EP0227359A2 - Architekturrundbogen - Google Patents

Architekturrundbogen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0227359A2
EP0227359A2 EP86309489A EP86309489A EP0227359A2 EP 0227359 A2 EP0227359 A2 EP 0227359A2 EP 86309489 A EP86309489 A EP 86309489A EP 86309489 A EP86309489 A EP 86309489A EP 0227359 A2 EP0227359 A2 EP 0227359A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bricks
brick
pins
arch
pin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86309489A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0227359B1 (de
EP0227359A3 (en
Inventor
Colin James Michael Knox
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0227359A2 publication Critical patent/EP0227359A2/de
Publication of EP0227359A3 publication Critical patent/EP0227359A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0227359B1 publication Critical patent/EP0227359B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/08—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/20—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
    • E04C3/22—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members built-up by elements jointed in line
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/38—Arched girders or portal frames
    • E04C3/44—Arched girders or portal frames of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
    • E04B2002/0245—Pegs or pins
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0265—Building elements for making arcuate walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C2003/023—Lintels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to arches for use in buildings, in particular, brickwork arches.
  • Such arches may be suitable for location over architectural features such as windows, doors panels etc., and may have various shapes from flat to semicircular, gothic and many other decorative forms.
  • arches have been made by various methods.
  • arches have comprised a series of upright or "soldier" bricks arranged side-by-side over the feature.
  • the arch has no load-bearing properties and must therefore be supported either by a lintel beneath or by a rod passing through the bricks from one end of the arch to the other or by some other means.
  • This would constitute a flat arch.
  • This basic design might be varied by using suitably tapered bricks to arrive at a trapezium-shaped arch having a flat top and bottom.
  • pre-cast arches are expensive and very diffiuclt to handle on-site. Furthermore, they either require a complicated metal reinforcement system or a load bearing feature above.
  • a system for an architectural arch comprises a series of bricks laid side by side and a series of pins, each pair of adjacent bricks being interconnected by means of a pin.
  • each pin is of stainless steel and has a rearwardly extending anchor for connection to a structure.
  • the pin and anchor may be considered to constitute together a tie.
  • the bricks may be of any suitable material and may be cuboidal, to provide a flat arch or may have any other suitable profile, e.g. trapezoidal to provide a curved or semi-circular arch.
  • each brick is formed with an opening to receive the pin.
  • the opening may be a bore extending laterally through the thickness of the brick in which case there are preferably two bores, one spaced above the other.
  • a pin can extend into one bore from one side of the brick while another pin can extend into the other bore from the other side of the brick, and so on.
  • each pin supports effectively half of the two adjacent bricks into whose bores it extends.
  • each tie comprises an anchor and a pin extending laterally in both directions.
  • an arch can be built up from a series of such bricks with adjacent bricks interconnected by staggered pins, preferably leaving a series of rearwardly extending anchors for attachment to a structure.
  • each brick has in each side face, a central rebate which is open at the top.
  • the two rebates form a recess into which a grout can be poured.
  • the bores in the bricks are appreciably larger than the size of the pins so that the grout can fill the bores, surrounding the pins. The grout therefore serves to bond the two adjacent bricks together. This allows the mortar layer between the bricks to be quite thin which is frequently preferred for aesthetic reasons.
  • the bricks may be manufactured quite simply. First they are formed as cuboids, preferably by extrusion. The rebates may then be formed and bores drilled through. They may then either be used directly to build a flat arch or subsequently formed with inclined faces if a curved or semi-circular arch is to be built. Naturally, any radius of arch curvature can be produced by adjusting the inclination of the faces.
  • the pins and anchors are preferably made of stainless steel.
  • the grout is preferably a run-grout which may incorporate styrene-butadiene rubber.
  • a curved arch may be constructed as follows. A former is placed in position. A brick with the required profile is placed on the former and a layer of mortar is placed on the side surface of the brick. A tie is located with its pin level with one of the brick bores and the position of the anchor is marked on the structure behind the arch, which structure might be concrete downstand beam or part of a floor structure. A hole is then drilled in the structure at the marked position and the tie is located with the pin in the brick bore and the anchor in the newly drilled hole. The anchor is grouted in position.
  • a second brick is then mortared and placed in position adjacent the first with the remainder of the pin of the tie extending into the corresponding bore in the second brick.
  • the recess formed by the two rebates is filled with grouting and the whole process is repeated, with the next tie being located relative to the other bore in the second brick.
  • a load-bearing arch can be constructed with adjacent bricks being interconnected by staggered pins. It will be appreciated that a considerable span can be achieved.
  • the present invention allows an arch to be constructed in an even simpler fashion.
  • the precise position of the ties relative to the bricks resulting from the location of the pins in the brick bores means that the position of the anchors relative to the structure as a whole can be predetermined.
  • the holes necessary for location of the anchors can be drilled into the supporting structure in advance.
  • the bricks and ties can then simply be mortared and grouted in position one after the other. Sufficient on-site tolerance is provided by the size of the pins relative to the brick bores.
  • the brick ll, shown in Figure l may be used to construct a flat arch in accordance with the invention.
  • the brick ll has a top surface l2, a bottom surface l3, a front face l4, a rear face l5, and two side faces l6, l7.
  • the side faces l6, l7 each have a recess l8, l9 which are open at the top surface l2 only.
  • Two bores 2l, 22 extend from one recess l8 to the other l9.
  • the brick 3l shown in Figures 2 to 4 may be used to construct a curved arch and is similar to the brick ll except that the side faces 36, 37 are tapered.
  • the brick 3l is wider from side to side at the top l2 than at the bottom l3.
  • the degree of taper will be determined by the required radius of curvature of the arch to be constructed.
  • the tie 4l shown in Figures 5 and 6 is made of stainless steel and consists of a pin 44, 45, a flat perpendicularly extending shank 42, and an anchor portion 43.
  • the anchor portion 43 is serrated.
  • FIG. 6 The construction of an arch is shown in Figure 6 and 7.
  • the bricks 3l are positioned on a former 5l and the ties 4l are located with one end 44 of the pin extending into one of the bores, in this case the upper bore 22.
  • the serrated anchor portion 43 extends into a suitable hole 52 drilled into a concrete downstand beam 53.
  • a second brick 3l (not shown in Figure 6) is positioned with its side face 37 adjacent the side face 36 of the first brick 3l and with a thin layer of mortar 54 between them.
  • the hole 52 is filled with grouting and the recess formed by the two adjacent rebates l8, l9 is also filled with grouting so that the shank 42 and the pins 44, 45 are encased, and the two bricks 3l are securely bonded.
  • the next tie 4l is located with its pin in the lower bore 2l of the second brick 3l and so on, as shown in Figure 7. In this way, the arch form shown in Figure 7 is built up and the former can then be removed.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
EP19860309489 1985-12-05 1986-12-05 Architekturrundbogen Expired - Lifetime EP0227359B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8530018 1985-12-05
GB8530018A GB2183688B (en) 1985-12-05 1985-12-05 Architectural arch

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0227359A2 true EP0227359A2 (de) 1987-07-01
EP0227359A3 EP0227359A3 (en) 1987-12-02
EP0227359B1 EP0227359B1 (de) 1991-05-22

Family

ID=10589313

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860309489 Expired - Lifetime EP0227359B1 (de) 1985-12-05 1986-12-05 Architekturrundbogen

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0227359B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3679390D1 (de)
GB (1) GB2183688B (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0636200A4 (de) * 1992-04-06 1995-04-19 Berger Lintels Int Sturz.
DE10337691A1 (de) * 2003-08-12 2005-03-17 Grossmann, Rainer Baukasten zur Herstellung von tragenden Bauteilen aus einzelnen leichten Bautsteinen in trockener Bauweise
FR2883311A1 (fr) * 2005-03-21 2006-09-22 Andre Scobeltzine Voussoir creux, a emboitement, pour la construction d'arcs de differents diametres

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2241517B (en) * 1990-03-01 1994-04-13 Knox Colin J M Architectural arch
GB9018874D0 (en) * 1990-08-30 1990-10-17 Metsec Plc Brickwork support system

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191501220A (en) * 1915-01-26 1916-01-20 Frederick William Edlin Improvements in or relating to the Construction of Floors and the like.
GB126100A (en) * 1918-03-28 1919-04-28 Frederick Bolton Improvements in the Manufacture of Reinforced Concrete Structures.
US1412477A (en) * 1920-10-11 1922-04-11 Norman A Mcivor Arch
GB202461A (en) * 1922-06-23 1923-08-23 Clifford Lane Cummings Improvements relating to lintels or beams
FR808284A (fr) * 1936-08-14 1937-02-02 Voûte
GB500656A (en) * 1937-08-17 1939-02-14 Max Schaeffer Method of building masonry from building elements such as bricks
GB543246A (en) * 1940-08-13 1942-02-16 Edwin Henry Ward Improvements in or relating to arched structures and methods of building the same
GB682792A (en) * 1950-02-18 1952-11-19 Peter Bryan Roscoe Johnson Improvements in or relating to structures or articles composed of prestressed concrete or other like prestressed mouldable material
GB818573A (en) * 1956-04-09 1959-08-19 Steuler Industriewerke Gmbh Improvements in and relating to building blocks
GB862356A (en) * 1958-11-07 1961-03-08 Paurat F Improvements in and relating to lagging of subterranean spaces by means of concrete mouldings
NL298771A (de) * 1962-10-05
GB1527555A (en) * 1976-06-21 1978-10-04 Fairclough Constr Group Ltd Tunnel lining
CH643024A5 (en) * 1980-07-09 1984-05-15 Zuercher Ziegeleien Spring anchor
US4397128A (en) * 1981-02-17 1983-08-09 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Reinforced masonry wall structure

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0636200A4 (de) * 1992-04-06 1995-04-19 Berger Lintels Int Sturz.
DE10337691A1 (de) * 2003-08-12 2005-03-17 Grossmann, Rainer Baukasten zur Herstellung von tragenden Bauteilen aus einzelnen leichten Bautsteinen in trockener Bauweise
FR2883311A1 (fr) * 2005-03-21 2006-09-22 Andre Scobeltzine Voussoir creux, a emboitement, pour la construction d'arcs de differents diametres

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3679390D1 (de) 1991-06-27
GB8530018D0 (en) 1986-01-15
EP0227359B1 (de) 1991-05-22
GB2183688A (en) 1987-06-10
GB2183688B (en) 1988-10-19
EP0227359A3 (en) 1987-12-02

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