EP0247706B1 - Composition de combustible et concentrés d'additifs et leurs utilisations pour inhiber la formation de dépôts dans un moteur - Google Patents

Composition de combustible et concentrés d'additifs et leurs utilisations pour inhiber la formation de dépôts dans un moteur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0247706B1
EP0247706B1 EP87201460A EP87201460A EP0247706B1 EP 0247706 B1 EP0247706 B1 EP 0247706B1 EP 87201460 A EP87201460 A EP 87201460A EP 87201460 A EP87201460 A EP 87201460A EP 0247706 B1 EP0247706 B1 EP 0247706B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coking
combination
fuel
hydrocarbyl amine
compression ignition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP87201460A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0247706A3 (en
EP0247706A2 (fr
Inventor
John Vincent Hanlon
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Ethyl Corp
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Ethyl Corp
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Priority claimed from US06/567,090 external-priority patent/US4482357A/en
Priority claimed from US06/567,089 external-priority patent/US4482356A/en
Priority claimed from US06/567,071 external-priority patent/US4482355A/en
Application filed by Ethyl Corp filed Critical Ethyl Corp
Priority to AT87201460T priority Critical patent/ATE44042T1/de
Publication of EP0247706A2 publication Critical patent/EP0247706A2/fr
Publication of EP0247706A3 publication Critical patent/EP0247706A3/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/228—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen double bond, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones, imines; containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen triple bond, e.g. nitriles
    • C10L1/2283—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen double bond, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones, imines; containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen triple bond, e.g. nitriles containing one or more carbon to nitrogen double bonds, e.g. guanidine, hydrazone, semi-carbazone, azomethine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
    • C10L1/231—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • the invention relates to compression ignition fuel compositions and additive mixtures of organic nitrate ignition accelerator, hydrocarbyl amine and N,N'-disalicylidene-1,2-diaminopropane, ir. amojnts sufficient to resist the coking tendencies of compression ignition fuel compositions when used in the operation of Indirect injection diesel engines.
  • Throttling diesel nozzles have recently come into widespread use in indirect injection automotive and light-duty diesel truck engines, i.e., compression ignition engines in which the fuel is injected into and ignited in a prechamber or swirl chamber. In this way, the flame front proceeds from the prechamber into the larger compression chamber where the combustion is completed. Engines designed in this manner allow for quieter and smoother operation.
  • the Figure of the Drawing illustrates the geometry of the typical throttling diesel nozzle (often refered to as the "pintle nozzle").
  • This invention provides distillate fuel for indirect injection compression ignition engines containing a combination of (a) organic nitrate ignition accelerator, (b) hydrocarbyl amine having from 3 to 60 carbons and from 1 to 10 nitrogens and (c; N,N-disalicylidene-1,2-diaminopropane, the combination being present in an amount sufficient to suppress and preferably to minimize coking, especially throttling nozzle coking, in the prechambers or swirl chambers of indirect injection compression ignition engines operated on such fuel.
  • additive fluid concentrate for use in distillate fuels and which contains a combination as defined above.
  • a still further embodiment of the present invention is a method of inhibiting coking. especially throttling nozzle coking, in the prechambers or swirl chambers of an indirect injection compression ignition engine, which comprises supplying said engine with a distillate fuel containing a combination as defined above, said combination being present in an amount sufficient to suppress and preferably to minimize such coking in an engine operated on such fuel.
  • a feature of this invention is that the combination of additives utilized in its practice is capable of suppressing coking tendencies of fuels used to operate indirect injection compression ignition engines. Such behavior was exhibited in a series of standard engine dynamometer tests conducted as described in the Example hereinafter.
  • nitrate ignition accelerators component (a)
  • Preferred nitrate esters are the aliphatic or cycloaliphatic nitrates in which the aliphatic or cycloaliphatic group is saturated, contains up to about 12 carbons and, optionally, may be substituted with one or more oxygen atoms.
  • Typical organic nitrates that may be used are methyl nitrate, ethyl nitrate, propyl nitrate, isopropyl nitrate, allyl nitrate, butyl nitrate, isobutyl nitrate, sec-butyl nitrate, tert-butyl nitrate, amyl nitrate, isoamyl nitrate, 2-amyl nitrate, 3-amyl nitrate, hexyl nitrate, heptyl nitrate, 2-heptyl nitrate, octyl nitrate, isooctyl nitrate, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, nonyl nitrate, decyl nitrate, undecyl nitrate, dodecyl nitrate, cyclopentyl nitrate, cyclohexyl
  • the nitrate ignition accelerator--component (a)-- should be present in an amount of at least 100 to 1000 PTB (pounds per thousand barrels) - 0.2859 to 2.859 grams per liter - of the base fuel.
  • the concentration of the ignition accelerator is 400 to 600 PTB (1.1436 to 1.7154 grams per liter).
  • hydrocarbyl amines (b) may be used in the fuel compositions of this invention, a pn- mary aliphatic amine, the aliphatic group of which is tertiary, e.g., an amine of the formula:
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,909,215 gives a description of the various hydrocarbyl amines having from 3 to 60 carbons and from 1 to 10 nitrogens which may be employed in the fuels of this invention.
  • a few additional examples of desirable amines include 2,6-di-tert-butyl- ⁇ -dimethylamino-p-cresol, N-cyclohexyl-N,N-dimethylamine, and N-alkyl-N,N-dimethylamines in which the alkyl group is one or a combination of alkyl groups preferably having 8 to 18 or more carbon atoms.
  • Primene 81 R A particulariy preferred hydrocarbyl amine is available commercially from the Rohm and Haas Company under the designation Primene 81 R.
  • the Primene 81 R is believed to be a mixture of primary aliphatic amines in which the aliphatic groups are predominantly C 12 and C 14 tertiary alkyl groups.
  • the fuels of this invention should contain at least 1.5 to 40 PTB (0.00429 to 0.1143 grams/liter) of component (b), the hydrocarbyl amine.
  • the metal deactivator N,N'-disalicylidene-1,2-diaminopropane (c) is also included in the combination.
  • This compound (80 weight percent active compound in 20 weight percent toluene solvent is available as an article of commerce from Ethyl Corporation under the designation "Ethyl" MDA.
  • the fuels of this invention should contain at least 0.2 to 5 PTB (0.00572 to 0.012 grams per liter) of component (c), N,N'-disalicylidene-1,2-diaminopropane.
  • the amount of components (a), (b) and (c) can very widely.
  • the fluid compositions contain 10 to 97.9% by weight of the organic nitrate ignition accelerator component. 2.0 to 75% by weight of the hydrocarbyl amine and 0.1 to 15% by weight N.N'-disalicylidene-1,2-diaminopropane.
  • from 0.01% by weight up to 1.0% by weight of the combination of the components (a), (b) and (c) will be sufficient to provide good coking-inhibiting properties to the distillate fuel.
  • a preferrec distillate fuel composition contains from 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of the combination containing from 50 to 97.9% by weight of the organic nitrate ignition accelerator, from 2.0 to 45% by weight of the hydrocarbyl amine and from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight of N,N'-disalicylidene-1,2-diaminopropane.
  • Such fluids in addition to resulting in great convenience in storage, handling, transportation, blending with fuels, and so forth, also are potent concentrates which serve the function of inhibiting or minimizing the coking characteristics of compression ignition distillate fuels used to operate indirect compression ignition engines.
  • the additive fluids, as well as the distillate fuel compositions of the present invention may also contain other additives such as corrosion inhibitors. antioxidants, metal deactivators. detergents. cold flow improvers, inert solvents or diluents, and the like.
  • the base fuel employed in these engine tests was a commercially-available diesel fuel having a nominal cetane rating of 42.
  • FIA analysis indicated the fuel was composed by volume of 31.5% aromatics, 3.0% olefins and 65.5% saturates. Its distillation range (ASTM D-158) was as follows:
  • test blend was prepared from this base fuel.
  • the test fuel contained a combination of (i) 506 PTB (1.447 grams per liter) of mixed octyl nitrates (a commercial product available from Ethyl Corporation under the designation DII-3 Ignition Improver), (ii) 13.2 PTB (0.0377 grams per liter) of a hydrocarbyl amine available commercially from Rohm and Haas Company under the designation Primene 81 R and (iii) 1.7 PTB (0.00486 grams per liter) of "Ethyl" Metal Deactivator, a product of Ethyl Corporation, the active ingredient of which is N,N'-disalicylidene-1,2-diaminopropane.
  • the Primene 81 R is believed to be a mixture of primary aliphatic amines in which the aliphatic groups are predominantly C 2 and C 14 tertiary alkyl groups.
  • Shell Rotella T an SAE 30, SF/CD oil was used as the crankcase lubricant.
  • new Bosch DNOSD - 1510 nozzles were installed using new copper gaskets and flame rings.
  • the fuel line was flushed with the new test fuel composition to be tested and the fuel filter bowl and fuel return reservoir were emptied to avoid additive carry-over from test-to-test.
  • the above 20-minute cycle was repeated 60 times and the test was completed by running the engine at idle for another 30 minutes.
  • the total elapsed time was thus 20.5 hours per test.
  • Hydrocarbon exhaust emissions were measured at the start of each test (after the first 20-minute cycle), at the 6-hour test interval and at the end of the test. These measurements were made at 750, 1000, and 1400 rpm idle. Noise level readings were made at a location three feet from the engine exhaust side. The measurements were made at the start and at the end of the test while operating at three idle speeds, viz., 750, 1000 and 1400 rpm.
  • distillate fuel for indirect injection compression ignition engines containing a combination of (a) organic nitrate ignition accelerator, and (b) hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide, and optionally:
  • Additive concentrates can be formulated using the additive combinations disclosed in both of said applications.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Composition de combustible distillé destinée aux moteurs à allumage par compression et à injection indirecte, contenant, en une quantité suffisante pour supprimer et, de préférence, réduire au minimum la carbonisation dans les buses d'injection des moteurs à allumage par compression et à injection indirecte fonctionnant avec un tel carburant, un mélange (a) d'un nitrate organique servant d'accélérateur d'inflammation, (b) d'une hydrocarbylamine ayant 3 à 60 atomes de carbone et 1 à 10 atomes d'azote et (c) de N,N'-disalicylidène-1,2-diaminopropane.
2. Composition suivant la revendication 1, dans laquelle l'accélérateur d'inflammation est un mélange de nitrates d'octyle.
3. Composition suivant la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans laquelle l'hydrocarbylamine répond à la formule R-NH2, dans laquelle R représente un ou plusieurs groupes aliphatiques tertiaires contenant 8 à 18 atomes de carbone.
4. Composition suivant la revendication 3, dans laquelle R représente un groupe aliphatique tertiaire en C,2 à C16.
5. Composition suivant la revendication 3 ou la revendication 4, dans laquelle le groupe aliphatique tertiaire est un groupe alkyle tertiaire.
6. Variante d'une composition suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, dans laquelle l'hydrocarbylamine représentant le constituant (b) comprend, en plus d'une amine de formule R-NH2, une ou plusieurs autres hydrocarbylamines suivant la revendication 1.
7. Composition suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1, 2 ou 6, dans laquelle l'hydrocarbylamine représentant le constituant (b) consiste en 2,6-di-tertiobutyl-α-diméthylamino-para-crésol, en N-cyclohexyl-N,N-diméthylamine ou en une N-alkyl-N,N-diméthylamine dans laquelle le groupe alkyle est constitué d'un ou plusieurs groupes alkyle ayant 8 à 18 atomes de carbone.
8. Composition suivant la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans laquelle l'hydrocarbylamine est un mélange d'amines aliphatiques primaires dans lesquelles les groupes aliphatiques sont principalement des groupes alkyle tertiaires en C12 et C14.
9. Concentré fluide d'additif destiné à être utilisé dans des combustibles distillés, qui contient un mélange suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8.
10. Procédé pour inhiber la carbonisation sur les buses d'injecteurs d'un moteur à allumage par compression et à injection indirecte au cours du fonctionnement de ce moteur, procédé qui consiste à alimenter ledit moteur avec une composition de combustible distillé contenant, en une quantité suffisante pour supprimer et, de préférence, réduire au minimum cette carbonisation dans le moteur fonctionnant avec un tel carburant, un mélange suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8.
EP87201460A 1983-12-30 1984-12-28 Composition de combustible et concentrés d'additifs et leurs utilisations pour inhiber la formation de dépôts dans un moteur Expired EP0247706B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87201460T ATE44042T1 (de) 1983-12-30 1984-12-28 Brennstoffzusammensetzung und zusatzkonzentrate und ihren verwendung zur motorschlamminhibierung.

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/567,090 US4482357A (en) 1983-12-30 1983-12-30 Fuel Compositions
US567089 1983-12-30
US06/567,089 US4482356A (en) 1983-12-30 1983-12-30 Diesel fuel containing alkenyl succinimide
US567071 1983-12-30
US567090 1983-12-30
US06/567,071 US4482355A (en) 1983-12-30 1983-12-30 Diesel fuel compositions

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84309143.0 Division 1984-12-28

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0247706A2 EP0247706A2 (fr) 1987-12-02
EP0247706A3 EP0247706A3 (en) 1988-01-13
EP0247706B1 true EP0247706B1 (fr) 1989-06-14

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Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84309143A Expired EP0147240B1 (fr) 1983-12-30 1984-12-28 Compositions de combustibles et des concentrés d'additifs, et leur utilisations pour inhiber la formation de dépôts
EP87201461A Expired EP0251419B1 (fr) 1983-12-30 1984-12-28 Composition combustible et concentrés d'additifs, et leurs utilisations pour inhiber la formation de dépôts dans un moteur
EP87201460A Expired EP0247706B1 (fr) 1983-12-30 1984-12-28 Composition de combustible et concentrés d'additifs et leurs utilisations pour inhiber la formation de dépôts dans un moteur

Family Applications Before (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84309143A Expired EP0147240B1 (fr) 1983-12-30 1984-12-28 Compositions de combustibles et des concentrés d'additifs, et leur utilisations pour inhiber la formation de dépôts
EP87201461A Expired EP0251419B1 (fr) 1983-12-30 1984-12-28 Composition combustible et concentrés d'additifs, et leurs utilisations pour inhiber la formation de dépôts dans un moteur

Country Status (2)

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EP (3) EP0147240B1 (fr)
CA (3) CA1270642A (fr)

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EP0247706A3 (en) 1988-01-13
EP0147240B1 (fr) 1989-04-05
EP0147240A3 (en) 1986-04-02
EP0251419A1 (fr) 1988-01-07
CA1270642A (fr) 1990-06-26
CA1284883C (fr) 1991-06-18
EP0251419B1 (fr) 1989-05-31
EP0247706A2 (fr) 1987-12-02
CA1284583C (fr) 1991-06-04
EP0147240A2 (fr) 1985-07-03

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