Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
  • C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
  • C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
  • C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
  • C06B21/0008—Compounding the ingredient
  • C06B21/0025—Compounding the ingredient the ingredient being a polymer bonded explosive or thermic component
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
  • C06B23/009—Wetting agents, hydrophobing agents, dehydrating agents, antistatic additives, viscosity improvers, antiagglomerating agents, grinding agents and other additives for working up

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for producing a plastic-bound explosive, in particular in granular form, in which the explosive, the plastic and a solvent for the plastic are mixed, whereupon the solvent is removed and the remaining mass is optionally granulated.
• Such a method is already known. It is referred to as the "slurry process".
• the explosive is placed in an aqueous suspension and the plastic dissolved in an organic solvent is added. The whole is mixed, the solvent and water are removed and the remaining mass is granulated.
• antitatic agents and lubricants such as carbon black or graphite can be added during or after the mixing.
• the granules must be pressed into explosive charges at the softening temperature of the plastic, i.e. at a relatively high temperature.
• wax as a binder instead of plastic.
• a wax-explosive mixture is mixed in a kneader above the melting point of the wax from about 60 to 100 ° C. Although this can cause the volume of the mixture to multiply, e.g. B. the 20-fold compared to the slurry process and a commercially available kneader, such as a planetary mixer, are used, but due to the low melting point of the wax, the operating temperature of the explosive charges made from it is limited.
• the object of the invention is to provide a method with which the production of plastic-bound explosives is simplified, in particular with regard to the outlay on equipment.
• a prefabricated powder made from a mixture of plastic and a material with a high specific surface is used as the plastic.
• a powder has no inherent stickiness and can be mixed with the explosive after adding a small amount of a solvent for the plastic without any problems, i. H. a commercially available kneader or other compulsory mixer can be used.
• thermoplastic is preferably used as the plastic, in particular a rubber, such as styrene-butadiene rubber.
• the material with a high specific surface area is a material with a specific surface area of at least 5, preferably at least 20 m 2 / g.
• the particles of the plastic powder in which this material is dispersed preferably have a particle size of less than 1000 .mu.m, preferably less than 500 .mu.m. B. between 50 and 500 I.Lm.
• the material with a high specific surface area leads to a quick release of the plastic and a homogeneous distribution of the same on the explosive.
• Carbon black is preferably used as the material with a high specific surface area, since carbon black has an antistatic effect. The use of further antistatic agents can then often be dispensed with. In addition, carbon black acts as a pressing aid, so that despite a relatively high softening temperature of the plastic of e.g. B. 130 to 200 ° C the explosive at a relatively low temperature, d. H. a temperature below 80 ° C and possibly even at room temperature.
• the material with a high specific surface area also acts as a hardening agent in the pressed load. I.e. it largely prevents re-springing, i.e. expansion of the load due to pressure reduction after pressing and irreversible swelling after exposure to temperature or under the influence of moisture.
• the material with a high specific surface can also be another type of graphite or z.
• the proportion of the material with a high specific surface area in the prefabricated plastic powder is generally more than 10% by weight. Often, however, more, e.g. B. 40 wt .-% or more of this material is required to obtain a non-sticky, free-flowing powder good storage stability.
• the proportion of plastic powder should not be too large. Accordingly, the amount of the prefabricated plastic powder, based on the weight of the explosive, is generally 2 to 15% by weight and generally 3 to 8% by weight.
• the carbon black rubber powder supplied by Chemische Werke Hüls AG can be used.
• Kneading takes place at a temperature which is expediently below the boiling point of the solvent. I.e. kneading can also be carried out at room temperature.
• nitramines such as octogen or hexogen
• nitro compounds such as trinitrobenzene
• nitrate esters such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate
• the plastic-bound explosive can contain oxygen carriers, such as chlorates or perchlorates, and metal powders, such as aluminum powder.
• the solvent required for mixing has the task of dissolving the plastic powder. So it is a non-solvent for the explosive and a good solvent for the plastic to keep the amount of solvent as low as possible.
• toluene is particularly suitable as a solvent.
• the solvent is removed after mixing, e.g. B. by evaporation, preferably in vacuum.
• the amount of solvent used should be at most 50% by weight, preferably at most 30% by weight, based on the weight of the explosive.
• a free-flowing granulate usually remains in the process according to the invention, ie. H. there is no need for a separate granulation process, which further simplifies production. However, if a compact mass is obtained, it can be granulated in the usual way.
• the process according to the invention can be carried out batchwise or continuously.
• a commercially available kneader e.g. B. a planetary mixer or another compulsory mixer can be used.
• the explosive, the prefabricated plastic powder and the solvent can be added to the kneader in any order.
• An extruder can be used for continuous production, e.g. B. an extruder with two intermeshing screws.
• the explosive is preferably mixed with the solvent required to dissolve the plastic in a preceding operation.
• the explosive which has been desensitized with the solvent, the plastic powder and, if necessary, further solvent can be supplied with suitable metering devices. By dosing the starting materials. desired composition of the explosive granules guaranteed.
• the solvent can be removed by evacuation units integrated in the process or by drying in a subsequent process.
• the continuous process benefits from the high dosing accuracy of the prefabricated plastic powder and the fast. Loosen the plastic powder.
• the explosive granules produced according to the invention are outstandingly suitable for producing explosive charges since they are at a temperature of less than 80 ° C .; is preferably less than 40 ° C compressible.
• the pressure during pressing amounts to 500 to 3,500, vorzu g s-wise from 1200 to 2500 bar.
• the charge produced in this way can also be used at high temperatures, ie the thermal application range of the charges is determined by the softening temperature of the plastic, which can be 160 ° C. and more.
• the granules are pressed into charges at room temperature with a pressure of 2000 bar.
• the charges have a density that is more than 97% of the theoretical maximum density.
• the surface resistance of the charges is approx. 10 6 ohms, which is far below the critical limit for antistatic charging.
• the loads or moldings are alternately tempered to + 150 ° C and - 40 ° C. After completing 5 cycles and tempering the body to room temperature, its dimensions have changed by less than 0.1%. The bodies are also free of cracks.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
• Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
• Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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ID=6306097

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (3)

Families Citing this family (1)

Family Cites Families (7)

• 1986
  • 1986-07-26 DE DE19863625412 patent/DE3625412A1/de active Granted
• 1987
  • 1987-04-30 EP EP87106359A patent/EP0254820A3/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1987-07-23 NO NO873096A patent/NO167083C/no unknown

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