EP0243960B1 - Vorrichtung zur Vektorregelung für einen Induktionsmotor - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur Vektorregelung für einen Induktionsmotor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0243960B1 EP0243960B1 EP87106267A EP87106267A EP0243960B1 EP 0243960 B1 EP0243960 B1 EP 0243960B1 EP 87106267 A EP87106267 A EP 87106267A EP 87106267 A EP87106267 A EP 87106267A EP 0243960 B1 EP0243960 B1 EP 0243960B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- torque
- speed
- rotation speed
- induction motor
- command
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 title claims description 49
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 title claims description 33
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 61
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/06—Rotor flux based control involving the use of rotor position or rotor speed sensors
- H02P21/08—Indirect field-oriented control; Rotor flux feed-forward control
- H02P21/09—Field phase angle calculation based on rotor voltage equation by adding slip frequency and speed proportional frequency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vector control apparatus for an induction motor and, more particularly, to a vector control apparatus for an induction motor wherein rotational smoothness of the motor at a low rotation speed with a small torque can be greatly improved and a loss of the motor with a large torque can be greatly reduced.
- variable frequency power source having a wide variable frequency range can be obtained to drive an induction motor.
- the field of applications of the induction motors is changing from constant speed motors to servo motors.
- the variable frequency power source is operated according to vector control.
- the secondary flux ⁇ 2 is a predetermined value in vector control.
- Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional vector control system shown in "New Drive Electronics", Naohiko Kamiyama, P, 205. In other words, Fig. 1 shows a basic arrangement of conventional "slip frequency type vector control".
- reference numeral 1 denotes a speed control amplifier for generating a torque T; 2, a divider; 3, a constant setter for outputting the torque current i 1q ; 4, a vector analyzer; 5, a multiplier; 6, a converter; 7, a current amplifier; 8, a power converter; 9, an induction motor; 11, a speed detector; 12, a differentiator; 13, 14, 15, and 16, constant setters for generating the exciting current i0; 17, a divider for generating the slip speed ⁇ s ; 18, a vector oscillator; and 20, an adder.
- the torque can be controlled in accordance with an instantaneous current. Please refer to PP. 205 - 206 in the above reference for the operation of the circuit shown in Fig. 1.
- an expected value ⁇ E of the secondary flux ⁇ 2 is generally constant within the entire rotation speed range and the entire torque range (this is called as constant torque characteristics, so that an output from the induction motor is increased in proportion to the motor rotation speed), as shown in Fig. 2.
- the secondary flux ⁇ 2 is kept constant at a rotation speed below a predetermined rotation speed ⁇ r11 , as shown in Fig. 3. However, at a rotation speed exceeding the predetermined rotation speed ⁇ r11 , the secondary flux ⁇ 2 is in inverse proportion to the rotation speed ⁇ r (i.e., constant output characteristics). In this case, the secondary flux ⁇ 2 is a function of the rotation speed ⁇ r .
- the servo motor must satisfy the following requirements: (1) smooth rotation, i.e., a small variation in rotation speed is required in mainly a low-speed range in order to achieve high-precision control, for example, in table feed finish machining in a machine tool; and (2) a heat loss must be minimized and a torque must be maximized in a high-output operation in, e.g., table feed coarse machining in the machine tool.
- EP-A1-75023 a method of controlling an AC motor and device thereof is described.
- the exciting current I0 of an AC motor is kept constant, and the primary current I1 is changed in response to the velocity difference ⁇ n so as to control the AC motor.
- a memory device (18) previously stores the torque-to-slip frequency ⁇ s as characteristics, based on the secondary leakage reactance, and characteristics of the slip frequency ⁇ s -to-primary current vectors I1, ⁇ 1.
- the torque command T obtained from the velocity difference ⁇ n, with the slip frequency ⁇ s and the primary current vectors I1, ⁇ 1, are read out and then 3-phase current, IU, IV, IW are delivered.
- This method and device suppresses torque irregularities and improves response.
- a vector control apparatus comprises: means for outputting a torque command; means for outputting a secondary flux command; means for calculating a current command value of each phase of an induction motor on the basis of the torque command and the secondary flux command; and means for supplying a current represented by the current command value to the induction motor;
- the secondary flux command output means comprising memory means for storing a function representing a predetermined relationship between a rotation speed, a torque, and a secondary flux of the induction motor, and for outputting the secondary flux corresponding to rotation speed data and torque data, and means for supplying at least the data corresponding to one of the torque command T and the actual speed ⁇ r to the memory means, and
- said predetermined relation between ⁇ r T, and ⁇ 2 being determined such that when T is large, the secondary magnetic flux ⁇ 2 is increased within a range where the ratio of the motor loss L to T (T/L) can reach a maximum value, in such a way as to minimize a slip speed ⁇ s , and when T is small and the actual speed is less than a predetermined value, the secondary magnetic flux ⁇ 2 is reduced in such a way as to reduce ripple of said actual speed ⁇ s , and to increase said slip speed ⁇ s , within an allowable range of the loss L.
- the core loss is regarded to increase in proportion to the 1.6 to second power of the flux density (which is proportional to the exciting current if a relatively small hysteresis loss is neglected) and to the square (second power) of a primary frequency ⁇ 1 of power applied to the induction motor.
- the core loss is assumed to increase in proportion to the square of the flux density or the exciting current.
- the mechanical loss is generated by other causes and will not be described herein.
- the main components of the loss L can be represented as follows: In equation (5), the first and second terms correspond to the copper loss, and the third term corresponds to the core loss. L
- Equation (7) can be rewritten as follows:
- a relationship between a speed variation ⁇ r and a harmonic component ⁇ T of the torque T is calculated.
- the speed variation ⁇ r is calculated by the equation of motion of the rotor of the induction motor as follows:
- ⁇ T/Jmp in equation (15) is a contant
- 1/( ⁇ r + k2 ⁇ s ) is a variable.
- the speed variation ⁇ r can be reduced by increasing k. That is, if the value of the rotation speed ⁇ r is small, the speed variation ⁇ r can be reduced by increasing the slip speed ⁇ s .
- the "torque T a constant curve" in the i0-i 1q coordinate system is a hyperbola as shown with, for example, T1 and T2 in Fig. 4.
- An allowable heat loss of the induction motor is predetermined.
- the upper limit of the slip speed ⁇ s as a function of the allowable loss L is determined.
- upper limits of slip speeds ⁇ s for the torques T1 and T2 at the allowable loss L1 are calculated.
- upper limit values ⁇ s1 of the slip speeds ⁇ s for the torques T1 and T2 at the allowable loss L1 are ⁇ sA and ⁇ sB , respectively.
- k02 is the maximum value. That is, if k02 is increased, the loss exceeds the allowable heat loss. In other words, when the slip speed ⁇ s is increased, the loss is increased.
- the slip speed ⁇ s is given as a function of the torque T as in equation (3), the slip speed ⁇ s is larger than the rotation speed ⁇ r at a low speed with a large torque T. If the k0 is larger then 1, k02 ⁇ s is larger than ⁇ r . For this reason, when ⁇ r shown in equation (15) is small, the speed variation ⁇ r falls within a sufficiently narrow range.
- the induction motor as the servo motor has a structure for inhibiting electromagnetic saturation even if a large torque for acceleration or deceleration is required. Therefore, the induction motor is regarded to have a structure wherein the motor is not electromagnetically saturated even if an exciting or torque current is partially increased or decreased.
- the loss L can be minimized.
- the speed variation ⁇ r can be reduced.
- the present invention is based on the principle described above.
- Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a vector control apparatus for an induction motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the same,reference numerals as in Fig. 1 denote the same parts in Fig. 5, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- a signal representing the rotation speed ⁇ r from a speed sensor 11 is input to a speed control amplifier 1.
- This signal is A/D-converted by an A/D converter 21.
- the output terminal of the A/D converter 21 is connected to an input terminal 22A of a memory 22.
- the output terminal of the speed control amplifier 1 is connected to an intput terminal 22B of the memory 22 through an A/D converter 19.
- An output terminal 22C of the memory 22 is connected to a divider 2, a differentiator 12, a constant setter 15, and a divider 17 through a D/A converter 23.
- the parts comprising the converters 19, 21, and 23, and the memory 22 are external elements added to the conventional vector control system (Fig. 1) and are referred to as a "memory system". As illustrated in the embodiment of Fig. 10 and 11, there can be a case where either of the converters 19 and 20 is not used, but the memory means is always used.
- the data which are used or registered in this memory means show the relationship between inputs (torque T and speed ⁇ r ) and outputs (secondary magnetic flux ⁇ 2) is called the "magnetic flux ⁇ 2 relation" as referred to in the following.
- the signal representing the rotation speed ⁇ r is input to the memory 22 through the A/D converter 21.
- a signal representing the torque T from the speed control amplifier 1 is input to the memory 22 through the A/D converter 19.
- Three-dimensional plane data representing the relationship between the rotation speed ⁇ r , the torque T, and the secondary flux ⁇ 2 is stored in the memory 22.
- Fig, 6 shows an example of data stored in the memory 22.
- the secondary flux ⁇ 2 has a maximum value in the range between ⁇ r0 and ⁇ r2 , as indicated by a curve ⁇ 22.
- the torque T and the rotation speed ⁇ r are input as address signals to the memory 22 from the input terminals 22B and 22A, respectively.
- the secondary fluxes ⁇ 2 (e.g., ⁇ 21 and ⁇ 22) are solely output from the memory 22.
- the data value of the secondary flux ⁇ 2 is determined to cause the loss L to fall within the allowable range.
- the secondary flux ⁇ 2 is used together with the torque T and the rotation speed ⁇ r to calculate slip speed ⁇ s , the exciting current i0, and the torque current i 1q according to equations (1), (2), and (3) which maintain the relations in vector control.
- Data stored in the memory 22 is not limited to the one shown in Fig. 6. Data shown in Figs. 7, 8, and 9 may be stored in place of the data shown in Fig. 6. Arrows in fig. 7, 8, and 9 show directions of increases in torque T.
- the data shown in Fig, 7 is used in a case wherein both the induction motor and the power source have sufficient margins and a large torque is required even at a high speed.
- the data shown in Fig. 8 is used in a case wherein the induction motor has a sufficient margin but a large torque is required at intermediate and low speeds.
- the data shown in Fig. 9 is used in a case wherein neither the induction motor nor the power source have margins and a large torque is required at a low speed.
- equation (3) yields equations (1) and (3) as a function of i0. Therefore, it is apparent that the secondary flux ⁇ 2 need not be used.
- the exciting current i0 having one-to-one correspondence with the secondary flux ⁇ 2 is determined by the torque T and the rotation speed ⁇ r .
- the torque current i 1q and the slip speed ⁇ s are calculated to obtain the same result as described above.
- a technique without using the secondary flux ⁇ 2 can be obtained.
- Fig. 10 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention.
- the same reference numerals as in Fig. 5 denote the same parts in Fig. 10, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- a speed control amplifier 1 data representing rotation speed ⁇ r is input to a speed control amplifier 1.
- the output terminal of the speed control amplifier 1 is connected to an input terminal 22B of a memory 22 through an A/D converter 19.
- An output terminal 22C of the memory 22 is connected to a divider 2, a differentiator 12, a constant setter 15, and a divider 17 through a D/A converter 23.
- the data of rotation speed ⁇ r is input to the speed control amplifier 1.
- Data of the torque T as an output from the speed control amplifier 1 is input to the memory 22 through the A/D converter 19.
- the data shown in Fig. 6 is prestored in the memory 22. Even if the torque T is large, the second flux ⁇ 2 is set to be large ( ⁇ 22) at a low speed. The secondary flux ⁇ 22 is changed by only the signal of the torque T. The shape of the curve ( ⁇ 22) is not changed. In other words, the curve in a region below ⁇ r1 cannot be changed as in ⁇ 21.
- the secondary flux ⁇ 2 is determined so that the loss L falls within the tolerance.
- the torque T and the rotation speed ⁇ r are used to obtain a slip speed ⁇ s , an exciting current i0 , and a torque current i 1q , all of which maintain the relations of vector control.
- Fig. 11 shows still another embodiment of the present invention.
- the same reference numerals as in Fig. 5 denote the same parts in Fig. 11, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- data of rotation speed ⁇ r is inputted to an input terminal 22A of a memory 22 through an A/D converter 21.
- An output terminal 22C of the memory 22 is connected to a divider 2, a differentiator 12, a constant setter 15, and a divider 17 through a D/A converter 23.
- a DIP (Dual Inline Package) switch 24 is connected to an input terminal 22B of the memory 22. Data of a desired torque T can be externally entered by properly setting the DIP switch 24.
- the memory 22 prestores secondary fluxes ⁇ 2 corresponding to values of the rotation speed ⁇ r and the values of the torque T.
- the data shown in Fig. 6 where the value of the torque T is predetermined is stored in the memory 22.
- the corresponding secondary flux ⁇ 2 can be solely output from the memory 22.
- the data to be stored in the memory 22 may be ones shown in Figs. 7, 8, and 9.
- the relation stored in the memory 22 is determined so as to satisfy the following two points:
- the loss L is increased within the tolerance, and the slip speed ⁇ s is increased.
- the slip speed ⁇ s is determined such that the torque T and the rotation speed ⁇ r are designated to obtain the corresponding secondary flux ⁇ 2 and that the torque T and the secondary flux ⁇ 2 are used to calculate the slip speed ⁇ s , the exciting current i0 , and the torque current i 1q so as to maintain the vector control relations (i.e., to establish equations (1), (2), and (3)).
- the slip speed ⁇ s is determined to minimize the loss L.
- the secondary flux ⁇ 2 is determined by the torque T and the rotation speed ⁇ r .
- the slip speed ⁇ s can be greatly reduced. Therefore, the loss L can be minimized at a constant torque T.
- the conventional loss characteristic curve is an elliptical curve as indicated by symbol L1 .
- the corresponding torque T1 is represented by the alternate long and short dashed line.
- the operating point of the induction motor is represented by symbol P .
- the operating point P can be shifted to Pm by controlling the slip speed ⁇ s thereby reducing the loss as indicated by symbol L2.
- a means for realizing the present invention can be implemented by adding relatively inexpensive memory elements and the like.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
Claims (12)
einer Einrichtung (1) zum Ausgeben eines Drehmomentbefehls (T),
einer Einrichtung zum Ausgeben eines Sekundärflußbefehls φ₂,
einer Einrichtung zum Berechnen eines Strombefehlwerts für jede Phase eines Induktionsmotors auf der Basis des Drehmomentbefehls T und des Sekundärflußbefehls φ₂, und
einer Einrichtung zum Liefern eines Stroms, der durch den Strombefehlswert repräsentiert wird, an den Induktionsmotor (9), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Sekundärflußbefehl-Ausgabeeinrichtung eine Speichereinrichtung (22) zum Speichern einer Funktion, die eine bestimmte Beziehung zwischen einer Drehgeschwindigkeit ωr, einem Drehmoment T und einem Sekundärfluß φ₂ des Induktionsmotors (9) repräsentiert, und zum Ausgeben des Sekundärflusses φ₂ entsprechend den Drehgeschwindigkeitsdaten und Drehmomentdaten, und eine Einrichtung (19; 21) aufweist zum Liefern mindestens der Daten entsprechend einem dem Drehmomentbefehl T und der momentanen Geschwindigkeit ωr an die Speichereinrichtung (22), und
wobei die bestimmte Beziehung zwischen ωr, T und φ₂ so bestimmt wird, daß, wenn T groß ist, der sekundäre magnetische Fluß φ₂ in solcher Weise vergrößert wird, innerhalb eines Bereiches, in dem das Verhältnis der Motorverluste L zu T (T/L) einen Maximalwert erreichen kann, das eine Schlupfgeschwindigkeit ωs klein ist, und wenn T klein ist und die Momentangeschwindigkeit kleiner als ein bestimmter Wert ist, der sekundäre magnetische Fluß φ₂ in solcher Weise verringert wird, daß die Welligkeit der momentanen Geschwindigkeit ωr verringert wird und die Schlupfgeschwindigkeit ωs vergrößert wird, innerhalb eines erlaubten Bereiches der Verluste L.
eine Einrichtung (11) zum Detektieren der Drehgeschwindigkeit des Induktionsmotors (9),
eine erste Einrichtung (21) zum Liefern der digitalisierten Drehgeschwindigkeitsdaten an die Speichereinrichtung (22), und
eine zweite Einrichtung (19) zum Liefern der digitalisierten Drehmomentdaten an die Speichereinrichtung (22).
eine Einrichtung (11) zum Detektieren der Drehgeschwindigkeit des Induktionsmotors (9),
eine Einrichtung (21) zum Liefern der digitalisierten Drehgeschwindigkeitsdaten an die Speichereinrichtung (22), und
eine DIP-Schaltereinrichtung (24) zum Liefern des Drehmomentbefehls an die Speichereinrichtung (22).
wodurch, wenn das befohlene Drehmoment T verringert wird, die Schlupfgeschwindigkeit ωs vergrößert wird und wenn das befohlene Drehmoment T vergrößert wird, die Schlupfgeschwindigkeit ωs verringert wird, so daß, wenn das befohlene Drehmoment T klein ist, Veränderungen der Drehgeschwindigkeit ωr des Induktionsmotors (9) verringert werden und daß, wenn das befohlene Drehmoment T groß ist, Verluste des Induktionsmotors (9) verringert sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61102666A JPS62260579A (ja) | 1986-05-02 | 1986-05-02 | インダクシヨンモ−タのベクトル制御装置 |
| JP61102667A JPS62260580A (ja) | 1986-05-02 | 1986-05-02 | インダクシヨンモ−タのベクトル制御装置 |
| JP102668/86 | 1986-05-02 | ||
| JP61102668A JPS62260581A (ja) | 1986-05-02 | 1986-05-02 | インダクシヨンモ−タのベクトル制御装置 |
| JP102667/86 | 1986-05-02 | ||
| JP102666/86 | 1986-05-02 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0243960A1 EP0243960A1 (de) | 1987-11-04 |
| EP0243960B1 true EP0243960B1 (de) | 1991-11-13 |
Family
ID=27309763
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP87106267A Expired - Lifetime EP0243960B1 (de) | 1986-05-02 | 1987-04-29 | Vorrichtung zur Vektorregelung für einen Induktionsmotor |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0243960B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1006351B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE3774476D1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3262709B2 (ja) * | 1996-04-25 | 2002-03-04 | 三菱電機株式会社 | モータのベクトル制御方法およびベクトル制御インバータ装置 |
| DE19828353A1 (de) * | 1998-06-25 | 1999-12-30 | Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen | Verfahren zur Regelung einer elektrischen Maschine |
| RU2169426C1 (ru) * | 1999-10-05 | 2001-06-20 | Воронежский государственный технический университет | Устройство для управления асинхронным электроприводом |
| US6605919B1 (en) * | 1999-12-13 | 2003-08-12 | A.O. Smith Corporation | Method and apparatus for indirectly measuring induction motor slip to establish speed control |
| CA2327579C (en) * | 1999-12-13 | 2008-07-29 | A.O. Smith Corporation | Method and apparatus of improving the efficiency of an induction motor |
| KR101209965B1 (ko) * | 2010-12-30 | 2012-12-07 | 엘에스산전 주식회사 | 전기자동차의 유도 전동기의 토크 제어 시스템 및 그 방법 |
| CN102510260B (zh) * | 2011-11-17 | 2014-03-12 | 华中科技大学 | 一种考虑铁耗的感应电机矢量控制方法 |
| EP3462600A1 (de) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-04-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Energieeffiziente asynchronmaschine |
| EP3787179B1 (de) * | 2019-08-28 | 2022-06-08 | Schneider Toshiba Inverter Europe SAS | Steuerung eines leistungsteils eines drehzahlvariablen antriebs basierend auf vorbestimmten flussniveaus |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4456868A (en) * | 1981-03-31 | 1984-06-26 | Fanuc Limited | Method and apparatus for controlling AC motors |
| JPS5879489A (ja) * | 1981-11-04 | 1983-05-13 | Fanuc Ltd | Acモ−タ制御方式 |
| JPS58119792A (ja) * | 1982-01-11 | 1983-07-16 | Hitachi Ltd | 誘導電動機の制御方法 |
| WO1983003929A1 (fr) * | 1982-04-22 | 1983-11-10 | Fujitsu Fanuc Limited | Dispositif d'entrainement d'un moteur a induction |
| US4418308A (en) * | 1982-08-09 | 1983-11-29 | General Electric Company | Scalar decoupled control for an induction machine |
-
1987
- 1987-04-29 EP EP87106267A patent/EP0243960B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-04-29 DE DE8787106267T patent/DE3774476D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-05-02 CN CN87103875A patent/CN1006351B/zh not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0243960A1 (de) | 1987-11-04 |
| CN1006351B (zh) | 1990-01-03 |
| CN87103875A (zh) | 1987-11-25 |
| DE3774476D1 (de) | 1991-12-19 |
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