Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/06—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
  • C10L1/1225—Inorganic compounds halogen containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
  • C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
  • C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
  • C10L1/1886—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof naphthenic acid

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an additive for liquid fuel, such as fuel oil, gas oil and Diesel oil, including motor Diesel .
• manganese salts of branched aliphatic acids with 8-9 carbon atoms, such as Manganese Siccato ⁇ S' from Akzo Chemie, con ⁇ taining about 10% Mn, 61-67% of a non-volatile material as well as 35% of mineral spirits (white spirits) or "NuodexS' Dryer Manganese”.
• t, -Tuode»S' Dryer Iron may be mentioned as an example of a suitable iron napththenate preparation.
• suitable qualities of high-boiling tar oil may be those containing polyaromatic hydrocarbons, such as anthracene oil.
• anthracene oil By heating anthracene oil 40% are distilled in the temperature range 330-400°C.
• the flash point of an ⁇ thracene oil is 180° in a closed cup.
• Calcium salts of branched aliphatic acids with 8-9 carbon atoms such as Calcium Siccatol® from Akzo Chemie, con ⁇ taining about 5% Ca, 47-52% of non-volatile ingredients and mineral spirits as the remainder of "Nuode-_ ⁇ ' Dryer Calcium” may be mentioned as suitable calcium salts of ali ⁇ phatic acids .
• An additive according to the invention may be prepared from the above three compulsory ingredients by heating separately the tar oil until it is liquid and by adding the naphthalene during continuous heating to form a homogeneous liquid mixture, which is thereafter mixed with the man ⁇ ganese salt preparation.
• An additive according to the invention with all six in- gredients is prepared by combining a mixture formed by stirring of the calcium salt preparation, the manganese salt preparation and the iron naphthenate preparation with a separately prepared melt mixture of tar oil, ferric chloride and naphthalene.
• kerosine is usually added in order to obtain a stable mixture more easily compatible with the fuel.
• the mixture proportion of the ingredients is normally within the following intervals for the used preparations with a content of the specified active ingredient :
• manganese salts of aliphatic acids (calculated as Mn) 0.008-0.08 kg/ton fuel 2) high-boiling tar oil 0.009-0.09 kg/ton fuel
• ferric chloride 0-0.04 kg/ton fuel
• calcium salts of aliphatic acids (calculated as Ca- content) 0-0.03 kg/ton fuel
• a mixture of all six ingredients is normally used for the combustion of fuel oil.
• An additive with no content of component 6) is normally used for the combustion of gas oil.
• An additive with no content of component 6) is normally used for the combustion of Diesel oil and in case of ad ⁇ dition to motor Diesel oil.
• the addition of a smaller amount of calcium salts of aliphatic acids may be preferred, whereby a loosening of deposits, including hard deposits, in the entire machinery is ob ⁇ tained.
• the additive according to the invention is supposed to function in such a manner that it reduces the surface tension of the fuel, and as a result a better atomization and thus a better operation with fewer interruptions are obtained.
• the reason for soot formation in connection with the com- bustion of liquid fuel is supposed to be that the atomized fuel drops are too big. Consequently, they cannot be burned completely and pass in partly unburned condition through the boiler and are deposited in tubes and on other heat surfaces in the form of soot. Oil coke is also formed on account of too big fuel drops, as the oil in these drops are heated to a temperature, at which they can coke before the drop is burned out. The oil coke particles formed cannot burn under the prevailing conditions and are con ⁇ sequently carried with the exhaust gas. A finer atomization of the fuel is obtained by using the inventive additive, whereby a far more complete combustion is ensured than the one obtained when the fuel is burned in the form of bigger drops.
• one liter of kerosine-containing additive is usually added to one ton of fuel oil.
• This preheating is normally performed by electric heating and is expensive.
• the energy saving obtained per se will be of such a magnitude that it covers the costs of the additive .
• lt may in certain cases be desirable to avoid a reduction of the preheating temperature, a more complete combustion with consequent "better results in the boiler" being ob ⁇ tained instead.
• the use of the additive according to the invention in systems for combustion of fuel oil results in a reduction of the formation of soot, oil coke, clinkers and sulphuric acid. Protection against formation of heat-insulating coat ⁇ ings in the boiler with a consequent high efficiency is thus obtained.
• the corrosion damages on the exhaust gas side are furthermore reduced, and any water, if present, is emulsified in the oil. As a result a clean and dry boiler with a longer life is obtained, and the system is more stable in operation and requires less maintenance.
• kerosine-containing additive per ton of oil is also used .
• inventive additive is added to gas oil.
• the additive prevents development of paraffin wax, keeps tanks, tubes and filters clean, emulsifies water, if present, in the oil or water formed by condensation, and protects against corrosion.
• the additive affords pro- tection against frost down to -18°C. A better atomization and thus a more complete combustion are ensured, whereby deposit of soot and coke is avoided.
• the more clean com ⁇ bustion reduces the fuel consumption and the wear and tear in connection with use in Diesel engines.
• the additive according to the invention is also suitable for addition to Diesel oil used in stationary as well as mobile Diesel engines,, e.g. marine engines.
• One liter of kerosine-containing additive is usually added per ton of Diesel oil.
• the additive prevents development of paraffin wax, gives a more clean engine and facilitates the star ⁇ ting.
• the additive affords protection against frost down to -18°C.
• Tanks, tubes and filters are kept clean.
• the additive emulsifies any water present in the Diesel oil and water formed by condensation. Protection against cor- rosion in tanks, tubes, pumps and valves is thus obtained. An improved atomization with consequent more complete combustion is achieved, which means that soot and coke deposits are avoided. As a result a reduction of the fuel consumption and less wear in Diesel engines is obtained.
• the boiler was operated with 80% load and the boiler was not adjusted during the tests.
• the emission during dosage of additive is below the thres ⁇ hold value of 2.5 g/kg of oil suggested by the Department of the Environment, and this indicates that a better o- perating economy (higher C02-percentage) during normal daily operation can be obtained by readjusting the burner.
• the boiler was not adjusted during the tests, and it appears that the C02-number obtained' are in all essentials unchanged.
• the C02-content may be optimized by a suitable adjustment of the boiler.
• the C02-content in the exhaust gas was measured to about 12.5% and the soot number (Bacharach) to about 5.
• a further advantage of the use of the additive according to the invention is that expensive emulsifying systems, as known in connection with the addition of water, are a- 0 voided, as the additive should only be poured into the tank or be dosed in any other simple manner.
• a conventional gas oil system previously operated with a C02-content in the exhaust gas of about 13% and a soot number of 1-2.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
• Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=8117420

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Families Citing this family (10)

Family Cites Families (3)

• 1985
  • 1985-06-28 DK DK294485A patent/DK152925C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1986
  • 1986-06-11 EP EP86903276A patent/EP0229089A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1986-06-11 JP JP61503293A patent/JPS62503173A/ja active Pending
  • 1986-06-11 AU AU59632/86A patent/AU5963286A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1986-06-11 WO PCT/DK1986/000063 patent/WO1987000193A1/en not_active Ceased
• 1987
  • 1987-02-27 FI FI870874A patent/FI81374C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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