EP0250742B1 - Feuille transparente pour radar à réflexion infrarouge ajustable, à usage de camouflage - Google Patents

Feuille transparente pour radar à réflexion infrarouge ajustable, à usage de camouflage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0250742B1
EP0250742B1 EP87105585A EP87105585A EP0250742B1 EP 0250742 B1 EP0250742 B1 EP 0250742B1 EP 87105585 A EP87105585 A EP 87105585A EP 87105585 A EP87105585 A EP 87105585A EP 0250742 B1 EP0250742 B1 EP 0250742B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
cells
camouflage
infra
radar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP87105585A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0250742A1 (fr
Inventor
Werner Dr. Dipl.-Phys. Scherber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dornier GmbH
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Dornier GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dornier GmbH filed Critical Dornier GmbH
Publication of EP0250742A1 publication Critical patent/EP0250742A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0250742B1 publication Critical patent/EP0250742B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H3/00—Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
    • H01Q17/007—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems with means for controlling the absorption

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device which makes it possible to regulate the heat radiation from surfaces and thereby to influence the thermal image of an object.
  • the device is suitable for camouflage against thermal imaging devices in that the contours of the background are generated at the location of the object or in that the contours of an object are generated in such a way that a supposed object is created which in reality does not exist.
  • the device can be implemented without the use of metallic surfaces and is therefore permeable to radio and microwaves. This results in preferred applications for camouflaging radomes and for multispectral camouflage.
  • the camouflage of objects against reconnaissance by thermal imaging devices contains a special problem.
  • the recognizability of an object is not only dependent on its surface properties (such as color, degree of reflection, roughness), but is also determined by the temperature of the surface and the temperatures of the surroundings, the background and the sky.
  • Low emissive coatings are used for camouflage. This measure reduces, in proportion to the level of emissivity e of the surface, the thermal radiation emitted by this object; In this way, the detectability can be reduced, particularly in the case of objects that are warmed up more.
  • other infrared camouflage agents with a similar effect are known: for example low-emitting textiles, laminated metal foils, infrared camouflage nets with metallic elements (layers, foils, threads), galvanic low-emitting coatings and the like.
  • camouflage means are desirable whose heat radiation can be controlled and can therefore be adapted to the thermal image of the background at any time.
  • a device of this type and according to the preamble of claim 1 is described in DE-OS 3 217 977.
  • the object to be camouflaged is covered by a geometric structure of heat-sensitive sensors and thermal energy sources, so that each sensor is assigned a thermal energy source of the same height and width on the opposite side of the object.
  • the heat-sensitive sensors partially scan the object background and activate the energy source on the object side facing the thermal imaging device via a control unit in such a way that this object side has the same temperature distribution as the respective object background.
  • infrared-active camouflage agents A common feature of these infrared-active camouflage agents is that the low-emitting effect is achieved by incorporating metallic layers or particles. Low infrared emissivities below about 70% only occur on homogeneous materials if they have a metallic character and a certain metallic conductivity. Conventional metal-containing IR camouflage paints and IR camouflage agents have some typical disadvantages, which severely limit their possible uses and effectiveness. The metal component causes the layers to be generally opaque to electromagnetic radiation and show a strong reflection effect.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a device with which the thermal image of an object can be influenced in a targeted manner and in particular can be matched to the thermal image of its background, this influencing not being essentially connected to a temperature control of the object or the device.
  • the body to be camouflaged is covered with a flat arrangement of cells.
  • Each cell consists of two superimposed, infrared-transparent foils, each with an interference layer on the inside.
  • the s control according to the invention offers decisive advantages over the known temperature control, such as low energy consumption, independent maintenance of an optical state, simple, light embodiment.
  • the interference layers 2 consist of a material which is permeable in the heat radiation region 8-12 Ilm (3rd atmospheric window) and 3-5 ⁇ m (2nd atmospheric window).
  • the carrier foils 4 for example made of polyethylene, have lower refractive indices than the layers 2.
  • the two surfaces should separate slightly from one another, so that an air gap 6 of a few micrometers or more is created.
  • the arrangement has a high degree of reflection (state A). If the two foils are brought together, e.g. by generating a slight negative pressure in the space 6, the two reflecting ⁇ / 4 layers result in a 7J2 layer with high permeability (state B).
  • the emissivity in state B is determined by the use of IR-transparent foils 4 by the emissivity of the object 8 behind it, so it is generally high (no shiny metallic surfaces!).
  • a larger number of substances can be considered as possible layer material.
  • the selection is based on the required transmission range in the infrared and optical spectrum, as well as on practical, technical aspects such as manufacturability, durability and costs.
  • the group of semiconductors such as silicon, germanium, graphite, as well as metal sulfides, metal selenides and metal tellurides, which are also used as a raw material for compact IR windows, offers broadband camouflage and good stability. If transparency in the optical field is also desired, oxidic materials such as Si0 2 , Al 2 Os, Sn0 2 , In 2 0 3 , Ti0 2 , Ce0 2 , MgO, fluorides such as MgF 2 , PbF 2 , BaF 2 and other compounds can be used with similar properties.
  • one or two plate-like carriers can be used; however, at least the element facing the thermal imaging device must always be IR-transparent in order to produce the desired effect.
  • the film or plate can optionally be covered with a protective layer, but it must also be transparent in any case in the IR frequency range of the application.
  • a stable frame 10 made of plastic or other materials surrounding the cells is expediently used.
  • the frame 10 must be sealed with the foils or plates so that a negative pressure can be built up. If plate-like, self-supporting elements are used, the cells can be produced simply by gluing or welding foils in the form of airtight bubbles. The supply of a vacuum line must be provided at one point in each cell 12.
  • pneumatic control instead of the pneumatic control, other movement mechanisms with electromagnetic, electrostatic, electrostrictive, electromotive or other drive can also be used. What is particularly interesting about the pneumatic control, however, is that it can be built entirely from plastic and non-conductive components and thus maintains the permeability to other spectral ranges - radio waves, microwaves, light.
  • the camouflage film according to the invention can be used very advantageously for cladding radomes (radomes).
  • radomes cladding radomes
  • the current construction of radomes has proven to be extremely unfavorable in terms of detectability in the IR range. Due to the low thermal conductivity and thermal capacity of the radome outer skin (plastic foam material or foils), the surface temperature is subject to strong weather-related fluctuations, which gives these objects an unusually well-defined thermal image signature. Countermeasures with conventional camouflage means without impairing the radar transmission are not known.
  • FIG. 2a A typical signature of a radome when exposed to sunlight is shown in FIG. 2a.
  • the upper half of the sphere is warmed up and stands out against the much darker background.
  • the light-dark conditions are just the other way around due to the low sky temperature, but just as easily recognizable.
  • an effective contour decomposition is brought about by typical structures of the environment such as For example, rectangular areas in agricultural fields ( Figure 2b, without background) or settlements, building structures ( Figure 2c) or other landscape formations (horizon lines, ridges, forest areas, river courses) can be simulated.
  • camouflage device does not have to be present at all times — like a coat of paint.
  • camouflage device In the conceivable application of the camouflage device according to the invention to vehicles, ships, airplanes, steel bridges, steel masts and other devices, a special aspect is added. Due to their predominantly metal structure, these objects have a clear and characteristic radar signature. This problem can basically be solved by using radar absorbers and a multispectral camouflage device, as described above. If, however, radar absorbers are not desired or not possible for any reason (weight, cost, availability), a combined IR-radar effect can be achieved with the camouflage device according to the invention in that the cells of the camouflage device are completely or partially metallized on the object side. In this way, certain characteristic radar signatures of the object can be canceled or falsified.
  • camouflage effect in the visible or near infrared is possible by using colored plastic films. If foils or plates with good optical transparency are used, then the visual camouflage effect can be achieved by means of deposited and thus easily changed paint coats, or it is already given by the existing camouflage of the object.
  • the method is not limited to switching two extreme states. Intermediate values of the degree of achievement can also be set if a cell area is divided into further units, the dimensions of which are no longer resolved by the observing thermal imaging device. Then the number of sub-elements that are in a state corresponds to a certain ⁇ gradation.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Claims (11)

1. Dispositif avec un agencement en surface de cellules dont le facteur d'émission peut être commandé de manière indépendante pour le camouflage d'objets contre une reconnaissance, caractérisé en ce que les cellules se composent d'au moins deux éléments (4) dont au moins un élément (4) est transparent aux rayons infrarouges et au moins un élément (4) porte sur la face intérieure une couche d'interférence infrarouge (2) et que l'entrefer entre les éléments (4) est variable.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, en mettant à profit des relations d'interférence, le facteur de réflexion infrarouge et le facteur d'émission des cellules peuvent être commutés entre deux états.
3. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les éléments (4) sont constitués de feuilles.
4. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les éléments (4) se présentent sous forme de plaques.
5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la compression et la séparation des éléments (4) peuvent être commandées de manière pneumatique, par exemple par une légère dépression et une légère surpression.
6. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1, 2 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que le mouvement des éléments (4) peut être commandé au moyen d'un système d'entraînement électromagnétique, électrostatique, électrostrictif ou à moteur électrique.
7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la forme et la disposition des cellules sont réalisées selon une figure géométrique quelconque.
8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'extension des cellules est choisie de façon à être inférieure à la résolution latérale de la caméra thermographique d'un observateur, ce qui permet de provoquer des gradations de valeurs de gris et des contours doux.
9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il peut être utilisé pour le camouflage de radômes et d'autres installations d'antennes et de stations de transmission contre une reconnaissance thermographique.
10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il peut être utilisé pour le camouflage de bâtiments, de ponts, d'aérodromes et d'installations analogues contre une- reconnaissance thermographique.
11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8 et 10, caractérisé en ce que, côté objet, les cellules sont métallisées entièrement ou par taches et qu'elles peuvent être utilisées pour le camouflage multispectral d'objets essentiellement métalliques.
EP87105585A 1986-04-25 1987-04-15 Feuille transparente pour radar à réflexion infrarouge ajustable, à usage de camouflage Expired EP0250742B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863614016 DE3614016A1 (de) 1986-04-25 1986-04-25 Radartransparente folie mit steuerbarer infrarotreflexion fuer tarnzwecke
DE3614016 1986-04-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0250742A1 EP0250742A1 (fr) 1988-01-07
EP0250742B1 true EP0250742B1 (fr) 1989-12-13

Family

ID=6299515

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87105585A Expired EP0250742B1 (fr) 1986-04-25 1987-04-15 Feuille transparente pour radar à réflexion infrarouge ajustable, à usage de camouflage

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0250742B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3614016A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3643691C1 (de) * 1986-12-20 1992-03-05 Dornier Gmbh Thermalkontrollschicht
DE3643692A1 (de) * 1986-12-20 1992-03-12 Dornier Gmbh Tarnvorrichtung
AT397864B (de) * 1988-11-16 1994-07-25 Blaschke Pumpen Und Filteranla Vorrichtung zur tarnung von durchsichtigen flächen mit reflektierender oberfläche
GB2274154B (en) * 1989-12-04 1995-01-04 Marconi Gec Ltd Modifying the infra-red appearance of a body
DE4103458C2 (de) * 1991-02-06 1994-09-01 Flachglas Ag Optisch transparentes Verglasungselement mit niedrigem Reflexionsgrad für Radarstrahlung und hohem Reflexionsgrad für IR-Strahlung
US5231532A (en) * 1992-02-05 1993-07-27 Texas Instruments Incorporated Switchable resonant filter for optical radiation
DE4408712C2 (de) * 1994-03-15 1998-01-15 Dornier Gmbh Doppelscheibe aus Glas oder Kunststoff mit steuerbarem Reflexionsgrad
GB9415921D0 (en) * 1994-08-04 1994-09-28 Secr Defence Infra-red body
GB9520979D0 (en) * 1995-10-13 1996-08-28 Pilkington Thorn Optronics Ltd Armoured vehicle protection
AT406303B (de) * 1997-03-27 2000-04-25 Blaschke Wehrtechnik Gmbh J Einrichtung zur tarnung
WO2000031493A1 (fr) * 1998-11-26 2000-06-02 Gonzalez Baena Carlos Jesus Tissu mimetique interactif
ES2151431B1 (es) * 1998-11-26 2001-08-16 Gonzalez Baena Carlos Jesus Tejido mimetico interactivo.
DE19955608C2 (de) * 1999-11-19 2003-01-30 Dornier Gmbh Infrarot-Tarnvorrichtung
DE19955609B4 (de) * 1999-11-19 2004-09-16 Dornier Gmbh Infrarot-Tarnsystem
TW556002B (en) * 2000-10-17 2003-10-01 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv Light valve and device provided with a light valve
DE10361921B4 (de) * 2003-12-23 2007-09-27 Ulf Deisenroth Veränderbare Tarnoberfläche
US8909385B2 (en) 2011-01-14 2014-12-09 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Infrared signature matching system, control circuit, and related method
US20140204452A1 (en) * 2013-01-21 2014-07-24 sp3 nanotech LLC Switchable lens apparatus and method
CN106393847B (zh) * 2016-08-29 2018-10-19 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 一种具有雷达红外一体化隐身效果的智能材料
CN112622391B (zh) * 2020-11-02 2023-01-17 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 一种光学透明超宽带雷达与红外双隐身结构

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2759657C2 (de) * 1977-11-15 1991-06-20 Pusch, Günter, Dr.-Ing., 6903 Neckargemünd Breitbandige Tarnung militärischer Ziele
DE3043381C2 (de) * 1980-11-18 1982-11-11 Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen Verwendung von spektralselektiv beschichteten Oberflächen sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
DE3135586A1 (de) * 1981-09-09 1983-03-31 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München Tarnvorrichtung an fahrzeugen gegen erkennung
DE3217977A1 (de) * 1982-05-13 1983-11-17 Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch den Bundesminister der Verteidigung, dieser vertreten durch den Präsidenten des Bundesamtes für Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung, 5400 Koblenz Vorrichtung zur tarnung von objekten gegen eine aufklaerung durch waermebildgeraete

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0250742A1 (fr) 1988-01-07
DE3761172D1 (de) 1990-01-18
DE3614016A1 (de) 1987-10-29

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