operation tank 2 through a measuring tank 11 at a constant flow rate or on the basis of overflow from the raw waste water storage tank 1 according to the amount of inflow quantity.
  • the anaerobic operation tank 2 shown in detail in Fig. 3 effects denitrification reaction and methane fermentation in the sewage treatment process.
  • the numeral 21 denotes an introduction chamber into which the high-concentration organic waste water such as livestock waste water, is introduced. The upper portion of this chamber is exposed to the atmosphere.
  • a plurality of introduction pipes 22 having a large number of 4 to 5 mm dia. holes are mounted in such a way as to extend in the vertical direction. Since plural introduction pipes are provided, the scum produced at the liquid surface portion sticks on the circumferences of the introduction pipes, and the waste water flows downstream through between the introduction pipes 22 or through the holes formed in the introduction pipes 22.
  • the reference numeral 23 denotes an anaerobic treatment chamber whose bottom portion communicates with the bottom portion of the introduction chamber 21 and whose upper portion is airtightly closed. At the middle portion of the anaerobic treatment chamber 23, a partition 24 forming a zigzag path is provided to pass the waste water in the upward direction and then in the downward direction. In this embodiment, this partition wall 24 forms a first chamber 23a and a second chamber 23b in symmetrical positional relationship thereto in the drawing.
  • the reference numeral 25 denotes an outflow chamber whose bottom portion communicates with the bottom portion of the anaerobic treatment chamber 23 and whose upper portion is open to the atmosphere.
  • an overflow portion 26 for the overflow of the waste water flowing in the upward direction from the bottom portion thereof, for instance, such as a V-notch shaped overflow portion 26 having a triangular upper edge for separating scum from the waste water.
  • anaerobic operation tank 2 Each portion of the anaerobic operation tank 2 will now be described in further detail.
  • plural steps of biological contact zones 3a made of the media on which methane bacteria are attached and fixed are disposed at intervals in the upward direction.
  • An aquifer 3b is formed between the two biological contact zones 3a.
  • the aquifer 3b is formed as described above, since buffer function is provided, it is possible to prevent the production of shorted stream flowing by shorting the biological contact zones 3a.
  • As the medium for the biological contact zone 3a it is preferable to use a material which can easily catch methane bacteria, for instance, such as a shell of surf clam, hog bone or porous ceramics.
  • the above-mentioned biological contact zone 3a and the aquifer 3b are formed in the outflow chamber 25 in the same way.
  • the biological contact zone 3a serves to heighten the contact efficiency between the methane bacteria and the waste water, and further serves to eliminate suspended solids in the waste water. In particular, these zones serve to prevent the generation of scum in the outflow chamber 25.
  • a gas outlet 27 is formed as a gas extracting portion to let gas generated within the anaerobic treatment chamber 23 out of the tank 2.
  • the as extracted therethrough is directed through a valve V1 into a gas holder (not shown). Since the anaerobic treatment chamber 23 is closed in airhight manner and since the introdution chamber 21 and the outflow chamber 25 are exposed to the atmosphere, the gaseous phase pressure in the anaerobic treatment chamber 23 is determined on the basis of the difference in liquid surface level between the anaerobic treatment chamber 23 and the introduction/outflow chambers 21 and 25.
  • the height in the outflow chamber 25 which exceeds the liquid surface level of the anaerobic treatment chamber 23 functions as a pressure regulating means which can adjust the pressure of the gaseous phase portion. Since the pressure in the gaseous phase portion is adjusted by the pressure regulating section, it is possible to control the pressure in the gaseous portion within an appropriate pressure range so as not to suppress the reaction of methane fermentation, that is, so that the pressure in the gaseous portion is not excessively high. In addition, when the gas produced within the anaerobic treatment chamber 23 is used, the gas pressure can automatically be adjusted at a constant level. Therefore, it is possible to effectively utilize the as without increasing the gas space or a dead space.
  • a scum storage portion 28 for storing scum flowing beyond the overflow portion.
  • the scum stored therein is appropriately removed through a scum extracting valve V2.
  • This scum storage portion 28 is further provided because scum flows beyond the overflow portion 26 after scum has been removed by the biological contact zones 3a.
  • the reference numeral 29 denotes a outflow portion for flowing out the treated waste water flowing beyond the scum storage portion 28.
  • the symbols V3 and V4 shown in the drawing denote sludge extracting valves.
  • the reference numeral 9 denotes a first seed bacteria culture tank in which a group of facultative anaerobic bacteria including anaerobic organic substance decomposition bacteria, anaerobic acid forming bacteria and denitrification bacteria is cultured with a culture liquid peculiar to these bacteria and the waste water to be treated in the anaerobic operation tank 2 as substrate.
  • the facultative anaerobic bacteria one has available excessive sludge or its concentrated sludge produced in an aerobic operation tank 6 (described later) disposed after the anaerobic operation tank 2.
  • the sludge is fed to a first seed bacteria culture tank 9 by the pump P1.
  • the reference numeral 4 denotes a second seed bacteria culture tank in which the methane bacteria group is cultured with a culture liquid peculiar to the bacteria and the waste water to be treated as basic material.
  • a high-concentration organic waste water such as livestock house waste water, for instance is introduced from the upper portion of the introduction chamber 21, and then introduced through the introduction pipes 22, as a downstream flow, to the bottom portion of the introduction chamber 21.
  • the facultative anaerobic bacteria group cultured in the first seed bacteria culture tank 9 is intermittently supplied by the pump P2, and the waste water is mixed with this anaerobic bacteria group. Thereafter, the waste water flows in the upward direction from the bottom portion of the first chamber 23a of the anaerobic treatment chamber 23, overflows beyond the upper edge of the partition wall 24, passing through the biological contact zones 3a and the aquifers 3b alternately from the upper portion of the second chamber 23b and flows from the bottom portion to the upper portion in the outflow chamber 25.
  • the methane bacteria group cultured in the second seed bacteria culture tank 4 are intermittently supplied to the biological contact zones 3a by the pump P3. Therefore, when the waste water flows in accordance with the path as described above, the organic substance changes into low molecule substances and further denitrification reaction occurs in dependence upon the action of the anaerobic bacteria group. Thereafter, the low molecule organic substances such as the organic acids, alcohols, etc. are decomposed to produce gas such as methane gas and carbon dioxide in dependence upon the action of the methane bacteria group strick onto the biological contact zones 3a.
  • the gas produced as described above is collected in the gas holder (not shown) through the gas outlet port 27 so as to be effectively available as fuel.
  • the waste water is passed through the biological contact zones 3a, the suspended solids are eliminated to purify the waste water. If the waste water reaches the overflow portion 26 of the outflow chamber 25 under the treatment thus explained, the waste water is separated into scum and treated waste water. The treated waste water falls into the scum storage portion 28 to remove scum still included in the treated waste water, and then flows out through the outflow portion 29.
  • waste water anaerobic operation tank 2 as described above since organic substances are decomposed and denitrified by the anaerobic bacteria group at the first stage and by the methane bacteria group at the second stage, the decomposition of organic substances is enhanced; waste water can be treated well, and it is possible to effectively utilize the methane gas which is produced and collected.
  • the waste water treated by the anaerobic operation tank 2 as described above is fed to a succeeding stage aerobic operation tank 6 through a bypass pipe continuously or after having accumulated once in a buffer tank (an adjustment tank) 61 intermittently.
  • the former case (bypass) is referred to as continuous inflow type, while the latter case (adjustment tank) is referred to as batch inflow type.
  • Fig. 4 shows the aerobic operation tank 6 and Fig. 5 shows the treatment process in the aerobic operation tank 6.
  • the structure of the aerobic operation tank and the treatment process carried out therein will be described with reference to these drawings.
  • this aerobic operation tank 6 a mixture liquid of activated sludge is previously accomodated to form a base waste water level B.W.L.
  • the waste water anaerobically treated in the anaerobic operation tank 2 is flowed in to a predetermined water level in the aerobic operation tank 6, and is agitated by the agitator means 64 to sufficiently mix the waste water and the activated sludge.Inthermore, the agitation process may be unnecessary if the waste water and actuated sludge are sufficiently mixed in the inflow process.
  • the blower 62 is driven to discharge air via the diffuser means 63, by which the aerobic operation tank 6 is aerated for a predetermined hour.
  • the aerobic treatment is effected in dependence upon the aerobic bacteria group within the activated sludge, so that organic substance in the waste water is decomposed and the nitrification reaction progresses. After sufficient aeration, organic substances are sufficiently eliminated. After a sufficient nitrification, the aeration is stopped to settle the sludge. After the settled sludge has reached the anaerobic condition in this sedimentation process, an appropriate amount of a hydrogen donor such as raw waste water is intermittently flowed in from the raw waste water storage tank 1 into the aerobic operation tank 6.
  • the organic substances in the raw waste water are mixed with the sludge and the supernatant liquid.
  • the reason why the raw waste water is intermittently flowed in is to replenish organic substances as hydrogen donor as described later.
  • the denitrification bacteria in the sludge take hydrogen from the organic substances via biological process of respiration enzyme in the agitation process, and the hydrogen is reacted with N03 - and N02 - included in the nitric acid and the nitrous acid formed in the aeration process to eliminate nitrogen by deoxidizing N03 - and N02 - into nitrogenous gas. Thereafter, aeration is effected again to eliminate the remaining organic substances in dependence upon the aerobic bacteria group and to nitrify ammonium component. Subsequently, the aeration is stopped to settle the sludge.
  • the symbol P1 denotes a sludge extracting pump
  • 65 denotes a manual valve.
  • the sediment of sludge precipitated in the aerobic operation tank 6 is extracted by the pump P1, and fed into the seed sludge culture tank 9 or flowed out of the system by the manual valve 65 as excessive sludge.
  • the appropriate sludge extraction is to such an extent that the sludge retention time (SRT) is from 30 to 50 days.
  • SRT sludge retention time
  • the supernatant liquid in the aerobic operation tank 6 is flowed out by a outflow mechanism 7 described later and then fed to the succeeding step ozone treatment tank 8.
  • the outflow mechanism 7 comprises two floating bodies 71 floated on the liquid surface in the aerobic operation tank 6, a cover portion 72 attached to these floating body 71 and serving as a cylindrical filter portion having an open bottom end, a flexible pipe 73 having one end formed with a waste water inlet port and inserted into the cover portion 72 with an outer diameter a little smaller than an inner diameter of the cover portion 72, a metal fixture 74 for fixing the flexible pipe 73 to the cover portion 72, an outflow pump P4 connected to the other end of the flexible pipe 73 via an outflow pipe 75 so as to suck the treated waste water through the water inlet port, and a manual valve 76 and a motor driven valve 77 disposed on both the sides of the outflow pump P4, respectively, as discharge valves.
  • the flexible pipe 73 is always filled with the treated waste water other than the outflow process. Therefore, when the outflow pump P4 is driven in the outflow process, the supernatant water is sucked up through the opening end of the cover portion 72, passed through the water inlet port of the flexible pipe 73, and then flowed out toward the outside as the treated waste water. Where the outflow mechanism as shown is used, since the supernatant liquid can be sucked at the position below the liquid surface level, the scum flotation on the liquid surface level will not be sucked.
  • the outflow speed of the supernatant waste water can be adjusted by the valves 76 and 77.
  • the symbol H.W.L. denotes the high limit waste water level.
  • ThOD theoretical oxygen demand
  • FIG. 7A An ozone treatment tank 8 disposed after the anaerobic operation tank 6 will be described with reference to Fig. 7A.
  • the numeral 81 denotes a waste water tank.
  • the waste water treated in the aerobic operation tank 6 is supplied through a waste water supply path 81a connected to the bottom portion of this waste water tank 81.
  • the reference numeral 82 denotes a circulation waste water path, whose outlet is open to near the bottom portion of the waste water tank 81 and whose inlet is open to the waste water tank 81 at a position higher than that of the outlet.
  • An ejector pump P5 is provided in this circulation waste water path 82.
  • the numeral 83 denotes an ozone gas generator.
  • Ozone gas is jetted into the ejector pump P5 when a compressor 84 is driven. Further, the outlet of the circulation waste water path 82 is so disposed that the treated waste water ejected from the outlet is flowed upward along the tangential line direction of a circle having a diameter a little smaller than the inner diameter of the waste water tank 81.
  • the numeral 85 denotes an outflow communication path, which extends from above in the downward direction and then bends so as to go up with the outlet opened to the atmosphere.
  • the numeral 86 denotes a top wall portion, and an air-tightly closed space 87 is formed between the wall portion 86 and the liquid surface.
  • the numeral 88 denotes an overflow portion; 88a denotes a receiver portion.
  • the treated waste water flowing through the communication path 85 flows into the receiver portion 88a beyond the overflow portion 88.
  • the numeral 89 denotes an ozone gas treating section.
  • the ozone gas filling the closed space 87 is introduced through the exhaust path 86a connected to the top wall portion 86 and treated in such a way as to be absorbed by an absorbent or deoxidization into oxygen by a reducing agent.
  • the reason why the ozone gas is treated is that ozone gas exerts a harmful influence upon the human body when exhausted into the air as it is.
  • the waste water treated in the aerobic operation tank 6 is continuously supplied into the tank 81 from the bottom portion thereof through the outflow supply path 81a.
  • the waste water flows up in the waste water tank 81, and art of the treated waste water circulates in the circulation waste water path 82.
  • the ozone gas generated from the ozone gas generator 83 is jetted by the ejector pump P5, together with the waste water sucked through the circulation waste water path 82, from the outlet of the circulation waste water path 82 into the waste water tank 81 along the tangential line of a circle determined by the inner diameter of the waste water tank 81.
  • the ozone gas goes up in spiral fashion along the inner wall of the waste water tank 81 in contact with the inflow waste water. While the inflow waste water is in contact with the ozone gas, untreated organic substances are treated and in addition the colored substances are eliminated and further the inflow waste water is sterilized (disinfected).
  • the ozone-treated waste water flows from the upper portion of the waste water tank 81 into the communication path 85, flowing once downward and then upward, and then drops in the receiver portion 88a after having overflowed beyond the overflow portion 88, before being discharged in the river as treated waste water.
  • the ozone gas flowing upward in the waste water tank 81 fills the closed space 87, and enters into the ozone gas treating section 89 through the exhausted path 86a, thereafter being exhausted into the atmosphere after the absorption and/or deoxidization treatment.
  • Part of the treated wasted water in the ozone treatment tank 8 is returned by the circulation pump P6 to the introduction chamber 21 of the anaerobic operation tank 2 as circulating treated waste water.
  • a motor driven valve 78 and an additional manual valve 79 are provided for the outflow pipe 75 of the outflow mechanism 7, and the outflow pipe 75 is connected to the circulation path 82 through a T-shaped connection pipe 82b.
  • the numeral 82a denotes a motor-driven valve.
  • the supply of anaerobic bacteria group used in the anaerobic operation tank 2 will be described.
  • the sludge extracted from the aerobic operation tank 6 and the raw waste water from the raw waste water tank 1 are fed into the seed sludge culture tank 9 to culture the sludge with the raw waste water as a culture fluid under anaerobic condition.
  • the cultured facultative anaerobic bacteria (including denitrification bacteria) are intermittently supplied to the anaerobic operation tank 2.
  • Fig. 8 shows an example of the seed sludge culture tank 9.
  • a waste water agitator means 92 is provided in the culture chamber 91.
  • the sludge cultured by this culture chamber 91 is supplied to the anaerobic operation tank 2 by the pump P2 together with the culture fluid.
  • the numerals 95 to 97 denote communication path members, whose upper portion is open so as to facilitate the flow of the culture fluid and sludge.
  • a pump (not shown) is provided for each culture chamber to supply the seed sludge into the anaerobic operation tank 2.
  • a high denitrification effect is obtained, and further more the sludge extracated from the aerobic operation tank 6 can be utilized effectively.
  • the tank 2 is large in volume, since the anaerobic tank is inevitably increased in size, it is appropriate to set the hydraulic retention time to about 5 days.
  • each process control of the aerobic operation tank 6 although it is possible to implement a previously time-determined sequence control, it is also possible to adopt a control which determines the timing of each process on the basis of the waste water quality standard such as the oxidization reduction potential or the pH level. The latter method can be expect ed to provide an effective treatment.
  • waste water is first anaerobically treated by anaerobic bacteria group and methane bacteria group in the anaerobic operation tank; is then aerobically treated in the aerobic operation tank; is subsequently anaerobically treated by supplying organic substance serving as hydrogen donor into the waste water under anaerobic conditions; and is then aerobically treated again. Therefore, it is possible to treat a high concentration organic waste water without dilution, to sufficiently decompose the organic substances, to obtain high denitrification effect, and thus to perform a good waste water treatment. In addition, since the control of the amount of dissolved oxygen is unnecessary as in the activated sludge method, the maintenance and management are simple.
  • the method of the present invention is energy-saving because continuous aeration is unnecessary. Moreover, since the treatment by methane bacteria is utilized in the anaerobic tank, it is possible to expect a methane collecting effect. In additon, methane collecting effect is not expected, it is possible to treat organic waste water of low concentration. Further, when the water treated by the aerobic tank is further treated by ozone as in the ozone treatment tank, it is possible to disinfect the treated waste water and to eliminate colored substances, thus preventing the occurrence of water pollution.
  • waste water is first aerobically treated and then anaerobically treated by supplying organic substances in the waste water as hydrogen donor under anaerobic conditions, and is then aerobically treated again, it is possible to adequately eliminate nitrogen included in nitric acid and nitrous acid formed by the aerobic treatment.
  • the organic substances remaining after anaerobic treatment can be decomposed by the next-stage aerobic treatment. Therefore, it is possible to effect good sewage treatment. Therefore, since it is possible to use raw waste water as hydrogen donor in the anaerobic treatment, the running cost can be reduced.
  • microorganism groups are cultured separately as seed bacteria group in correspondence to the object of the sewage treatment tanks, and supplied to the sewage treatment tanks, it is possible to enhance the sewage treatment function and to obtain a stable microorganism metabolic action.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)

Claims (25)

1. Verfahren zum Behandeln organischen stickstoffhaltigen Abwassers, mit den folgenden Schritten:
(a) das Abwasser wird anaerob in Abhängigkeit von einer Vielzahl von Gruppen anaerober Bakterien zur Zerset­zung und Denitrierung im Abwasser enthaltener organi­scher Substanzen behandelt;
(b) die organischen Substanzen werden weiter zersetzt, indem das anaerob behandelte Abwasser durch minde­stens eine biologische Kontaktzone geleitet wird, die zusammengesetzt ist aus Mitteln, die eine Vielzahl von Gruppen von Methan-Bakterien enthalten zur Erzeu­gung von Methangas aufgrund der Zersetzungstätigkeit der Methan-Bakteriengruppen;
(c) das anaerob behandelte Abwasser wird wiederholt belüf­tet durch
(c1) Mischen des Abwassers mit aktiviertem Schlamm;
(c2) Belüften des mit Schlamm gemischten Abwassers, um aerobe Behandlung in Abhängigkeit von im akti­vierten Schlamm enthaltenen aeroben Bakterien­gruppen zu bewirken;
(c3) Abbrechen der Belüftung und Absetzen des Schlam­mes unter aeroben Bedingungen;
(c4) Mischen des behandelten Wassers mit organischen Substanzen, die einen Wasserstoffdonator enthal­ten; und
(c5) weiteres Belüften des gemischten behandelten Was­sers zur Eliminierung der weiteren organischen Substanzen in Abhängigkeit von aeroben Bakterien­gruppen;
(d) der Schlamm wird abgesetzt zur Abtrennung überstehen­der Flüssigkeit, die über dem sedimentierten Schlamm auszuströmen ist; und
(e) es werden anaerobe Bakterien und Methan-Bakterien ge­trennt gezüchtet und in den Schritten a) bzw. b) ver­wendet.
2. Verfahren zur Abwasserbehandlung nach Anspruch 1, bei dem das aerob behandelte Wasser zurückgeführt und wieder anae­rob behandelt wird als umlaufendes behandeltes Abwasser.
3. Verfahren zur Abwasserbehandlung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem fakultativ anaerobe Bakterien unter anaeroben Be­dingungen aufgrund des Schlammsedimentes, Roh-Abwasser und einer Kulturflüssigkeit in einem ersten Saatbakte­rien-Kulturtank kultiviert werden, und die kultivierten Schlammbakterien zum anaeroben Behandeln des Abwassers in Schritt a) benutzt werden.
4. Verfahren zur Abwasserbehandlung nach einem der vorange­henden Ansprüche, bei dem Methan-Bakterien aufgrund von Roh-Abwasser und einer Kulturflüssigkeit in einem zweiten Saatbakterien-Kulturtank kultiviert werden, und die kulti­vierten Methan-Bakterien intermittierend der biologischen Kontaktzone zur Erzeugung von Methangas zugeführt werden.
5. Verfahren zur Abwasserbehandlung nach einem der vorange­henden Ansprüche, mit dem weiteren Schritt, daß die abge­trennte überstehende Flüssigkeit zur Entfärbung des behan­delten Wassers mit Ozongas in Berührung gebracht wird.
6. Verfahren zur Abwasserbehandlung nach Anspruch 5, bei dem ein Teil des ozonbehandelten Wassers zurückgeleitet und wieder als umlaufendes behandeltes Wasser anaerob behan­delt wird.
7. Verfahren zur Abwasserbehandlung nach einem der vorange­henden Ansprüche, bei dem der mit anaerob behandeltem Ab­wasser gemischte Wasserstoffdonator ein Roh-Abwasser ist.
8. Vorrichtung zur Abwasserbehandlung mit:
(a) einer Quelle (1) von Abwasser, das stickstoffhaltige organische Substanzen enthält;
(b) einem Anaerob-Tank (2) mit einem an der Abwasserquel­le (1) zum Empfangen einer Menge des Abwassers von der Abwasserquelle angeschlossenen Strömungsweg, wobei der Strömungsweg einen Auslaß (29) besitzt;
(c) Mittel (9, P₂) zum Zuliefern anaerober Bakterien in den Strömungsweg an einer ersten Stelle (21) zur anae­roben Behandlung des Abwassers;
(d) mindestens einer biologischen Kontaktzone (3a), die in dem Strömungsweg an einer zweiten Stelle in Strö­mungsrichtung nach der ersten Stelle vorgesehen ist;
(e) einem Bakterien-Kultivierungstank (4) zur Kultivie­rung von Methan-Bakterien;
(f) Mittel (P₃) zum Zuführen der kultivierten Methan-Bak­terien von dem Bakterien-Kultivierungstank (4) zu der biologischen Kontaktzone (3a) zur weiteren anaeroben Behandlung des die biologische Kontaktzone durchflie­ßenden Abwassers;
(g) einem Aerob-Tank (6) nach dem Auslaß (29) des Strö­mungsweges des Anaerob-Tanks (2) zur Aufnahme einer Menge des Abwassers von dem Anaerob-Tank, wobei der Aerob-Tank aktivierten Schlamm einschließlich aerober Bakterien zur aeroben Behandlung des aus dem Anaerob-­Tank entlassenen Abwassers enthält;
(h) Mittel (7) zum Auslassen des behandelten Abwassers aus dem Aerob-Tank (6).
9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, bei der der Bakterien-Kulti­vierungstank (4) eine Kultivierungsflüssigkeit besonders für die Methan-Bakterien enthält, wobei der Bakterien-Kul­tivierungstank eine Verbindung zu einem Abwasservorrat von der Abwasserquelle (1) besitzt.
10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, bei der das Zuführmittel (9, P₂) für kultivierte Methan-Bakterien Mittel (P₃) zum intermittierenden Zuführen der kultivierten Methan-Bakte­rien zu der biologischen Kontaktzone (3a) enthält.
11. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche 8 bis 10, die einen Bakterien-Kultivierungstank (9) zur Kulti­vierung der an der ersten Stelle in den Strömungsweg zu­zuführenden anaeroben Bakterien enthält.
12. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche 8 bis 11, die Mittel zum Wieder-in-Umlauf-Bringen des behandel­ten Abwassers von dem Aerob-Tank in den Anaerob-Tank ent­hält.
13. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche 8 bis 12, die in dem Aerob-Tank vorgesehenes Mittel (64) zum Rühren des Wassers mit dem aktivierten Schlamm in vorbe­stimmten Zeiträumen und Mittel (62, 63) zum Einführen von Luft in den Aerob-Tank in vorbestimmten Zeiträumen enthält.
14. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche 8 bis 13, die Mittel zum Einführen von Abwasser von der Abwas­serquelle (1) in den Aerob-Tank (6) enthält.
15. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche 8 bis 14, bei der das Ablaßmittel für behandeltes Abwasser einen auf dem Abwasser in dem Aerob-Tank (6) schwimmen­den Schwimmkörper (71) enthält, ein an dem Schwimmkörper (71) so befestigtes flexibles Rohr (73), daß es einen unter dem Abwasserpegel in dem Aerob-Tank (6) gelegenen Einlaß besitzt, und ein an dem flexiblen Rohr vorgesehe­nes Filter (72), um das Eintreten von Verunreinigungen in das flexible Rohr zu verhindern.
16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15, die einen durch das Ablaß­mittel (7) für das behandelte Abwasser an den Aerob-Tank angeschlossenen Ozonisierungstank (8) enthält, Mittel (81a; 82b) zum Zuführen des behandelten Abwassers durch das Ablaßmittel (7) für das behandelte Abwasser in den Ozonisierungstank (8) und Mittel (83, P₅) zum Einführen von Ozongas in den Ozonisierungstank (8) zum Ozonisieren des behandelten Abwassers.
17. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche 15 oder 16, die Mittel (P₆) zum Rückführen eines Teiles des Abwassers von dem Ozonisierungstank in den Anaerob-Tank (2) enthält.
18. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche 15 bis 17, bei der das Ozongas-Einführungsmittel eine Ozon­gasquelle (83) zum Zuführen von unter Druck stehendem Ozongas enthält, eine Zirkulationsleitung (82) mit einer Einlaßöffnung in den Ozonisierungstank und einer Aus­laßöffnung in den Ozonisierungstank und eine in der Zir­kulationsleitung vorgesehene Saugstrahlpumpe (P₅), wobei die Saugstrahlpumpe einen an der Ozongasquelle (83) zum Injizieren des Ozongases unter hohem Druck angeschlosse­nen Einlaß besitzt, um Abwasser durch die Zirkulations­leitung (82) umlaufen zu lassen.
19. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 18, bei der das Auslaßmittel (7) für behandeltes Abwasser an der Zirkulationsleitung (82) an einer in Strömungsrichtung vor der Saugstrahlpum­pe (P₅) gelegenen Stelle angeschlossen ist.
20. Vorrichtung zur Abwasserbehandlung nach Anspruch 8, bei der der Aerob-Tank (6) umfaßt:
(a) einen Tank zum Aufnehmen eines Roh-Abwassers, das als Wasserstoffdonator dient, und eines durch den An­aerob-Tank (2) anaerob behandelten Abwassers;
(b) Belüftungsmittel (62, 63), um Luft in den Tank einzu­diffundieren;
(c) Rührmittel (M₁, 64) zum Rühren von Flüssigkeit in dem Tank (6);
(d) Pumpmittel (P₁) zum Abziehen von Schlamm, der sich in dem Tank abgesetzt hat; und
(e) einen Ausström-Mechanismus (7) für überstehende Flüs­sigkeit.
21. Vorrichtung zur Abwasserbehandlung nach Anspruch 21, bei der der Ausström-Mechanismus für überstehende Flüssig­keit umfaßt:
(a) einen auf der Flüssigkeitsoberfläche des Tanks schwimmenden Schwimmkörper (71);
(b) ein flexibles Rohr (73), dessen eines Ende mit einem Sauganschluß versehen und an dem Schwimmkörper (71) angebracht ist;
(c) ein an dem Sauganschluß zur Entfernung von festen Substanzen vorgesehenes Filter (72); und
(d) eine Ausströmpumpe (P₄) und ein Ausströmventil (75), die jeweils an dem anderen Ende des flexiblen Rohrs (73) angeschlossen sind.
22. Vorrichtung zur Abwasserbehandlung nach Anspruch 8, die weiter einen Ozonbehandlungstank (81) zur Behandlung von aus dem aeroben Tank 6 ausgeströmten Abwasser mit Ozon zum Entfärben des behandelten Abwassers enthält.
23. Vorrichtung zur Abwasserbehandlung nach Anspruch 22, bei der der Ozonbehandlungstank (8) umfaßt:
(a) einen Behandlungstank (81), von dessen Bodenab­schnitt mit Ozon zu behandelndes Abwasser zugelie­fert wird;
(b) Ozongas-Zuführmittel (83, P₅) zum Einblasen von Ozon­gas an oder in der Nähe des Bodens des Behandlungs­tanks (81);
(c) einen Ausströmverbindungsweg (85) an einem oberen Ab­schnitt (86) des Behandlungstanks (81), der so gebil­det ist, daß er mit der Umgebung in Verbindung steht, um Abwasser, das in dem Behandlungstank mit Ozon behandelt wurde, ausströmen zu lassen;
(d) eine Deckwand (86) an der Oberseite des Behandlungs­tanks, um so einen luftdicht umschlossenen Raum (87) mit Bezug auf eine Flüssigkeitsoberfläche des Behand­lungstanks zu bilden;
(e) einen Ableitweg (86e), der an der Deckwand vorgese­hen ist, um in dem Behandlungstank enthaltenes Ozon­gas abzulassen; und
(f) einen an dem Ablaßweg (86a) vorgesehenen Behandlungs­abschnitt (89) für abgelassenes Ozongas.
24. Vorrichtung zur Abwasserbehandlung nach Anspruch 23, bei der das Ozongas-Zuliefermittel umfaßt:
(a) einen Abwasser-Zirkulationsweg (82) für behandeltes Abwasser, dessen Auslaß am Boden oder in der Nähe des Bodens des Behandlungstanks (81) mündet und dessen Einlaß in den Behandlungstank (81) an einer höheren Stelle als der des Auslasses geöffnet ist;
(b) eine an dem Wasser-Zirkulationsweg (82) vorgesehene Saugstrahlpumpe (P₅); und
(c) Ozongas-Erzeugungsmittel (83) zum Einstrahlen von Ozongas in die Saugstrahlpumpe (P₅).
25. Vorrichtung zur Abwasserbehandlung nach Anspruch 24, bei der mit Ozon zu behandelndes Abwasser zu der Saugstrahl­pumpe (P₅) so zugeführt wird, daß es mit dem eingestrahl­ten Ozongas in der Saugstrahlpumpe (P₅) gemischt wird.
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JP272988/85 1985-12-04
JP60272991A JPS62132594A (ja) 1985-12-04 1985-12-04 水処理装置
JP60272987A JPS62132597A (ja) 1985-12-04 1985-12-04 排水処理方法及びその装置
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