EP0226584A1 - Capteurs de gaz et procedes de fabrication et d'utilisation de ces capteurs - Google Patents

Capteurs de gaz et procedes de fabrication et d'utilisation de ces capteurs

Info

Publication number
EP0226584A1
EP0226584A1 EP19850904125 EP85904125A EP0226584A1 EP 0226584 A1 EP0226584 A1 EP 0226584A1 EP 19850904125 EP19850904125 EP 19850904125 EP 85904125 A EP85904125 A EP 85904125A EP 0226584 A1 EP0226584 A1 EP 0226584A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
poly
gas
detectors
sensor
polymer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19850904125
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Krishna Chandra Persaud
Paolo Pelosi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cogent Ltd
Original Assignee
Cogent Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cogent Ltd filed Critical Cogent Ltd
Publication of EP0226584A1 publication Critical patent/EP0226584A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
    • G01N27/125—Composition of the body, e.g. the composition of its sensitive layer
    • G01N27/126—Composition of the body, e.g. the composition of its sensitive layer comprising organic polymers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to gas sensors.
  • gas in this context includes materials which are gaseous under normal conditions, as well as vapours and odours.
  • sensors for gases based on different detection principles include thin film lanthanide oxide semiconductors, surface acoustic wave devices, pyroelectric enthalpimetric sensors based on ther - ally programmed desorption, and new sensors based on field effect transistors coated with gas sensitive substances, for example lanthanum oxide. None of the.se sensors are particu ⁇ larly satisfactory as they tend to lack specificity, for example lanthanide oxide semiconductors respond to any reducing gas, need to work at high temperature in order to have reasonably fast responses, and are easily poisoned. Other methods require complex and expensive instrumentation. New techniques using field effect transistors are potenti ⁇ ally very useful since they combine small size with sensi- tivity, but the problems of selectivity are yet to be resolved.
  • the sensors described in EP 22028 are stated to respond, by change in electrical resistance, to the group of gases evolved during combustion i.e. CO, CO2, NO, NO2, HC1, NH3, HCN and SO2; and particularly the gases evolved when cellulose burns with or without a flame, or when alcohol burns.
  • the sensors are further described as responsive to a further group of gases namely, hydrogen, methane, propane and butane.
  • EP 22028 only discloses gases which produce a response in decreasing the resistance of the sensor material. No disclosure is made of gases which do not alter or which increase the resistance of the sensor material, or that a gas might increase the resistance of one material, while decreasing the resistance of another material.
  • the sensor materials are in general used singly; and although it is suggested that they can be linked in series or parallel, and indeed two examples of parallel linking of two sensor materials are given, only a single output signal is obtained, and there is no suggestion of observing the signals separately: the aim of combining them being to get a response from the range of gases to be detected, rather than to distinguish betweeen individual gases. This further reinforces the apparent expectation of getting only one type of reaction; namely, a decrease in resistance of the sensor material.
  • the formation of organic polymeric sensors is but poorly described.
  • gases can have quite different responses with a range of sensor materials; increasing, decreasing or having negligible effect on the conductivity of the sensor material, and this can be put to use in differentiating between gases, and even identifying a gas, either absolutely or as a member of a specified group of gases.
  • a gas sensor of the present invention is characterised in that it employs at least one polymeric organic semi ⁇ conductor material the electrical conductivity of which in the presence of the gas to be detected undergoes a change enabling identification of the same.
  • the sensor can be further characterised according to one preferred form of the invention by the use of a plurality of different semiconductor materials whose reactions to the gas under test are separately taken, giving a response spectrum characteristic of the gas to be detected so enabling identification of the same.
  • the senor is used in conjunction with another detection system to discriminate between a plurality of possible alternatives for the gases detected by said other detection system.
  • Said other detection system may be another sensor of the present invention, or it may be a different system such as a flame ionisation detector.
  • the invention is further characterised in that it provides novel organic polymeric semiconductor materials having electrical properties useful in such sensors.
  • the materials novel per se comprise: polythiophene-2-aceto- nitrile; polyisobutylthiazole; polyindole; polydimethyl- aniline; polyphenol; polymethylpyrrole; polyphenylene- diamine; polyisovaleraldehyde-aniline (Schiff's base); polymethylaniline; polyhexylaniline; polyaniiinoethyl- acetate; polyanilinomethylbutylacetate; and polyanilino- menthylacetate.
  • the present invention provides novel methods of preparing such polymers, as described more fully below, which seems to influence the gas-sensitivity characteristics of the polymer.
  • the polymers thus produced are novel per se over known polymers which are nominally the same, such as polypyrrole and polychloroaniline, but which evidently differ structurally in some manner.
  • the element may comprise more than one material.
  • one material may be a substrate supporting another material.
  • a preferred substrate is polypyrrole which may support any other material of the group.
  • the supported material is preferably a coating on the substrate.
  • the element is preferably formed by electrolytic deposition.
  • the material or at least one of the materials of the element is preferably deposited onto a metallic electrode.
  • the electrode may, for example, be of platinum which may be wire, tape, mesh, plate or other form.
  • a preferred form of electrode comprises two adjacent wires onto both of which the material is deposited to form a body of material bridging the wires.
  • a method of making a gas sensor is characterised by electrolytically depositing a semiconductive organic polymer material onto a substrate electrode using as electrolyte a solution of a monomeric form of the material in a solvent in which the monomer is sparingly soluble.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a basic form in which any of the sensors described may be made;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit suitable for use in measuring the response of the sensors described;
  • Figures 3 and 4 are traces obtained with the embodiments of E and A respectively, using the circuit of
  • Figure 2 showing changes in electrical resistance plotted as ordinate for ambient atmospheres of different gases specified at positive or negative peaks along the abscissa;
  • Figure 5 is a table listing gases in a vertical column to the left with the corresponding increases or decreases in resistance exhibited by the five embodiments A to E indicated by "+” or "-", respectively, in five columns to the right. The designation "0" indicates negligible response.
  • Figure 6 is a table showing the solvent used in making embodiments F to with comments on polymerisation; and
  • Figure 7 is two traces, the upper being the response from a flame ionisation detector to (a) ethanol and (b) iso- octane and the lower a resistance characteristic response to (c) ethanol for a polychloroaniline sensor according to the invention.
  • the monomer is dissolved in solvent medium in which it is sparingly soluble and which comprises a protic material for creating ions, and will normally comprise also an aprotic solvent miscible with the protic material for the purpose of creating the appropriate solubility conditions for the monomer and polymer.
  • An ionic base may be dissolved in the solvent medium to act as electrolyte and counteract negative ions in the polymer.
  • the amount of ionic base used will affect the electrical properties of the polymer, and can be varied accordingly. In general, increasing the amount of base will decrease the concentration of delocalised electrons in the polymer and therefore increase its resistance. On the other hand, it could make the polymer more sensitive to disturbance of the remaining electrons by the gas being detected, and hence increase the sensitivity of the device.
  • Suitable bases are the quaternary amines, for example tetraethylammonium- tetrafluoroborate.
  • the protic medium will usually be water; and the aprotic solvent can be selected according to the solubility characteristics of the monomer, but will usually be found among common aprotic solvents such as acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, ethanol and acetone.
  • the electrolytic conditions are selected in order to obtain a satisfactory deposit.
  • the voltage will have to be above the natural energy barrier of the electrolytic medium, typically about 1.2 volts. With a small overvoltage a thin,
  • the electrodes so that the configuration and spacing of these can be used to control the current to a desired level. Usually a few microamps is sufficient to obtain an adequate deposit in a reasonable time. If the current is too high, the deposit will tend to be unstable, while if it is too
  • Examples A to E pyrrole, 2-chloroaniline, thiophene-2-acetonitrile, indole and tetraethylammonium- tetrafluoroborate were from Fluka AG, Switzerland. 2-isobutylthiazole was from Oxford Organic Chemicals Ltd., Brackley, UK. Thes ⁇ compounds were redistilled or recrystallised before ⁇ se.
  • the distance between the anode and cathode was 1.5 centimetres and the conductivity of the electrolyte was 9.1 - 9.5 x 10 ⁇ * 7 mho.
  • Electrolysis was carried out for 20 minutes at a constant voltage of 3 volts. The current during the time of electrolysis fell from 8 ⁇ A to 3 ⁇ A as deposition of polypyrrole occurred on the anode.
  • the sensor was washed in acetonitrile and dried in air and had a resistance of 400 - 700 ohms.
  • Polychloroaniline was synthesised electrolytically on to the surface of a pyrrole sensor (A) again by anodic deposition.
  • the electrolyte consisted of 0.1M 2-chloroaniline/0.lM tetraethylammoniumtetrafluoroborate in 90% ethanol, 10% water. This solution had a conductivity of 1.25 x 10 -4 mho and the cell dimensions were identical to (A). Electrolysis was carried out for 10 minutes at 3V. The resulting sensor was washed in ethanol, dried in air and had a resistance of 1-8 Moh .
  • Poly-2-acetonitrile Polythiophene-2-acetonitrile was synthesised electrolytically on to the surface of a pyrrole sensor (A) by anodic deposition.
  • the electrolyte consisted of 0.1M thiophene-2-acetonitrile/0.1M tetraethylammoniumtetrafluoro ⁇ borate in 80% ethanol, 20% water.
  • the solution had a conductivity of 1.1 x 10 ⁇ 5 mho.
  • Electrolysis was carried out for 10 minutes at 3V. The resulting sensor was washed in ethanol and when dry had a resistance of 300-800 ohm.
  • Polyindole was synthesised electrolytically on to the surface of a pyrrole sensor (A) by anodic deposition.
  • the electrolyte consisted of 0.1M indole/O.lM tetraethyl ⁇ ammoniumtetrafluoroborate in 84% ethanol, 16% water. This solution had a conductivity of 2 x 10 ⁇ 5 m ho. Electrolysis was carried out for 10 minutes at 3V. The resulting sensor was washed in ethanol and when dry had a resistance of 1-5 Kohm.
  • E. Poly-2-isobutylthiazole Polyisobutylthiazole was synthesised electrolytically on the surface of a pyrrole sensor " (A) by anodic deposition.
  • the electrolyte consisted of 0.1M 2-isobutyithiazole/O.lM tetraethylammoniumtetrafluoroborate in 99% acetonitrile, 1% water.
  • the conductivity of this solution was 6 x 10 ⁇ mho and electrolysis was carried out for 10 minutes at 3V.
  • the resulting sensor was washed with acetonitrile and when dry had a resistance of 150-600 ohm.
  • a two- layer sensor is formed, with polypyrrole as the first layer and the other polymer deposited on top of it. This was primarily because polypyrrole binds strongly to platinum, and therefore provides a better substrate for depositing the other polymer. However, it has also been found that the resulting sensor can have different properties from either of the component polymers applied singly.
  • Each sensor was completed as shown in Figure 1.
  • the two platinum anode wires 10 were enclosed in respective glass capillary tubes 12,14 secured side by side to one another to give a strong mechanical support.
  • the element 16 of polymer material is exposed immediately adjacent the lower ends of the tubes 12,14.
  • the element 16 forms the sensor resistance shown in Figure 2.
  • the output was used to drive a chart recorder having a chart speed of 8 cms per minute and set to a sensitivity of 0.64 millivolts per cm for Figure 3 and 1.28 mV/cm for Figure 4.
  • the sensors made according to examples A to E showed good mechanical strength, were electrically stable over a period of several months and were not poisoned by any of the compounds tested.
  • Examples of the electrical response to different compounds is given in Figures 3 and 4, which show resistance characteristics having specific shape features by which corresponding respective compounds can be identified.
  • the changes in electrical resistance on exposure to differ- ent compounds were investigated and these are summarised in Figure 5. With some sensors increased resistance was observed while with others a decrease in resistance was observed to the same compound. For example on exposure to ammonia sensors B and D showed a decrease in resistance while A, C, E showed an increase in resistance.
  • the table in Figure 6 shows further embodiments of semiconductor polymers.
  • the polymer was electrolytically deposited, the electrolyte being tetra- ethylammoniumtetrafluoroborate and the monomer and electro ⁇ lyte concentrations 0.1M except where stated otherwise.
  • the anode was stainless steel. The voltage difference was 3 volts and the time of deposition was 10 minutes.
  • the polymer material was a black coating on the anode. In these cases, using a stainless steel electrode most of the polymers formed good coatings directly on the metal.
  • Figure 7 shows traces obtained when a mixture of ethanol and iso-octane were injected into a gas liquid chromatograph in which the gas outlet was switched between a flame ionisation detector and a polychloroaniline sensor made according to the present invention.
  • the ionisation detector temperature was 210 degrees Celsius and the column temperature was 140°C with, as carrier gas, nitrogen at 3 millilitres/rninute.
  • the flame detector produced the responses (a) and (b) .
  • the polychloroaniline sensor produced the characteristic (c) having a specific shape feature by which the presence of the ethanol was clearly identified. There was no shape feature in response to iso- octane.
  • the gas-sensitive behaviour of the sensors of the present invention can be partially explained by the fact that when a molecule of a gas becomes adsorbed on to the surface of one of these organic semiconductors, electrons may be donated to or withdrawn from the active surface and a change in electrical resistance can be observed due to the change in pi-electron density. Another contribution to the change in resistance may be ascribed, at least in some cases, to conformational changes in the polymer molecule, involving disturbance of the conjugated pi-electron system. By modification of the chemical groups on the active surface of the polymer and by creating steric effects or group specific effects selectivity to different types of gases can be achieved.
  • a sensor of the present invention can be used in conjunction with other sensors to discriminate further the output from the earlier sensor system.
  • the sensor of the present invention will indicate which it is.
  • a gas identification system comprises using a first gas sensor to provide a first level of discrimination whereby the signal from the sensor indicates a range of possible gases, and using a second gas sensor to provide a second level of discrimination whereby the signal from the sensor reduces said range of possibilities, and optionally using a third or higher number of sensors similarly to increase the level of discrimination and thereby more accurately indicate the nature of the gas detected.
  • one or more of the gas sensors can be of a different type from the polymeric semiconductor sensor of the invention; for example a flame ionisation detector in combination with a polymeric semiconductor sensor.
  • a plurality of semiconductor sensors of the present invention may be used, either separately or simultaneously to provide a set of signals from the sensors, each being characteristic of the response of the respective semi- conductor to the gas being detected, and each therefore providing a higher level of discrimination with respect to the collection of signals provided by the rest of the sensors.
  • the degree of discrimination required will vary according to the particular use to which the gas detector is put. With a sufficiently large number of different sensors, , it may be possible to provide a "fingerprint" response, which, if encountered, will positively identify the gas in any situation.
  • the particular circum ⁇ stances of detection will have a bearing on the situation, so that detection is, in effect, from only a rather limited number of possible gases; and so rather fewer different sensors are needed to obtain a positive identification.
  • detection is, in effect, from only a rather limited number of possible gases; and so rather fewer different sensors are needed to obtain a positive identification.
  • a single semiconductor sensor with a known response to that gas.
  • sensors A to E indicated in Fig. 5 If the sample is chromatographed so as to separate the gases, the presence of methanol, butanol and ethyl acetate will be distinguished, but not acetic acid, which has the same response as ethanol.
  • the addition of one or more sensors using polymers which react differently to acetic acid and ethanol will increase the level of discrimination and enable acetic acid also to be identified.
  • the chromatograph itself may provide the first , level of discrimination, so that although ethyl alcohol and acetic acid give the same response, their relative positions in the chromatograph may serve to distinguish between them and enable a positive identification to be made.
  • the elements are a coating of organic semiconductive polymer material on a gate field effect transistor.
  • The. change in conductivity of the element when exposed to different ambient gases or odorants, can readily be detected as a change in capacitance to give useful indications identifying such gases or odorants.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)

Abstract

Un capteur de gaz, vapeurs, odeurs, etc. possède un élément semi-conducteur polymère dont la résistance électrique varie en présence de certains gaz. Le polymère est formé par dépôt électrolytique sur le substrat à partir d'une solution de son monomère, la solution comprenant un milieu solvant dans lequel le monomère est modérément soluble, un solvant protéique et une base ionique. Un certain nombre de détecteurs de différents gaz peuvent être utilisés pour obtenir de chacun une réaction caractéristique à la présence d'un gaz, et la combinaison de réactions peut être utilisée pour établir une distinction entre les gaz. Les différents détecteurs peuvent tous être à base de polymères organiques, ou un ou plusieurs détecteurs peuvent utiliser d'autres principes tels que l'ionisation de flamme ou la chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Le détecteur peut être utilisé par exemple dans le contrôle d'environnements industriels, la chromatographie en phase gazeuse ou liquide, le contrôle de qualité dans la production de produits alimentaires et boissons, et dans la production de produits alimentaires.
EP19850904125 1984-08-21 1985-08-20 Capteurs de gaz et procedes de fabrication et d'utilisation de ces capteurs Pending EP0226584A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8421188 1984-08-21
GB848421188A GB8421188D0 (en) 1984-08-21 1984-08-21 Gas/odorant sensor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0226584A1 true EP0226584A1 (fr) 1987-07-01

Family

ID=10565602

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19850904125 Pending EP0226584A1 (fr) 1984-08-21 1985-08-20 Capteurs de gaz et procedes de fabrication et d'utilisation de ces capteurs

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0226584A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB8421188D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1986001599A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8427004D0 (en) * 1984-10-25 1984-11-28 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Sensors
GB8708201D0 (en) * 1987-04-06 1987-05-13 Cogent Ltd Gas sensor
WO1989007265A1 (fr) * 1988-02-03 1989-08-10 Wollongong Uniadvice Limited Chromatographie utilisant des materiaux en phase fixe a polymere electroconducteur
GB8818802D0 (en) * 1988-08-08 1988-09-07 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Sensor
EP0398286A3 (fr) * 1989-05-18 1991-09-25 Nisshinbo Industries, Inc. Capteur d'ammoniac
GB9116360D0 (en) * 1991-07-29 1991-09-11 Neotronics Ltd Device for sensing volatile materials
FR2696236B1 (fr) * 1992-09-28 1994-12-02 Toulouse Inst Nat Polytech Procédé et dispositif pour la localisation des truffes par la détection des composés volatils émis par ces dernières.
US5607573A (en) * 1993-03-10 1997-03-04 Hughes Aircraft Company Method for detecting fugitive emissions
GB9404090D0 (en) * 1994-03-03 1994-04-20 Neotronics Ltd Method of fabricating a gas sensor
GB9412633D0 (en) * 1994-06-23 1994-08-10 Aromascan Plc Semiconducting organic polymers
GB9417913D0 (en) * 1994-09-06 1994-10-26 Univ Leeds Odour sensor
GB9425207D0 (en) * 1994-12-14 1995-02-15 Aromascan Plc Semi-conducting organic polymers
FR2728713A1 (fr) * 1994-12-23 1996-06-28 Neutronic Dispositif detecteur de fumees d'incendie
GB9521089D0 (en) * 1995-10-14 1995-12-20 Aromascan Plc Cluster analysis
GB9608774D0 (en) 1996-04-27 1996-07-03 Bloodhound Sensors Limited Apparatus and method for detecting fluids
ES2121699B1 (es) * 1996-12-10 1999-06-16 Consejo Superior Investigacion Sistema portatil para determinar compuestos organicos volatiles en suelos.
US8394330B1 (en) * 1998-10-02 2013-03-12 The California Institute Of Technology Conductive organic sensors, arrays and methods of use
DE60026309T2 (de) 1999-05-10 2006-12-14 California Institute Of Technology, Pasadena Verwendung eines räumlich-zeitlichen reaktionsverhaltens in sensor-arrays zur detektion von analyten in fluiden
US7122152B2 (en) 1999-05-10 2006-10-17 University Of Florida Spatiotemporal and geometric optimization of sensor arrays for detecting analytes fluids
US6631333B1 (en) 1999-05-10 2003-10-07 California Institute Of Technology Methods for remote characterization of an odor
RU2156971C1 (ru) * 1999-10-28 2000-09-27 Институт нефтехимического синтеза им. А.В. Топчиева Сенсор паров углеводородов и бензинов
RU2202780C1 (ru) * 2001-07-18 2003-04-20 Закрытое акционерное общество "Бератех" Сенсор паров углеводородов
RU2205393C1 (ru) * 2002-06-28 2003-05-27 Государственное образовательное учреждение Воронежская государственная технологическая академия Ячейка детектирования для анализа газовых фаз
CN119264422B (zh) * 2024-11-07 2026-02-06 北京化工大学 光激发In2O3/PPy/g-C3N4异质结材料室温CO2气体传感材料及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3428892A (en) * 1965-09-20 1969-02-18 James E Meinhard Electronic olfactory detector having organic semiconductor barrier layer structure
FR2460480A1 (fr) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-23 Sicli Cie Cle Procede de detection et d'analyse de gaz, notamment pour la prevention des incendies
DE3217883A1 (de) * 1982-05-12 1983-11-17 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Gassensor
DE3223545A1 (de) * 1982-06-24 1983-12-29 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen Copolymere von pyrrolen, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung sowie ihre verwendung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8601599A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8421188D0 (en) 1984-09-26
WO1986001599A1 (fr) 1986-03-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO1986001599A1 (fr) Capteurs de gaz et procedes de fabrication et d'utilisation de ces capteurs
Barisci et al. Conducting polymer sensors for monitoring aromatic hydrocarbons using an electronic nose
US6572826B1 (en) Chemically sensitive sensor comprising arylene alkenylene oligomers
Cahuantzi‐Muñoz et al. Electrochemical biosensor for sensitive quantification of glyphosate in maize kernels
Guadarrama et al. Array of conducting polymer sensors for the characterisation of wines
JP4215510B2 (ja) 広域選択性による混合物の分析のためのセンサーおよびセンサーシステムにおける前記センサーの使用
JP3963474B2 (ja) 流体中のアナライトを検出するためのセンサアレイ
US6083366A (en) Sensor
Martínez-Huitle et al. Fabrication and application of Nafion®-modified boron-doped diamond electrode as sensor for detecting caffeine
Ferreira et al. Langmuir–Blodgett films from polyaniline/ruthenium complexes as modified electrodes for detection of dopamine
EP0766818B1 (fr) Polymeres organiques semi-conducteurs pour des detecteurs de gaz
US8004152B2 (en) Electronic tongue sensor
Bissell et al. The influence of non-specific molecular partitioning of analytes on the electrical responses of conducting organic polymer gas sensors
Hayashi et al. Electric characteristics of lipid-modified monolayer membranes for taste sensors
English et al. Biogenic amine vapour detection using poly (anilineboronic acid) films
Graboski et al. Array of different polyaniline-based sensors for detection of volatile compounds in gummy candy
Ivanov et al. Conductometric transducing in electrocatalytical sensors: Detection of ascorbic acid
Nikolelis et al. A minisensor for the rapid screening of sucralose based on surface-stabilized bilayer lipid membranes
Ködderitzsch et al. Sensor array based measurement technique for fast-responding cigarette smoke analysis
Bailey et al. Applications for an electronic aroma detector in the analysis of beer and raw materials
Barisci et al. Development of an electronic nose
Arranz et al. Study of the electro-adsorptive behaviour of the herbicide nitralin by means of voltammetric techniques
JPH09292356A (ja) ガス識別方法
Boland et al. Electronic noses
Yang et al. Gas sensor array based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes and polymer

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: PERSAUD, KRISHNA, CHANDRA

Inventor name: PELOSI, PAOLO