EP0262505A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour revêtir un substrat en mouvement d'une matière comprenant un solvant - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour revêtir un substrat en mouvement d'une matière comprenant un solvant Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0262505A2
EP0262505A2 EP87113454A EP87113454A EP0262505A2 EP 0262505 A2 EP0262505 A2 EP 0262505A2 EP 87113454 A EP87113454 A EP 87113454A EP 87113454 A EP87113454 A EP 87113454A EP 0262505 A2 EP0262505 A2 EP 0262505A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
coating agent
carrier material
substrate web
drying
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87113454A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0262505B1 (fr
EP0262505A3 (en
Inventor
Ralph Pagendarm
Albert Hebels
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pagendarm Te Hamburg Bondsrepubliek Duitslan GmbH
Original Assignee
Pagendarm Beschichtungstechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pagendarm Beschichtungstechnik GmbH filed Critical Pagendarm Beschichtungstechnik GmbH
Publication of EP0262505A2 publication Critical patent/EP0262505A2/fr
Publication of EP0262505A3 publication Critical patent/EP0262505A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0262505B1 publication Critical patent/EP0262505B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/04—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
    • B05D3/0466—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases the gas being a non-reacting gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C1/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating
    • B05C1/04—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length
    • B05C1/14—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a travelling band
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C9/00—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important
    • B05C9/06—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying two different liquids or other fluent materials, or the same liquid or other fluent material twice, to the same side of the work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C9/00—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important
    • B05C9/08—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying liquid or other fluent material and performing an auxiliary operation
    • B05C9/14—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying liquid or other fluent material and performing an auxiliary operation the auxiliary operation involving heating or cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/28—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by transfer from the surfaces of elements carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. brushes, pads, rollers
    • B05D1/286—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by transfer from the surfaces of elements carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. brushes, pads, rollers using a temporary backing to which the coating has been applied

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for coating a moving carrier material with a coating agent containing a solvent, the solvent being expelled and recovered by drying the coated carrier material within an inert gas atmosphere.
  • the invention also relates to a device for coating a moving carrier material with a coating agent containing a solvent, with a space which receives the carrier material, is sealed against the atmosphere and is acted upon by an inert gas and is in operative connection with a solvent recovery unit.
  • an inert gas such as nitrogen (N2) has recently been used to dry and expel the solvent contained in the coating agent instead of air or an oxygen-containing atmosphere.
  • N2 nitrogen
  • This procedure used for the direct coating of a carrier material requires a particularly gas-tight dryer construction in order to avoid unacceptably high nitrogen losses.
  • Critical points in this sense are, in particular, the passage slots for the carrier material in the drying chamber, in that, for example, the carrier material coated in an application chamber with the still liquid coating agent enters the drying chamber.
  • drying devices of known coating systems are susceptible to recurring web tears of the carrier material within the dryer, which subsequently has to be opened for cleaning, which however requires a previous total nitrogen purge of the solvent inert gas atmosphere contained in the dryer. Large amounts of the expensive nitrogen are consumed in the process.
  • the invention is based on the object of taking measures which considerably reduce the drying gas consumption or drying gas losses, as a result of which the economy of the coating process or the recovery of the solvent is improved.
  • Further measures to increase the effectiveness of the coating process consist in joint pre-coating and drying of several interlayer carriers in the inert gas atmosphere and in that the coating of the substrate web is carried out by gradually transferring several layers of the coating agent from the interlayer carrier to the substrate web.
  • the substrate web is provided with a base layer of the coating agent by direct coating before the layers are transferred through the intermediate layer carrier.
  • the apparatus for carrying out the method described is designed such that the closed space has an application chamber and a drying chamber compartment for receiving a first carrier material designed as an intermediate layer support, which is led out of the drying chamber compartment and outside the room in a transfer zone of the coating agent with a second Carrier material designed as a substrate web can be brought into contact.
  • the intensity of the drying and recovery of the solvent can be further improved by dividing the drying chamber compartment of the room into several successive drying chambers and by providing a plurality of interlayer supports arranged one above the other in the room.
  • a substrate coating unit and a drying chamber for applying or solidifying a first layer of the coating agent are expediently assigned to the substrate web.
  • the advantage achieved by the invention is that the first carrier material, which is moved in the absence of air in the inert gas atmosphere, is led out at the end in a defined geometric orientation from the drying chamber compartment, at which the coating agent has already dried, so that a simple, yet reliable and sensitive mechanical lock in the form of a largely gastight, flexible sealing sheet, for example made of Teflon or the like, can be used.
  • purging by means of nitrogen, opening and cleaning of the drying space is avoided in the event of substrate defects or substrate web tears of the second or final carrier material, since they can take place and be remedied outside the inert gas atmosphere, so that the gas consumption of the expensive nitrogen is considerably reduced.
  • a primary coating unit 2 designed as a direct coating unit and an intermediate coating unit 3 are provided as main units.
  • the intermediate coating unit 3 has a self-contained space 4 which is largely sealed off from the atmosphere and which contains a plurality, in the present case four intermediate coating partial units 6 to 9 arranged one above the other, each of which has an intermediate layer carrier 11 formed as an endlessly circulating carrier tape, the carrier material of which on the one hand have the necessary wetting properties for coating with the coating agent and, on the other hand, the rejection properties necessary for the subsequent transfer or delivery of the intermediate layers formed.
  • the space 4 is divided into an application chamber 12 and a drying chamber compartment 13.
  • the application chamber 12 contains, for each intermediate layer support 11, an application means 14 consisting of known elements for liquid coating of the intermediate layer supports 11.
  • the drying chamber compartment 13 is divided into four drying chambers 16, 17, 18, 19 , through which all interlayer supports are passed and which are in operative connection with a solvent recovery unit 21 in the form of a condenser, the arrows 22 entering the drying chambers supplying an inert gas in the form of nitrogen (N2) and the exiting arrows 23 the with which from the Coating agent driven solvent show loaded nitrogen, from which the solvent in condenser 21 is recovered.
  • Thin layers of the coating agent are applied to the continuously rotating intermediate layer supports 11 in the application chamber 12 by the application means 14 and dried and solidified during the conveying movement through the drying chambers 16 to 19 under the action of the heated nitrogen atmosphere by expelling the solvent.
  • the individual intermediate layer supports 11 are led out of the space 4 on one side, ie in the area of the last drying chamber 19, forming a contact or transfer zone 24 for transferring the dried and solidified intermediate layers of the intermediate layer supports 11.
  • the substrate web 1 which runs from a supply roll 26 in the first coating unit and rolls up onto a winding roll 27, is provided by an application means 28 directly in the form of a liquid application with a first layer of the coating agent, which is dried and solidified within a drying chamber 29 and thereby an intimate connection with the substrate of the substrate web 1.
  • the intermediate layers of the coating agent in the present case the adhesive agent, adhering to the intermediate layer carriers 11 are successively transferred to the precoated substrate web 1, which is guided along the intermediate carriers 11 and is precoated, and the final adhesive layer is thus built up to its full thickness.
  • Guide rollers 31 of the substrate web and deflection rollers 32 of the carrier webs of the intermediate layer carriers 11 are used for contacting the interlayer carrier 11 and the substrate web 2.

Landscapes

  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
EP87113454A 1986-09-30 1987-09-15 Procédé et dispositif pour revêtir un substrat en mouvement d'une matière comprenant un solvant Expired - Lifetime EP0262505B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863633106 DE3633106A1 (de) 1986-09-30 1986-09-30 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum beschichten eines bewegten traegermaterials mit einem ein loesemittel enthaltenden beschichtungsmittel
DE3633106 1986-09-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0262505A2 true EP0262505A2 (fr) 1988-04-06
EP0262505A3 EP0262505A3 (en) 1988-09-07
EP0262505B1 EP0262505B1 (fr) 1990-12-05

Family

ID=6310623

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87113454A Expired - Lifetime EP0262505B1 (fr) 1986-09-30 1987-09-15 Procédé et dispositif pour revêtir un substrat en mouvement d'une matière comprenant un solvant

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4764402A (fr)
EP (1) EP0262505B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3633106A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2019085B3 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5487780A (en) * 1993-02-19 1996-01-30 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company Apparatus for applying coating materials to overlapped individual sheets

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4009797A1 (de) * 1990-03-27 1991-10-02 Pagendarm Gmbh Verfahren und anordnung zum kondensieren von dampffoermigen substanzen
DE9007649U1 (de) * 1990-04-14 1993-07-08 Pagendarm GmbH, 2000 Hamburg Vorrichtung zum Behandeln einer beschichteten Substratbahn
US5085167A (en) * 1990-07-27 1992-02-04 Pagendarm Gmbh Apparatus for applying coating material to a substrate
US5885722A (en) * 1994-02-15 1999-03-23 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Method for applying coating materials to overlapped individuals sheets
US6517900B1 (en) 1994-08-17 2003-02-11 3M Innovative Properties Company Apparatus and method for applying coating materials to individual sheet members
US6682598B1 (en) 2001-10-01 2004-01-27 Electronic Circuit Systems Apparatus for casting and drying ceramic tape
US7067010B2 (en) * 2002-04-05 2006-06-27 Biddle Harold A Indexing spray machine
JP4059709B2 (ja) * 2002-05-29 2008-03-12 富士フイルム株式会社 薄膜塗布方法及びその装置
DE10242010A1 (de) * 2002-09-11 2004-03-25 Voith Paper Patent Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Medienauftrag auf einen sich bewegenden Untergrund
US20090308860A1 (en) * 2008-06-11 2009-12-17 Applied Materials, Inc. Short thermal profile oven useful for screen printing
ES2625072T3 (es) 2011-08-11 2017-07-18 Avery Dennison Corporation Secador de placas y método de secado de revestimientos a base de disolvente

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1752337A1 (de) * 1968-05-10 1971-05-19 Erich Pagendarm Anlage fuer die Beschichtung diffusionsfreundlicher Kleb- und Farbstoffe u.dgl.
CA1065596A (fr) * 1974-11-27 1979-11-06 Gerhart P. Klein Appareil et methode pour deposer un materiau sur un substract
US4269139A (en) * 1975-12-19 1981-05-26 Technicon Instruments Corporation Transfer apparatus
DE2619313C3 (de) * 1976-04-30 1981-01-22 Graphische Verfahrenstechnik Klaus- P. Dotzel Kg, 6380 Bad Homburg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Lackieren von Flachmaterial mit photopolymerisierbaren Lacken
NL7609250A (nl) * 1976-08-20 1978-02-22 Oce Van Der Grinten Nv Drooginrichting.
AU511678B2 (en) * 1977-08-29 1980-08-28 Airco Inc. Recovering solvents from drying ovens
DE2821395C2 (de) * 1978-05-16 1982-11-11 Beiersdorf Ag, 2000 Hamburg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Beschichten von Bahnen mit lösungsmittelhaltigen Beschichtungsmassen, insbesondere Selbstklebemassen
GB2035203A (en) * 1978-11-22 1980-06-18 Sachs Systemtechnik Gmbh Method of and apparatus for producing thick contact-adhesive layers
LU84911A1 (fr) * 1983-07-14 1985-04-17 Cockerill Sambre Sa Procede et installation de cuisson d'un revetement organique applique sur un support
DE3520046A1 (de) * 1985-06-04 1986-12-04 Euro-Composites S.A., Echternach Verfahren und vorrichtung zur loesungsmittelrueckgewinnung bei der herstellung von wabenstrukturen

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5487780A (en) * 1993-02-19 1996-01-30 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company Apparatus for applying coating materials to overlapped individual sheets
US6254678B1 (en) 1993-02-19 2001-07-03 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company Apparatus for applying coating materials to overlapped individual sheets

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3766580D1 (de) 1991-01-17
DE3633106A1 (de) 1988-03-31
EP0262505B1 (fr) 1990-12-05
ES2019085B3 (es) 1991-06-01
EP0262505A3 (en) 1988-09-07
US4764402A (en) 1988-08-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0262505B1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif pour revêtir un substrat en mouvement d'une matière comprenant un solvant
EP0050794A1 (fr) Feuille de laque transférable et procédé pour sa fabrication
DE1925582A1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trennen von Stoffgemischen in ihre Bestandteile mittels Diffusion
DE3038791A1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trocknen von loesungsmittelhaltigem material
DE2312357A1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung einer kontinuierlichen rolle selbstklebender etikette
EP0297422B1 (fr) Dispositif de revêtement électrostatique d'objets plats
EP0270833B1 (fr) Procédé et appareil pour l'application d'un revêtement sur un substrat
DE122856T1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen ueberziehen eines bleches mit einem oxydierbaren ueberzug.
EP0203171B1 (fr) Feuille a deux surfaces essentiellement planes et paralleles ainsi que procede et dispositif pour sa fabrication
DE2724565A1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zur beschichtung eines schlauch- oder rohrfoermigen koerpers
CH682256A5 (fr)
DE1577811C3 (de) Vorrichtung zum Beschichten von flachen, ebenen Schichttragern mit einer Flüssigkeit
EP0826433A3 (fr) Procédé et appareil pour revêtir l'intérieur d'une bouteille de gaz
EP1872417B1 (fr) Procede et dispositif pour produire des composants electroniques
DE1941412A1 (de) Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung einer flexiblen poroesen Mehrschichtwerkstoffbahn mit hochglaenzender Aussenflaeche
DE4012176A1 (de) Vorrichtung zum behandeln einer beschichteten substratbahn
DE69217384T2 (de) Verbesserungen in bezug auf ein verfahren und eine vorrichtung zur beschichtung von gegenständen
DE2318075C3 (de) Vorrichtung zum Einbringen aktiver Masse in poröse Elektrodengerüste für galvanische Elemente
AT388073B (de) Einrichtung zum abdecken von teilen von leiterplatten
DE4236299C2 (de) Abdichtvorrichtung am Einlauf und/oder Auslauf eines Schwebetrockners für Warenbahnen
AT202234B (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen einer Emissionsschicht auf den Schichtträger von mittelbar geheizten Glühkathoden elektrischer Entladungsröhren
DE3010305C2 (fr)
DE2323878A1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zum beschichten von metallsubstraten
DE1692890C3 (de) Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Tabakfolie
DE1521508C (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung dunner Metallschichten im Tauchverfahren

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19890224

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19900129

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3766580

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19910117

ET Fr: translation filed
NLT1 Nl: modifications of names registered in virtue of documents presented to the patent office pursuant to art. 16 a, paragraph 1

Owner name: PAGENDARM GMBH TE HAMBURG, BONDSREPUBLIEK DUITSLAN

ITTA It: last paid annual fee
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19960810

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19960827

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19960923

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 19960927

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19960930

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19961120

Year of fee payment: 10

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19970915

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF THE APPLICANT RENOUNCES

Effective date: 19970916

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19970930

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY

Effective date: 19970930

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19970930

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19980401

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19970915

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 19980401

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19980603

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20001102

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050915