EP0257357A2 - Procédé d'exploitation d'un four d'émaillage en U et four d'émaillage en U - Google Patents

Procédé d'exploitation d'un four d'émaillage en U et four d'émaillage en U Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0257357A2
EP0257357A2 EP87111175A EP87111175A EP0257357A2 EP 0257357 A2 EP0257357 A2 EP 0257357A2 EP 87111175 A EP87111175 A EP 87111175A EP 87111175 A EP87111175 A EP 87111175A EP 0257357 A2 EP0257357 A2 EP 0257357A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
zone
furnace
air
vapors
cooling zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87111175A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0257357A3 (fr
Inventor
Walter Dipl.-Ing. Schminke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VGT AG
Original Assignee
VGT AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by VGT AG filed Critical VGT AG
Publication of EP0257357A2 publication Critical patent/EP0257357A2/fr
Publication of EP0257357A3 publication Critical patent/EP0257357A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
    • C23D9/00—Ovens specially adapted for firing enamels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/02—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces
    • F27B9/021—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces having two or more parallel tracks
    • F27B9/022—With two tracks moving in opposite directions
    • F27B9/023—With two tracks moving in opposite directions with a U turn at one end
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/06—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/3005—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types arrangements for circulating gases

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a reversible enamelling furnace with a furnace wall and a material conveyor, which is successively passed through a preheating zone, a firing zone and a cooling zone, gases being blown in and sucked off in the preheating zone and the cooling zone guided in parallel.
  • the invention also relates to the reversible enamelling furnace itself, which has a furnace wall and a material conveyor which is guided through a preheating zone, a combustion zone and a cooling zone, a device for blowing and suctioning gases being provided in the preheating zone and the cooling zone arranged in parallel .
  • a reversible enamelling furnace is to be understood as a type of furnace in which the preheating zone in which the material to be treated enters the furnace is arranged next to the cooling zone in which the treated material is discharged from the furnace, so that a reversal of the Good things must be done in one place of the oven.
  • a reverse enamelling furnace of the type described in the opening paragraph is known.
  • the preheating zone and the cooling zone it is equipped with one or more devices for blowing and extracting gases, which are also referred to as airlocks.
  • airlocks of which two to six are distributed between the preheating zone and the cooling zone, depending on the size of the furnace, can work with different air speeds or can be designed for such different air speeds, depending on the type of material to be treated in the furnace.
  • the email order takes the form of a slip; airlocks with a comparatively high air speed can be used here.
  • airlocks In the dry process, electrostatically charged powder particles are applied to the material to be treated, which adhere to the surface of the material due to the electrostatic charge.
  • airlocks have to be used at a lower speed of the gases in order to keep the powder particles from the surface of the goods to blow off.
  • the air outlet speeds were reduced to approx. 1 m / sec. reduced, which also disadvantageously reduce the effects of the airlock shown.
  • the powder particles are coated with a layer of silicone in order to maintain the electrostatic charge for as long as possible.
  • the material to be treated After all, it takes a certain amount of time until the material to be treated has been led through the preheating zone and enters the firing zone.
  • the material to be treated and also the enamel particles pass through a temperature range from ambient to about 600 ° C, with which they enter the firing zone.
  • the silicone evaporates from the enamel particles on the surface of the material and enters the furnace atmosphere as vapors, where it mixes with it.
  • the vaporized silicone also comes into contact with the extending material in the cooling zone and is deposited there as a water-repellent film.
  • Part of the goods exiting the reversible enamelling furnace must always be reworked due to enamelling errors.
  • This or another part of the goods often has to be subjected to further treatment steps, for example covered with a further layer of enamel, which is suitable for self-cleaning purposes.
  • the proportion of the material to be reworked in this way may well be in the order of 10% of the material treated in the oven.
  • the enamel is applied using the wet method, the enamel contracting as a slip on the surface of the powder enamel layer which has become hygrophobic as a result of the precipitation of the precipitation. In this way, this second enamel layer is incorrectly applied.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for operating a reversible enamelling furnace and such an oven itself, in which the silicone precipitation on the goods is avoided or kept so low that it does not interfere with reworking.
  • this is achieved in the process of the type described in the introduction in that preheated air is fed from the vertical furnace wall on the side of the cooling zone to the furnace cross section and thus the gases in the furnace cross section are transverse to the conveying direction of the material conveyor from the side of the cooling zone to the side of the Preheating zone are displaced, and that from the vertical furnace wall on the side of the preheating zone, the air and vapors are sucked out of the cross section of the furnace.
  • the invention aims to no longer achieve a mixing of the furnace atmosphere in the area of the preheating zone and the cooling zone, but rather to block the furnace atmosphere transversely to the conveying direction in the preheating and cooling zone from the side of the cooling zone in the direction of the preheating zone .
  • the new type of air duct has the further advantage that it also fulfills the function of a lock effect, so that horizontal thermal air flows in the area of the preheating zone and the cooling zone are interrupted or avoided.
  • the material to be warmed up is also recorded uniformly. The heat evenly absorbed by the air from the moving goods is transferred in the shortest way, namely directly to the goods in the adjacent preheating zone, and without first being conducted through a pipe, as before, around the outside of the furnace wall.
  • the uniform effect or treatment of the goods with regard to temperature is important in order to avoid warping and tension in the goods.
  • the vapors can also be present in a higher concentration than previously, so that a comparatively smaller volume has to be treated, for example subjected to a wet wash.
  • the downstream units such as heat exchangers and exhaust air purification systems, can also be built smaller than before. Exhaust air cleaning of the silicone vapors is possible by post-combustion.
  • the fluorine contained in the exhaust air can be washed out or bound in a dry process by passing it through a plaster bed. With smaller plants, however, this is not even necessary to comply with the legal requirements comply with the prescribed values with regard to air pollution control.
  • the heat contained in the extracted air and the vapors can be partially transferred to the air to be preheated to preheat it.
  • a 100% transfer is of course not possible because a temperature difference is always required for the temperature transfer.
  • this has an advantageous effect, quite apart from the fact that the z. B. at about 820 ° C escaping from the firing zone is not quenched by the preheated air, so that distortions are avoided.
  • the air can be blown in to the end of the firing zone in order to displace the furnace atmosphere in the direction of the adjacent beginning of the firing zone. This not only advantageously achieves a lock effect at the end of the firing zone.
  • a direction of flow is also reversed, in that this air is passed over the material in a countercurrent process from the end of the combustion zone to the beginning of the combustion zone.
  • the vapors of hydrogen fluoride and of the silicone are displaced in the direction of the beginning of the firing zone and thus on the entry side of the material, so that the material is extended within the cross flow of the fresh air lies and is therefore protected.
  • the extracted vapors can be burned and the heat generated can be transferred to the air to be blown in. This makes sense in terms of economical use of energy.
  • the air preheating can be carried out not only outside the furnace, but also partially inside the furnace, by guiding the air-transporting ducts in the furnace cross-section, starting in the region of the beginning of the furnace.
  • a large cross-sectional airlock of the previously known type can be arranged, with which only a recirculation of the furnace atmosphere is carried out and thus a blocking effect is achieved.
  • this airlock is also expediently set up in such a way that its direction of flow is no longer directed vertically but horizontally. As a result, heat is transferred from the moving goods to the moving goods at an improved level at this point.
  • Pre-warmed air can also be added in this airlock, so that an excess supply of fresh air is created, whereby it is avoided with certainty that stray vapors from the oven opening get into the enamelling plant.
  • the reversible enamelling furnace of the type described in the introduction is characterized in that the device for blowing and suctioning the gases over a large part of the length of the preheating zone and the cooling zone is provided following the firing zone, that the device for blowing in the gases is vertical Area of the wall forming the furnace cross section on the side of the cooling zone and the device for suction of gases are distributed over the vertical region of the wall forming the furnace cross section on the side of the preheating zone, and that the device for blowing in gases is operated with preheated air.
  • the device for blowing and suctioning the gases is only arranged with regard to its effect so that the temperature range from about 300 ° C to about 600 ° C, i.e.
  • the device for blowing in and suctioning off the gases is arranged in a vertically distributed manner, so that the entire cross section of the furnace is recorded as a block.
  • the device for blowing in the air can have a multiplicity of blowpipes which are guided from the area of the beginning of the furnace inside along the furnace wall through the entire cooling zone and are provided with openings only on part of the cooling zone.
  • the device for extracting air and vapors may have a plurality of manifolds which run from the beginning of the combustion zone along the inside
  • the furnace wall is led through the entire preheating zone and only has openings in part of the preheating zone. This ensures that the hot extracted gases and vapors additionally preheat the incoming goods insofar as the heat is also partially transferred to the incoming goods through the header pipes.
  • the blowpipes can also be arranged in the corner areas of the furnace cross section following the vertical part of the furnace wall in order to capture the entire furnace cross section as far as possible and to enable low air velocities.
  • the enamel particles coated with the silicone initially only adhere due to the electrostatic charge.
  • the adhesive forces are partly increased or taken over by softening the enamel particles, while the part of the adhesion that is attributable to the electrostatic effect decreases.
  • the blowpipes can be designed and matched to these special features in number and in the arrangement of their openings.
  • one or more heat exchangers can be provided, through which the extracted air and the vapors on the one hand and the air to be blown into the preheating zone on the other hand are guided.
  • One of the heat exchangers can also be operated with the exhaust gases from the combustion zone, provided that it is heating with a fuel.
  • Some of the blowpipes are advantageously arranged in the upper region of the furnace wall through the entire cooling zone into the end of the firing zone, their openings being provided only in the region of the end of the firing zone. Due to the long distance that these blowpipes travel in the cooling zone, the air is particularly strongly heated, as is the case at the end of the Burning zone is also useful and necessary. Due to the targeted guidance of the blowpipes, the air to be blown in can also be heated at different temperatures, depending on the point of blowing in.
  • the reversible enamelling furnace shown in FIG. 1 has a furnace wall (1) which encloses a furnace atmosphere (2).
  • a material conveyor (4) which is shown in FIG. 1 only with a dash-dotted line and appears more figuratively in FIGS. 2 and 3, is guided through the furnace in the direction indicated.
  • the material conveyor (4) expediently protrudes from below through the lower horizontal furnace wall (5) (FIG. 2) into the furnace cross section (6).
  • the Gutsier (4) as a hanging conveyor, so that the upper horizontal furnace wall is occupied.
  • the two walls (5 and 7) are supplemented by vertical areas (8 and 9) of the furnace wall (1).
  • a preheating zone (10) is formed, within which the material conveyor (4) covers a straight line.
  • the preheating zone (10) ends approximately in the area of a first bend of the material conveyor (4) and there passes into the beginning (11) of a combustion zone (12), at the end (13) of which there is a cooling zone (14) which at the beginning ( 3) or the end of the furnace ends.
  • the material to be enamelled is first passed through the preheating zone (10), then through the firing zone (12) and finally through the cooling zone (14).
  • the material entering at ambient temperature at the beginning (3) can have a temperature of about 600 ° C at the transition point between preheating zone (10) and firing zone (12). B. is increased to 820 ° C, which are still present at the end (13) of the combustion zone (12). The material cools further in the cooling zone (14) and leaves the oven at the beginning (3) or end with a temperature in the range between 80 and 120 ° C, whereas temperatures of 120 to 150 ° C have been measured there up to now.
  • an airlock (15) is provided, which is indicated schematically in FIG. 1 by dashed lines and is represented objectively in FIG. 3.
  • This airlock (15) extends approximately to the part of the preheating zone (10) and the cooling zone (14), which is provided beyond the firing zone (12) on the furnace (FIG. 1).
  • Only the furnace atmosphere is circulated here, the furnace atmosphere (2) being sucked off with the aid of pipes (16) and fed back in via channels (17) and further pipes (18).
  • the Pipes (16 and 18) are here - in contrast to the prior art - distributed over the vertical areas (8 and 9) of the furnace wall (1), so that here too a cross flow is approximately 90 ° to the direction of movement of the material conveyor (4) is reached.
  • the incoming goods (19) and the outgoing goods (20) on the goods conveyor (4) are indicated with dash-dotted lines and can consist, for example, of roasting tubes for stoves or the like to be enamelled. It first moves through the preheating zone (10) into the oven and then through the cooling zone (14) out of the oven, this being additionally characterized by the words "entry” and "exit”.
  • a fan (21) is used for air circulation. The air circulation is expanded at a low speed and with large cross sections and to a comparatively large axial length of the preheating zone (10) and cooling zone (14), in an area in which the goods to be brought in have still reached the temperature limit of about 300 ° C. at which the evaporation of the silicone begins.
  • the air circulation can be operated purely in the circulation mode, that is to say without additional supply or addition of fresh air, because no vapors occur at this point in the furnace when the method according to the invention is used.
  • a low continuous supply of preheated fresh air makes it possible to achieve an excess of air at this point, in order to avoid the escape of stray vapors from the beginning (3) or end of the oven.
  • a good lock effect is achieved in any case by this air lock (15).
  • a plurality of manifolds (22) are arranged distributed over the vertical region (8) of the furnace wall (1), the inside of the vertical region (8) of the furnace wall (1) are provided and are at least over a large part of the length of the Extend preheating zone (10).
  • These collecting pipes can also be guided up to the beginning (3) of the furnace along the area (8) of the furnace wall (1). However, they only have openings (24) in one area (23) through which air and vapors are drawn off in accordance with the arrows (25). The extraction takes place over the entire cross section of the furnace (6), namely in the horizontal direction.
  • blow pipes (26) are also at least on a large part of the axial length of the cooling zone (14) inside in the area (9) of the furnace wall (1) and over the corner areas to the subsequent horizontal furnace wall parts (5 and 7) arranged.
  • These blowpipes also have openings (27), for example over the area (23), with the aid of which, according to the arrows (28), preheated air is blown in in a block-like manner over the furnace cross section (6).
  • the air is moved at relatively low speeds in order to prevent the powdery enamel particles from being blown off from the incoming material (19) in any case.
  • Mixing of the furnace atmosphere (2) is not intended, but block-wise displacement of the furnace atmosphere (2) from the cooling zone (14) towards the preheating zone (10) is achieved.
  • blowpipes (26) are also provided beyond the corner area in the vicinity of the upper horizontal furnace wall in the cooling zone (14).
  • These blow pipes extend with the greatest axial length through the cooling zone (14) and extend to the end (13) of the firing zone (12), here too, according to arrows (29) (FIG. 2), very much preheated air is blown out. This not only creates a lock effect at the end of the combustion zone (12), but also a displacement effect in countercurrent according to the arrow (30) in FIG. 1.
  • Silicon vapors and hydrogen fluoride are here together as vapors from the end the combustion zone (12) transferred to the beginning of the combustion zone (30) and are ultimately sucked off via the collecting pipes (22) in the area of the cooling zone (14).
  • the combustion zone (12) is equipped with a large number of jet tubes (31) which are designed in a known manner.
  • FIG 4 the reversible enamelling furnace with its various zones, namely the preheating zone (10), the firing zone (12) and the cooling zone (14) is shown schematically.
  • the blow pipes (26) and the collecting pipes (22) are also indicated, the areas (23) in which the blowing or suction is indicated.
  • Fresh air is fed via an air filter (32) and an air fan (33) and via a line (34) to a first heat exchanger (35), preheated here and reaches a second heat exchanger (37) via a line (36) at the outlet thereof it has about 300 to 350 ° C.
  • the air which has been preheated to this extent reaches the blowpipes (26) via a line (38).
  • a line (39) connects to the collecting pipes (22) and leads either via a heat exchanger (40) and a combustion chamber (41) for burning the silicone-containing vapors or directly to the heat exchanger (37).
  • the vapors at the entrance to the heat exchanger (37) have a temperature of the order of 450 ° C, so that they can easily heat the air to the specified 350 ° C.
  • the first heat exchanger (35) is operated with the exhaust gas in the combustion zone (12) when the fuel is heated via a line (42). Both heat exchangers (35, 37) are followed by an automatic draft control or a quantity regulation and a suction draft, the exhaust air being fed to the chimney via a line (43) with a temperature in the range of approximately 100 ° C.
  • a short circuit line (44) with blower (45) is preferably provided for start-up purposes. It is understood that valves, slides and similar devices for Quantity regulation can be provided.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
EP87111175A 1986-08-26 1987-08-03 Procédé d'exploitation d'un four d'émaillage en U et four d'émaillage en U Withdrawn EP0257357A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863628936 DE3628936C1 (de) 1986-08-26 1986-08-26 Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Umkehr-Emaillierofens und Umkehr-Emaillierofen
DE3628936 1986-08-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0257357A2 true EP0257357A2 (fr) 1988-03-02
EP0257357A3 EP0257357A3 (fr) 1989-12-27

Family

ID=6308175

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87111175A Withdrawn EP0257357A3 (fr) 1986-08-26 1987-08-03 Procédé d'exploitation d'un four d'émaillage en U et four d'émaillage en U

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP0257357A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE3628936C1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2210681A (en) * 1987-10-08 1989-06-14 Consultant Gas Eng Ltd Continuous kiln
EP0334556A1 (fr) * 1988-03-21 1989-09-27 Metritherm Furnace Systems Limited Fours
WO1995015472A1 (fr) * 1993-12-01 1995-06-08 Keller Gmbh Procede de cuisson d'ebauches ceramiques et installation de mise en ×uvre dudit procede
DE19528147A1 (de) * 1995-08-01 1997-02-06 Dubois Ceramics Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufheizung und anschließenden Abkühlung eines transportierbaren Gutes
CN107588662A (zh) * 2017-10-27 2018-01-16 宁波恒普真空技术有限公司 一种真空脱脂烧结炉

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR986866A (fr) * 1949-03-23 1951-08-06 Elfulux Four continu pour le traitement thermique d'objets déplacés à travers le four
US2925260A (en) * 1956-05-28 1960-02-16 Ferro Corp Furnace
US4662840A (en) * 1985-09-09 1987-05-05 Hunter Engineering (Canada) Ltd. Indirect fired oven system for curing coated metal products

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2210681A (en) * 1987-10-08 1989-06-14 Consultant Gas Eng Ltd Continuous kiln
EP0334556A1 (fr) * 1988-03-21 1989-09-27 Metritherm Furnace Systems Limited Fours
WO1995015472A1 (fr) * 1993-12-01 1995-06-08 Keller Gmbh Procede de cuisson d'ebauches ceramiques et installation de mise en ×uvre dudit procede
DE19528147A1 (de) * 1995-08-01 1997-02-06 Dubois Ceramics Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufheizung und anschließenden Abkühlung eines transportierbaren Gutes
CN107588662A (zh) * 2017-10-27 2018-01-16 宁波恒普真空技术有限公司 一种真空脱脂烧结炉
CN107588662B (zh) * 2017-10-27 2024-01-09 宁波恒普技术股份有限公司 一种真空脱脂烧结炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3628936C1 (de) 1987-06-19
EP0257357A3 (fr) 1989-12-27

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