EP0229464B1 - Brechbares Gehäuse für elektrisches Bauelement - Google Patents

Brechbares Gehäuse für elektrisches Bauelement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0229464B1
EP0229464B1 EP86308713A EP86308713A EP0229464B1 EP 0229464 B1 EP0229464 B1 EP 0229464B1 EP 86308713 A EP86308713 A EP 86308713A EP 86308713 A EP86308713 A EP 86308713A EP 0229464 B1 EP0229464 B1 EP 0229464B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
region
cured
electrical component
curable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86308713A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0229464A1 (de
Inventor
Udo Eberhard Koch
Bodo Boettcher
Paul Dr. Tamplin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tyco Electronics Raychem GmbH
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Tyco Electronics Raychem GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tyco Electronics Raychem GmbH filed Critical Tyco Electronics Raychem GmbH
Priority to AT86308713T priority Critical patent/ATE60460T1/de
Publication of EP0229464A1 publication Critical patent/EP0229464A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0229464B1 publication Critical patent/EP0229464B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/04—Housings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B17/32—Single insulators consisting of two or more dissimilar insulating bodies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B17/42—Means for obtaining improved distribution of voltage; Protection against arc discharges

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a frangible housing having improved resistance to explosive shattering, and to its method of manufacture.
  • the invention is con­cerned with improving the resistance to explosive shattering of a hollow housing that is made of a frangible material, particularly, though not exclusively, for use in electrical applications, that is to say, where the housing is arranged to contain or forms part of, an electrical component, espe­cially a high voltage electrical component.
  • Frangible housings for example made of a ceramic or other refractory material, and particularly made of porce­lain, find extensive application in the electrical power industry in for example components such as surge arrestors, bushings (on voltage and current transformers or switchgear for example), cable terminations and insulators.
  • Such housings may be hollow in the sense that they contain other components or form a part of components, such as resistor blocks of a surge arrestor or an electrical conductor of a bushing or cable termination, or may otherwise be subject to internal pressure such as in a gas- or oil-filled insulator. Housings of this kind can be subject to high mechanical and thermal stresses and in extreme cases are liable to explode so that flying fragments of porcelain can cause damage to property or people in their vicinity.
  • Hollow housings for example can be subject to an electrical overload of the com­ponents they contain, leading to explosion.
  • UK Patent Application Publication No 2050719 A for example discloses a surge arrestor housing that is provided with a rupturable diaphragm at one end, that is arranged to be pierced on occurrence of an internal overpressure.
  • surge arrestor housing that is provided with a rupturable diaphragm at one end, that is arranged to be pierced on occurrence of an internal overpressure.
  • There are instan­ces however, when such an arrangement is not convenient, such as when two or more surge arrestors are mounted in proximity, for example side-by-side, such that an explosion of or from one may adversely affect another.
  • the housing instead of being of regular tubular configuration, may have a convoluted or a shedded outer surface so as to increase the path length along the outer surface and thus minimise the effects of creepage current.
  • An outer surface of such configuration usually gives rise to a variation in the wall thickness of the housing along its length with a consequent longitudinal variation in the mechanical strength of the housing.
  • mechanically weaker regions of a housing may arise from use of different materials at different regions.
  • GB-A-376984 discloses the use of spaced-apart metal wire bindings or clips wrapped as reinforcing means around a por­celain electrical insulator so as to hold together fragments that can arise on breakage.
  • CH-A-616265 discloses a feedthrough having elastomeric material that forms a liner that extends over the entire inner surface of the porcelain housing of the feedthrough so as to restrain the movement of broken fragments thereof.
  • a hollow frangible housing that is arranged to contain or to form part of an electrical com­ ponent, the housing having at least one relatively weak region and at least one relatively strong region, charac­terised in that cured electrically insulating restraining material is mounted on only an outer surface of the housing and only at said at least one weak region thereby to restrain any explosive shattering of the housing at said region arising from adverse operation of the electrical com­ponent.
  • the at least one relatively weak region is more subject to fracture than the at least one relatively strong region.
  • the housing comprises a substan­tially uniform configuration, such as a circular cylindrical configuration, and the restraining means is applied at only one region thereof or at a plurality of spaced apart regions to provide local reinforcement for retention in the event of an explosion.
  • part of the housing is not covered, for example enclosed, by the restraining means. This positively allows the frangible housing to break and to release the excess pressure, whilst the adjacent restraining means tends to hold the pieces together.
  • the housing will, in general, be elongate.
  • a method of reinforcing a hollow frangible housing that is arranged to contain or to form part of an electrical component, the housing having at least one relatively weak region and at least one relatively strong region, characterised in that cured or curable electrically insulating restraining material is applied only to an outer surface of the housing and only at said at least one weak region, thereby to restrain any explosive shat­tering of the housing at said region arising from adverse operation of the electrical component, and in that, if the material is curable, effecting or allowing cure thereof.
  • the method may include where applicable the further step of curing the material of the restraining means. This step may be carried out before, or after the curable material has been applied to the housing. For example, a certain amount of curing may be effected before the material is applied to the housing. If desired, further curing may then be effected after the material has been applied to the housing.
  • the electrically insulating restraining material advan­tageously, especially for outdoor use or use in contaminated environments, is electrically non-tracking and resistant to a hostile environment, for example resistant to salt, water and acid such as found in heavily contaminated industrial environments.
  • restraining means may be applied to each of them, or to one or only some of them as desired.
  • the restraining means is not intended to prevent breakage of the frangible housing, but that should the housing shatter due to an internal or exter­nal impulse, the tendency for it to fly apart causing further damage or injury to people or property by impact of fragments will be reduced due to the restraining action of the cured material.
  • the restraining material may be cured by being subjected to moisture, or by comprising a single- or multi-part, for example two part, curing system such as epoxy resin or sili­cone material.
  • the material is curable by being subjected to ultra-violet radiation.
  • the material may be cured all the way through, or may be cured in an outer portion only, thus leaving an inner portion with some conformability.
  • the extent of the curing would depend, for example, on the thickness of the material, its composition, and, in a particular example, on the amount of photo-initiator present and on the amount of exposure to ultra violet radiation.
  • a positive step of curing the material may take place soon or immediately after it has been applied to the housing, and in the case of UV curable material for example this can be achieved by subjecting it to radiation from a UV lamp.
  • the curing may be allowed to occur naturally, by exposure to the local atmosphere, for example sunlight over an unspecified period of time. It is desirable that the material is curable without the applica­tion of any significant amount of heat, since too much heat could put too much thermal stress on the housing.
  • the curable material is provided and applied to the housing in tape or sheet form.
  • This may be of about 3 mm thickness and may be wrapped two or more times around the housing.
  • the thickness and number of layers used will depend on the particular application, in general more curable material being applied the greater the likeli­hood of fracture of the housing.
  • the restraining action may be enhanced by embedding fibrous material, for example polyester or glass fibres, into the curable material, for example by including fibres within the body of the curable material during manufacture, or by applying the fibres, for example as a discrete layer, during application of the curable material to the housing.
  • the fibrous material advantageously is in the form of a braid, such as a polyester braid, but may be a weave or a knit.
  • the fibrous material should be electrically insu­lating and non-tracking, and have good mechanical strength, and in particular should have high strength and low elonga­tion.
  • the curable material comprises a compound of a polymeric material, an acrylate or methacrylate monomer, oligomer or prepolymer or a mixture thereof, and a photoini­tiator that is responsive to ultra-violet radiation.
  • the polymeric material is selected from polyacrylate homo or co-polymer, polymethacrylate homo or co-polymer, for example Plexigum P-24 (from Roehm) or Elvacite 2044 (from Du Pont), ethylene-vinylacetate co-­polymer, preferably with a vinyl acetate content above about 45% by weight of the total weight of the composition, for example Escorene MP02020, chlorinated polyethylene, for example Bayer CM 3614, chlorosulphonated polyethylene, for example Hypalon 20 (from Du Pont), and ethylene-­methylacrylate-organic acid terpolymer, for example Vamac N 123 (from Du Pont).
  • polyacrylate homo or co-polymer for example Plexigum P-24 (from Roehm) or Elvacite 2044 (from Du Pont
  • ethylene-vinylacetate co-­polymer preferably with a vinyl acetate content above about 45% by weight of the total weight of the composition
  • the acrylate or methacrylate monomer, oligomer or prepo­lymer is preferably bi-functional, with a chain length of at least 6 carbon or carbon and oxygen atoms, for example Chemlink 2000 (from ARCO chemical). Combinations of bifunc­tional and monofunctional acrylates may be used if the cured material is required to have enhanced flexibility.
  • the material is chosen to counteract the inherent inflexibility of the chosen polymeric material, so that the required degree of flexibility and lack of brittleness is achieved in the curable state of the material.
  • the polymeric material is required to dissolve in the acrylate or methylacrylate material, and for this the polymer preferably is in powdered form.
  • Polymeric material that is conventionally available only in pellet form may be ground, for example using a cryogenic grinder, to a powder of suitable particle size, for example between 100 microns and 800 microns.
  • the preferred curable material also comprises a pho­toinitiator that is responsive to ultra-violet radiation, preferably a hydroxy-alkylbenzophenone material, for example Darocur 953 (from E Merck).
  • a pho­toinitiator that is responsive to ultra-violet radiation
  • a hydroxy-alkylbenzophenone material for example Darocur 953 (from E Merck).
  • Other suitable photoinitiators are benzoin ethers, alkylphenones, benzophenones, xanthones, thioxanthones, and their derivatives.
  • the curable material may also comprise a plasticiser for enhancing processing of the material and providing desired characteristics.
  • the plasticiser is a reactive material that can be built into the matrix of the polymeric material.
  • a suitable material is an acrylated epoxidised soybean oil such as Photomer 3005 (available from Diamond Shamrock).
  • the curable material may also contain other additives in minor amounts, usually less than 10% by weight of the total weight of the composition, of antioxidents, stabilizers and fillers for example.
  • the polymeric material comprises between 30% and 70%, the acrylate or methacrylate between 10% and 40%, the photoinitiator between 1% and 5%, and the plasticiser between 0% and 20%, by weight of the total weight of the curable composition.
  • the components are advantageously mixed together under vacuum, thus avoiding the inclusion of air bubbles that would otherwise be detrimental to use of the material to encapsulate high voltage electrical components.
  • the resulting liquid material may then be poured into a mould, such as a horizontal tray, protected by release paper, to a depth dependent on the required sheet thickness. If desired, fibrous material may be added at this stage.
  • the material is then left, protected from ultra-violet radiation to undergo a large viscosity change to a gel-like consistency, having a viscosity at 80°C greater than about 1.5 x 103Pa-sec, the viscosity at room temperature being too high to be conveniently measured.
  • the gelling time depends, for example, on the compatibility between the polymeric material and acrylate or methacrylate monomer, oligomer or prepolymer, and on the particle size (that is to say surface area) of the polymeric material, and can vary from a few minutes to several hours.
  • the resulting material is a flexible sheet that in its uncured state has form-stability, that is to say, will retain its configuration over a substantially indefinite length of time.
  • the material is chosen such that the time it needs to gel is sufficient for the initially flowable liquid to adopt a smooth upper sur­face, the lower surface of the sheet being smoothed by con­formity with the bottom of the tray-mould.
  • the uncured, gel-like material advantageously is stretchable, and preferably elastic, for ensuring proper conformity with the substrate.
  • the material should adhere and preferably seal to the substrate material, especially porcelain.
  • the material On curing, within a time period of a few minutes, the material becomes a thermoset, but advantageously retains some flexibility.
  • the housing for example of refractory material, such as porcelain, has a shedded outer surface, that is to say a surface that longitudinally comprises one or more projections that extend laterally, for example radially, away from a central core of the housing, for the purpose of shedding, or directing, any water or other liquid contaminant away from the housing when operated in contaminated environmental conditions.
  • the outer surface may be convoluted for example of a sine-wave configuration, whilst the inner sur­face is cylindrical, or otherwise smooth.
  • the housing will be of generally cylindrical configuration and the sheds or convolutions extending generally circularly therearound. It will be appreciated that in such con­figurations the relatively thinner wall portions between the sheds or in the troughs of the convolutions comprise relatively weaker regions of the housing.
  • the refractory housing is of hollow tubular configuration, having substan­tially homogeneous strength.
  • the restraining material when cured preferably is electrically insulating and advantageously is substantially non-tracking.
  • non-tracking is meant that the material passes the ASTM D2303 inclined plane test, such that it has good resistance to the formation of carbonaceous paths along its surface.
  • the present invention also provides an electrical com­ponent, such as a surge arrestor, bushing, insulator or cable termination, comprising a housing as herein described.
  • the surge arrestor comprises a generally cylindrical hollow porcelain housing 2 that has integral circular sheds 4 extending radially therefrom.
  • the housing 2 contains a plurality of blocks 6 of non-linear resistive material that act as voltage dividers to affect arresting of electrical surges between the ends (not shown) of the surge arrestor.
  • a tape 8 of material that is curable by ultra violet radiation is tightly wound around the housing 2 between each pair of sheds 4, that is to say, in regions where the housing wall is relatively thin. It may, however, in some instances not be desirable or necessary to apply the tape 8 to each of the weaker regions.
  • the tape 8 comprises 64 parts by weight of Plexigum P.24, a polybutylmethacrylate - methylmethacrylate powdered copolymer, 24 parts by weight of Chemlink 2000, a bifunc­tional long chain acrylate oligomer, 11 parts by weight of Photomer 3005, an acrylated epoxidised soybean oil plasti­ciser, and 1 part by weight of the photoinitiator Darocur 953, and was mixed under vacuum to dissolve the copolymer in the oligomer. The mixed composition was then poured into a metal tray, to a depth of 3 mm, a braid 10 of polyester fibre embedded therein, covered with a release paper to pro­tect it from sunlight, and left for 12 hours. During this time, the material became converted from a liquid to a form-­stable sheet of elastically stretchable gel having a slightly tacky surface, and being optically transparent.
  • the output from an ultra-violet lamp having its peak intensity within the range 320 nanometers to 400 nano­meters is then directed substantially evenly on to the tapes 8 for a period of 4 minutes to cure the material.
  • This causes the tape to become a tough thermoset, hardening whilst still being slightly flexible. On curing a slight shrinkage of the material takes place, thus enhancing its securement on to the housing 2.
  • the surge arrestor comprises a generally cylindrical hollow porcelain housing 20 having smooth inner and outer surfaces, and contains surge arresting elements (not shown) and suitable metal end fit­tings (not shown).
  • Three portions of the tape 8 of material decribed above are wound circumferentially around the housing 20 at longi­tudinally spaced-apart regions to provide local reinfor­cement, and to retain the integrity of the housing 20 should excess pressure in operation cause it to crack.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Insulators (AREA)
  • Insulating Bodies (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Casings For Electric Apparatus (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)

Claims (13)

1. Hohles zerbrechliches Gehäuse (2; 20), das so angeord­net ist, daß es ein elektrisches Bauelement enthält oder einen Teil davon bildet, wobei das Gehäuse (2; 20) wenigstens einen relativ schwachen Bereich und wenig­stens einen relativ starken Bereich (4) hat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß gehärtetes elektrisch isolierendes Begrenzungsmaterial (8) nur auf einer Außenfläche des Gehäuses (2; 20) und nur an dem genannten wenigstens einen schwachen Bereich angeordnet ist, um dadurch ex­plosives Bersten des Gehäuses (2; 20) an diesem Be­reich aufgrund eines ungünstigen Betriebs des elektri­schen Bauelements zu begrenzen.
2. Gehäuse nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Material ein Ma­terial (8) umfaßt, das dadurch härtbar ist, daß es UV- Strahlung oder Feuchtigkeit ausgesetzt wird oder daß es ein härtbares Zweikomponentensystem umfaßt.
3. Gehäuse nach Anspruch 1 und 2, wobei das Material ein Band oder einen Flächenkörper (8) umfaßt, der um das Gehäuse gewickelt ist.
4. Gehäuse nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei in das Begrenzungsmittel Fasermaterial (10) eingebettet ist.
5. Gehäuse nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Material (8) eine Verbindung aus einem Polymerma­terial, einem Acrylat- oder Methacrylatmonomer oder -oligomer oder -prepolymer oder ein Gemisch davon und einen auf UV-Strahlung ansprechenden Fotoinitiator um­faßt.
6. Gehäuse nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, umfas­send Feuerfestmaterial (2; 20), bevorzugt Porzellan.
7. Gehäuse nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das gehärtete Material (8) im wesentlichen kriechstrom­fest ist.
8. Gehäuse nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche mit einer Vielzahl von beabstandeten relativ schwachen Be­reichen, auf denen jeweils das gehärtete Material (8) angeordnet ist.
9. Gehäuse nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche mit einer Außenfläche mit Glocken- (4) oder Faltenkonfi­guration ist.
10. Elektrisches Bauelement wie beispielsweise ein Über­spannungsableiter, eine Buchse, ein Isolator oder ein Kabelendverschluß, umfassend ein Gehäuse nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche.
11. Verfahren zum Verstärken eines hohlen zerbrechlichen Gehäuses (2; 20), das so angeordnet ist, daß es ein elektrisches Bauelement enthält oder einen Teil davon bildet, wobei das Gehäuse (2; 20) wenigstens einen re­lativ schwachen Bereich und wenigstens einen relativ starken Bereich (4) hat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß gehärtetes oder härtbares elektisch isolierendes Be­grenzungsmaterial (8) nur auf eine Außenfläche des Ge­häuses (2; 20) und nur an dem genannten wenigstens einen schwachen Bereich aufgebracht wird, um dadurch explosives Bersten des Gehäuses (2; 20) an dem Bereich aufgrund eines ungünstigen Betriebs des elektrischen Bauelements zu begrenzen, und daß, wenn das Material härtbar ist, sein Härten durchgeführt oder zugelassen wird.
12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, wobei das Gehäuse eine Vielzahl von beabstandeten relativ schwachen Bereichen hat und wobei auf jeden dieser Bereiche gehärtetes oder härtbares Material (8) aufgebracht wird.
13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, umfassend folgenden Schritt: Aufbringen von UV-Strahlung auf das Begren­zungsmittel, um sein Härten zu bewirken.
EP86308713A 1985-11-08 1986-11-07 Brechbares Gehäuse für elektrisches Bauelement Expired - Lifetime EP0229464B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86308713T ATE60460T1 (de) 1985-11-08 1986-11-07 Brechbares gehaeuse fuer elektrisches bauelement.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8527547 1985-11-08
GB858527547A GB8527547D0 (en) 1985-11-08 1985-11-08 Frangible housing

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0229464A1 EP0229464A1 (de) 1987-07-22
EP0229464B1 true EP0229464B1 (de) 1991-01-23

Family

ID=10587917

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86308713A Expired - Lifetime EP0229464B1 (de) 1985-11-08 1986-11-07 Brechbares Gehäuse für elektrisches Bauelement

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0229464B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS62113310A (de)
AT (1) ATE60460T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3677174D1 (de)
GB (1) GB8527547D0 (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5519564A (en) * 1994-07-08 1996-05-21 Lightning Eliminators Parallel MOV surge arrester
US5583734A (en) * 1994-11-10 1996-12-10 Raychem Corporation Surge arrester with overvoltage sensitive grounding switch
US5808850A (en) * 1996-05-23 1998-09-15 Lightning Eliminators & Consultants, Inc. MOV surge arrester
US5936824A (en) * 1997-08-13 1999-08-10 Lightning Eliminators And Consultants Encapsulated MOV surge arrester for with standing over 100,000 amps of surge per doc
CN106222603A (zh) * 2016-08-26 2016-12-14 桐乡市恒泰精密机械有限公司 汽车空调压缩机曲轴的表面渗碳处理方法
EP3579251B1 (de) * 2018-06-05 2026-05-06 Hitachi Energy Ltd Splitterschutz

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB376984A (en) * 1930-08-23 1932-07-21 Gen Electric Improvements in or relating to electric insulators
CH616265A5 (en) * 1977-01-28 1980-03-14 Gould Inc Compressed-gas-insulated high-voltage bushing
US4282557A (en) * 1979-10-29 1981-08-04 General Electric Company Surge voltage arrester housing having a fragible section
GB8333249D0 (en) * 1983-12-13 1984-01-18 Raychem Ltd Electrically insulating articles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3677174D1 (de) 1991-02-28
ATE60460T1 (de) 1991-02-15
EP0229464A1 (de) 1987-07-22
GB8527547D0 (en) 1985-12-11
JPS62113310A (ja) 1987-05-25

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