EP0258090B1 - Statischer Auslöser für Leistungsschalter mit elektronischer Kontaktabnutzungsanzeige - Google Patents

Statischer Auslöser für Leistungsschalter mit elektronischer Kontaktabnutzungsanzeige Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0258090B1
EP0258090B1 EP87401714A EP87401714A EP0258090B1 EP 0258090 B1 EP0258090 B1 EP 0258090B1 EP 87401714 A EP87401714 A EP 87401714A EP 87401714 A EP87401714 A EP 87401714A EP 0258090 B1 EP0258090 B1 EP 0258090B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
wear
value
current
microprocessor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87401714A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0258090A1 (de
Inventor
Luc Weynachter
Vincent Corcoles
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Merlin Gerin SA
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Merlin Gerin SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Merlin Gerin SA filed Critical Merlin Gerin SA
Priority to AT87401714T priority Critical patent/ATE74238T1/de
Publication of EP0258090A1 publication Critical patent/EP0258090A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0258090B1 publication Critical patent/EP0258090B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator

Definitions

  • Circuit breakers often include an insulating envelope, in particular a molded case, which ensures high reliability, but this envelope annoys users accustomed to verifying the state of the contacts of circuit breakers by visual examination. Such a verification is frequent in low-voltage circuit breakers of large size of the open type, which are arranged for disassembly and replacement of the worn contacts. It is important to detect the wear of the contacts in time if we want to avoid the destruction of the entire device and this verification. should be easy and avoid, especially disassembly of parts.
  • Circuit breakers are often equipped with a counter indicating the number of operations and therefore the degree of mechanical wear of the device, but this indication is insufficient to know the wear of the contacts, an opening on short-circuit producing a contact erosion significantly greater than that of a simple cut of the nominal current.
  • a mechanical contact associated with the contacts of the switching device sends a read signal from a memory the data input of which is connected to a current measurement device and the output provides a wear value associated with the current measured at the time of reading.
  • the wear values read in the memory are added together to provide a value representative of the degree of wear of the contacts. If this type of device is used in connection with a circuit breaker, a significant amount of time may elapse between sending a trip order to the circuit breaker and opening the contacts, and it is obvious that the value of the current measured at the time of reading the memory does not correspond to the peak value of the current.
  • EP-A-0147.592 a device in which a microprocessor calculates a value representative of the degree of wear of the contacts from the value i of the current during the breaking and of the number n of breaking by forming l 'integral ⁇ indt, and causing tripping of the circuit breaker when this value is greater than a predetermined threshold.
  • the present invention aims to allow an indication of the degree of wear of the contacts of a circuit breaker without disassembly of this last taking into account the maximum current value during the cut-off time.
  • the trip device is characterized in that the digital processing assembly includes a microprocessor and provides a long delay trip function and / or a short delay trip function, developing a trip order for the circuit breaker, during a exceeding of predetermined thresholds by the current, said order being timed as a function of the value of the signal, and a circuit breaker tripping means being activated by said tripping order, the value of the cut current being the maximum value obtained by comparison, by the microprocessor, between the successive values of said digitized signal which are applied to it between the elaboration of the tripping order of the circuit breaker and the actual opening of the contacts.
  • the trip device In the case of a static trip device, it is advantageous for the trip device to have the peak value of the current cut at each cut.
  • the indication of wear is then particularly simple.
  • the microprocessor can, by comparison with a wear curve entered in a memory, establish the corresponding wear value of the contacts. It suffices to add these wear values to know the general state of the contacts, this state being permanently displayed or preferably on demand, possibly remotely.
  • An alarm or self-protection device by tripping of the circuit breaker can intervene when the degree of wear exceeds a predetermined threshold, the exceeding of the threshold being advantageously observed by the microprocessor itself.
  • the wear indication is not an absolutely exact measurement, other factors than the cut-off peak value, such as the quality of the contact materials, the speed of contact separation or the speed of displacement of the arc, having an influence on the wear of the contacts.
  • the precision is sufficient to be able to set an acceptable threshold below which the contacts can in no case be worn.
  • a verification for example visual, is required and the user can decide to replace the worn contacts or maintain them depending on the circuit breaker if the contacts are only partially worn, by raising the threshold by a value depending on the state of the contacts. Assessing the value of this threshold requires some experience and, of course, more careful monitoring afterwards.
  • the wear indicator according to the invention has the advantage of using the components of the digital static trip device, the capacity of the microprocessor being sufficient to process this additional function.
  • the wear curve which of course depends on the type of circuit breaker, can be easily memorized during the customization of the trip device, in particular when setting the other trip operating values and thresholds.
  • the wear curve is a function of the maximum current cut, and microprocessor processing is considerably simplified by admitting a discrete variation, this approximation being perfectly compatible with the required precision.
  • the wear curve is a stepped curve, which makes it possible to take account of all the singular phenomena and to easily modify the curve.
  • an electrical distribution network with 3 conductors R, S, T, for supplying a load comprises a circuit breaker 10 capable of interrupting the circuit in the open position.
  • the mechanism 12 of the circuit breaker 10 is controlled by a polarized relay 14 for controlling tripping of the circuit breaker in the event of an overload or short-circuit.
  • An auxiliary contact 16, associated with the main contacts of the circuit breaker 10 indicates the position of these main contacts.
  • Each conductor R, S, T is associated with a current transformer 18 which delivers a signal proportional to the current flowing through the associated conductor, this signal being applied to a full-wave rectifier bridge 20.
  • the outputs of the 3 rectifier bridges 20 are connected in series in a circuit comprising a resistor 22, a Zener diode 24 and a diode 26 to make appear at the terminals of the resistor 22 a voltage signal proportional to the maximum value of the current flowing through the conductors R, S, T and at the terminals of the diode 24, a supply voltage of the electronic circuits.
  • the voltage signal is applied to the input of an amplifier 28, the output of which is connected to an analog-digital converter 30.
  • the output of the analog-to-digital converter 30 is connected to an input output 1 of a microprocessor 32.
  • the microprocessor 32 further comprises an output 2 connected to the polarized relay 14, an input 3 receiving the signals from a clock 34, an input 4 connected to a keyboard 36, an input 6 connected to a ROM 38, an input / output 5 connected to a non-volatile NOVRAM memory 40, an output 7 connected to a display device 42 and an input 8 connected to the auxiliary contact 16.
  • the trip device according to FIG. 1 provides the protection function, in particular the long delay trip and / or the short delay trip respectively during an overload and a fault appearing in the circuit of the conductors R, S, T. It is useless to describe in detail this protective function specified in the French patent application N ° 85 03159 of February 25, 1985.
  • the digital signal representative of the maximum value of the current in the conductors R, S, T is applied to input 1 of microprocessor 32 and compared with threshold values stored in a memory to detect any exceeding of these thresholds and generate a delayed or instantaneous tripping order, which is transmitted to relay 14 to cause the opening of the circuit breaker 10.
  • the trip unit can of course perform other functions, in particular earth protection or instantaneous trip.
  • the invention can be used in any type of static microprocessor trigger and is in no way limited to the trigger of the type described above.
  • the current detection means may include current sensors supplying analog signals representative of the derivative of the current di / dt and the output of which is connected to integrating circuits, the output signals of the integrator circuits being transmitted to the microprocessor via an analog-digital converter.
  • the trip unit performs a maintenance function by developing and displaying a value representative of the degree of wear of the contacts. Calculation and tests have shown that each time the circuit breaker is opened, the contacts wear out, the greater the wear, the greater the maximum value of the cut current.
  • FIG. 2 shows by way of example a curve indicating the number N of possible breaker openings as a function of the maximum value of the cut current. This curve is of course valid for a certain type of circuit breaker and we see that after two power outages greater than 64,000 amperes, the contacts are completely worn. If, on the other hand, the cut currents are notably lower, for example between 250 and 500 amperes, the wear of the contacts will only occur after 4000 opening operations.
  • This curve is of course a continuous function, but the step representation according to FIG. 2 facilitates processing by microprocessor. Processing by microprocessor is further facilitated if the value of the current of a given level corresponds to twice the value of the current of the level immediately below, as on the curve represented in FIG. 2.
  • the use of a stepped curve determined experimentally, moreover makes it easy to take into account all the singular phenomena which can be revealed for certain values of the current. It is therefore very easy to modify the correspondence table from time to time if necessary and to adapt the curve to the different types of devices.
  • the microprocessor 32 of the digital static trip device described above is particularly suitable for the realization of this function, the capacities of the microprocessor being generally superabundant in such static trip devices.
  • the maximum value reached by the current during the cut-off is preferably displayed so as to provide the user with an indication of the peak value reached during a trip.
  • the correspondence between the maximum values of the cut current I and the wear value 100 / N is incorporated in the ROM memory 38 connected to the input 6 of the microprocessor 32. In the case where the successive values of the current steps are in a ratio of 2, the correspondence table can be simplified, only the successive values of the wear values having to be stored in the ROM memory 38. In the NOVRAM memory 40 are added and stored the successive wear values and this stored value can be displayed on the display device 42 upon actuation of a maintenance button 44 belonging to the keyboard 36.
  • the flowchart shown in Figure 3 illustrates the maintenance function according to the invention.
  • the tripping order produced by the microprocessor triggers a subroutine consisting in measuring the maximum value I of the cut current from the values supplied by the analog-digital converter 30 on input 1 of the microprocessor 32.
  • the circuit breaker 10 is opened by manual opening or by actuation of a handle or a joystick, the auxiliary contact 16 closes and sends a signal to the input 8 of the microprocessor 32.
  • This signal opening circuit breaker 10 also triggers the subroutine for measuring the maximum value of the cut current.
  • the auxiliary contact 16 also sends a signal to the input 8 when the triggering is automatically controlled by the microprocessor.
  • this signal is not taken into account by the microprocessor which has started measuring the maximum value of the cut current as soon as the trip order is sent.
  • the maximum duration of the cut-off is known, from the sending of the triggering order by the microprocessor and the subroutine for measuring the maximum value of the cut current takes into account all the values of the current supplied to the microprocessor for a predetermined time corresponding to this maximum duration from the sending of the triggering order in the case of an automatic opening or from the reception by the microprocessor of a signal on its entry 8 in the case of manual opening.
  • the microprocessor 32 acquires from the ROM memory 38 the wear value corresponding to this maximum value I and adds this wear value to the content of the NOVRAM memory 40.
  • This program takes place at each opening of the circuit breaker 10 and the values of corresponding wear are added to the NOVRAM 40 memory.
  • the content of the NOVRAM 40 memory is displayed by pressing a button 44 on the keyboard 36 which initiates a cycle of interrogation of the NOVRAM 40 memory and transfer to the device display 42 of the content of this memory 40.
  • the display can of course be permanent, but such a display is of no great interest, the monitoring intervening only periodically especially after trips and large short-circuit current cuts .
  • the user is assured of the correct operation of the circuit breaker, the contacts not being completely worn.
  • a verification of the state of the contacts is essential, this verification being either carried out by the user himself, or by a maintenance specialist who, by visual examination of the contacts or by any other means , can obtain confirmation of the wear of the contacts or possibly note that the wear reached does not yet affect the proper functioning of the circuit breaker. This imprecision is due to external conditions affecting the wear of the contacts and which are difficult to calculate by the microprocessor. Further study of the contact wear factors can reduce this inaccuracy but at the expense of the simplicity of the device.
  • the main interest of the wear indicator according to the invention is to free the user from any monitoring constraint and from any uncertainty for a period relatively long. At the end of this period, a check is required and if the user decides to replace the contacts, he again has a period of the same duration before any further examination.
  • the display device 42 can of course be associated or incorporated an alarm device signaling the crossing of the predetermined wear threshold to signal the user of the obligation to check.
  • the alarm signal can also cause the circuit breaker 10 to open, possibly with an indication of the cause of this opening.
  • the correspondence values between the interrupted currents and the wear of the contacts obviously depend on the type of circuit breaker and these different values can be stored in different ROM memories 38, the appropriate memory being associated with the trip device when the latter is mounted on the corresponding circuit breaker. It is also possible to enter these values when programming the microprocessor 32. Manual opening of the circuit breaker 10 by cutting the nominal current causes reduced wear of the contacts and in a simplified installation, it is possible to neglect this wear. It is then possible to delete the auxiliary contact 16, the microprocessor 32 having the tripping information of the circuit breaker 10 which it transmitted itself to the polarized relay 14. The relationship between the wear value of the contacts and the current cut can also be translated by a mathematical relation supplied to microprocessor 32, which is then capable of directly calculating the wear value.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Auslöser für einen Leistungsschalter mit trennbaren Kontaktstücken, welcher aufweist:
- einen Detektorschaltkreis (18,20), der ein analoges Signal erzeugt, das dem in der von dem Leistungsschalter abgesicherten Leitung fliessenden Strom proportional ist,
- einen Analog-Digital-Umformer (30) mit einem Eingang, dem das genannte analoge Signal zugeführt wird, und einem Ausgang, der ein entsprechendes, in einen digitalen Zahlenwert umgeformtes Abtastsignal abgibt,
- und eine digitale Verarbeitungseinheit, der das digitalisierte Signal zugeführt wird, wobei die digitale Verarbeitungseinheit Mittel aufweist, die bei jedem Oeffnen des Leistungsschalters den Abschaltstromwert erfassen, eine Einrichtung, die bei jedem Oeffnungsbefehl in Abhängigkeit vom genannten Stromwert einen die Kontaktabnutzung darstellenden und durch die Abschaltung des genannten Stromes bedingten Abbrandwert ermittelt, und eine Einrichtung zur Summierung und Speicherung der genannten, einen Hinweis auf den Abnutzungsgrad der genannten Kontaktstücke bildenden Abbrandwerte in einem Speicher (40); Auslöser, der dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die digitale Verarbeitungseinheit einen Mikroprozessor (32) aufweist und die Funktion einer langverzögerten Auslösung und/oder die Funktion einer kurzverzögerten Auslösung erfüllt, indem sie einen Leistungsschalter-Auslösebefehl erzeugt, sobald vom Strom vorbestimmte Schwellwerte überschritten werden, wobei der genannte Befehl in Abhängigkeit vom Signalwert verzögert wird, und eine Einrichtung (12,14) zur Leistungsschalterauslösung, die vom genannten Auslösebefehl aktiviert wird, wobei der Wert des Abschaltstromes der vom Mikroprozessor (32) durch Vergleich erhaltene Höchstwert unter den ihm zwischen dem Abgeben des Leistungsschalter-Auslösebefehls und dem tatsächlichen Oeffnen der Kontakte zugeführten Folgewerten des genannten digitalisierten Signals ist.
2. Auslöser nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet,dass der Höchstwert des Abschaltstromes dadurch erhalten wird, dass die aufeinanderfolgenden Werte des digitalisierten Signals während einer vorbestimmten, der Höchstdauer der Abschaltung entsprechenden und dem Abgeben des Auslösebefehls folgenden Zeitdauer verglichen werden.
3. Statischer Auslöser nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die den Abbrandwert als Funktion des Abbrandwertes als Funktion des Maximalwertes des Abschaltstromes darstellende Kurve eine stufenförmige Kurve ist.
4. Statischer Auslöser nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannten Einrichtungen zur Wertermittlung, Summierung und Speicherung in dem genannten Mikroprozessor (32) enthalten sind, der einen nichtflüchtigen Speicher, NOVRAM (40), aufweist, der bei jedem Oeffnen des Leistungsschalters um den entsprechenden genannten Abbrandwert vermehrt wird.
5. Statischer Auslöser nach irgendeinem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er einen die Oeffnung der Leistungsschalterkontakte (10) erfassenden Detektor (16) aufweist, der im Falle einer manuellen Oeffnung des Leistungsschalters eine Unterbrechung des Mikroprozessors (32) verursacht, während der der entsprechende Abbrandwert ermittelt und dem genannten NOVRAM-Speicher (40) hinzugezählt wird.
6. Statischer Auslöser nach einem der Ansprüche 4 und 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er ein Kommando (44) zur Abfrage des genannten Mikroprozessors (32) aufweist, um den im genannten NOVRAM-Speicher (40) gespeicherten Abbrandwert abzufragen und anzuzeigen.
7. Statischer Auslöser nach irgendeinem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er eine Signal- und/oder Alarmvorrichtung aufweist, die aktiv wird, sobald der gespeicherte Abbrandwert einen vorbestimmten Schwellwert überschreitet.
8. Statischer Auslöser nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Signalvorrichtung entsprechend ausgebildet ist, um die Auslösung des Leistungsschalters (10) zu verursachen.
EP87401714A 1986-08-08 1987-07-20 Statischer Auslöser für Leistungsschalter mit elektronischer Kontaktabnutzungsanzeige Expired - Lifetime EP0258090B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87401714T ATE74238T1 (de) 1986-08-08 1987-07-20 Statischer ausloeser fuer leistungsschalter mit elektronischer kontaktabnutzungsanzeige.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8611612 1986-08-08
FR8611612A FR2602610B1 (fr) 1986-08-08 1986-08-08 Declencheur statique d'un disjoncteur electrique a indicateur d'usure des contacts

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0258090A1 EP0258090A1 (de) 1988-03-02
EP0258090B1 true EP0258090B1 (de) 1992-03-25

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EP87401714A Expired - Lifetime EP0258090B1 (de) 1986-08-08 1987-07-20 Statischer Auslöser für Leistungsschalter mit elektronischer Kontaktabnutzungsanzeige

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US (1) US4780786A (de)
EP (1) EP0258090B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2735549B2 (de)
CN (1) CN1008957B (de)
AT (1) ATE74238T1 (de)
CA (1) CA1287392C (de)
DE (1) DE3777726D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2030749T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2602610B1 (de)
IN (1) IN169848B (de)
SG (1) SG134292G (de)
YU (1) YU46905B (de)
ZA (1) ZA875742B (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE74238T1 (de) 1992-04-15
JPS63121422A (ja) 1988-05-25
CN87105402A (zh) 1988-02-17
FR2602610B1 (fr) 1994-05-20
JP2735549B2 (ja) 1998-04-02
YU148287A (en) 1989-12-31
ZA875742B (en) 1988-03-30
CA1287392C (en) 1991-08-06
ES2030749T3 (es) 1992-11-16
FR2602610A1 (fr) 1988-02-12
DE3777726D1 (de) 1992-04-30
IN169848B (de) 1991-12-28
SG134292G (en) 1993-03-12
CN1008957B (zh) 1990-07-25
US4780786A (en) 1988-10-25
YU46905B (sh) 1994-06-24
EP0258090A1 (de) 1988-03-02

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