EP0263300A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'un ressort hélicoidal - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'un ressort hélicoidal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0263300A1
EP0263300A1 EP87112672A EP87112672A EP0263300A1 EP 0263300 A1 EP0263300 A1 EP 0263300A1 EP 87112672 A EP87112672 A EP 87112672A EP 87112672 A EP87112672 A EP 87112672A EP 0263300 A1 EP0263300 A1 EP 0263300A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rod
spring
heating
winding
austenite phase
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87112672A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Josef Dipl.-Ing. Wienand
Horst Dipl.-Ing. Beihammer
Werner Nitschke
Berthold Kühnert
Klaus Broscheit
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Krupp Bruninghaus GmbH
Original Assignee
Krupp Bruninghaus GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Krupp Bruninghaus GmbH filed Critical Krupp Bruninghaus GmbH
Publication of EP0263300A1 publication Critical patent/EP0263300A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F3/00—Coiling wire into particular forms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/02—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for producing a coil spring from a rod or wire made of spring steel with a constant circular cross section by heating the rod to austenitizing temperature, winding the rod in the stable austenite phase (at austenitizing temperature), hardening the spring thus formed by quenching in a suitable medium, such as oil or water, and tempering the hardened spring.
  • thermoformed coil springs which are mainly made from steels according to DIN 17 221.
  • the primary material used in this case is unrefined, rolled, drawn, ground or turned round steel in rod form with diameters of approx. 8 - 60 mm.
  • the rods are usually austenitized in natural gas-heated, temperature-controlled walking beam furnaces, i.e., heated to temperatures between 820 and 860 ° C depending on the steel composition. This temperature range is also the one in which the springs are first formed and from which they are quenched or hardened in oil immediately after the shaping.
  • the shaping itself takes place on winding machines, in which the rod material is wound around a shaft, the so-called winding mandrel.
  • a guide roller arranged parallel to the winding mandrel and having a helical groove for guiding the spring bar is often used to control the pitch of the windings.
  • HTMB high-temperature thermomechanical treatment. It is about the sensible combination of a heat treatment with a deformation of the material, e.g. It is used for the so-called controlled rolling of high-strength, weldable sheets.
  • Controlled rolling is a treatment of the steel in which the final rolling temperature and the degree of deformation are set so that they lead to recrystallization with the finest possible austenite grain.
  • the deformation of the stable austenite is followed by a targeted cooling of the rolling stock with conversion in the pearlite, intermediate or martensite stage.
  • the favorable mechanical properties of a steel after HTM treatment result mainly from the grain refinement achieved with it, which is expressed in particular in the significantly improved toughness behavior and at the same time increased yield strength of the material.
  • significantly higher strengths can be achieved with an HTM-treated steel that is also converted in the martensite stage with the same toughness.
  • HTM-treated steel also has extremely fine and evenly distributed carbide deposits. It is highly resistant to brittle fracture and has an often usable texture.
  • the relationship between the yield point 6, a steel and its grain size is mentioned by the well-known and experimentally often confirmed Hall-Petch equation described.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method with a device with which a substantial improvement in the mechanical properties of the material can be achieved in the case of thermoformed coil springs.
  • This object is achieved in that after heating and before winding in the stable austenite phase by rotating about its longitudinal axis, plastic deformation is forced while maintaining its outer shape.
  • all conditions for an optimal thermomechanical treatment are fulfilled, namely the heating of the rod material to the austenitizing temperature, the necessary strong plastic deformation of the austenitized rod and the - rapid cooling of the wound spring in an oil bath to convert the structure in the martensite stage.
  • a y R of 0.45 is to be realized with a rod with a diameter of 12.5 mm and a length of 2800 mm, with dimensions such as those found in common automobile chassis coil springs, then it can be calculated that its two ends are around 32 revolutions must be turned against each other.
  • P is the angle of rotation and n is the number of revolutions.
  • the described grain refinement is the most important but not the only advantage that the twisting of the austenitized spring bars brings.
  • This treatment also has a very positive effect on the durability of the springs due to the helical alignment of the grains (texture) in the rods.
  • the twisting treatment also proves to be extremely useful in that the glow skin formed on the bars during the heating by oxidation completely flakes off.
  • the glow skin will only come loose when the springs are wound, i.e. when the springs are shaped. Experience has shown that it is partially rolled into the rod surface, leaving harmful notches.
  • the torsion treatment creates internal stresses in the spring bars, which, as tests have shown, lead to springback or. Reverse effects lead. If, for example, a compression spring with a pitch to the right is formed from a spring bar that has been turned to the right, then as a result of the spring-back in the hardened state, it has significantly larger turns than specified by the winding tool (the guide roller). If, on the other hand, a compression spring with a left-hand pitch is wound from a "clockwise" rod, this results in turn spacings that are smaller than those in the guide roller. The total length or total height of the spring is thus larger in the first example and smaller than the predetermined one in the second case.
  • the springback effect of the twisted rods can be used to advantage in many ways. Among other things, this makes it possible for the first time to manufacture thermoformed compression springs with considerable internal preload.
  • the twisting device according to FIG. 2 consists of two drive units 10 with clamping elements 11 (gripping claws) and is also a heating device at the same time.
  • the electrical current is fed to the rod 12 treated therein via the tensioning elements 11.
  • the drive units 10 are displaceably arranged on guide rails 13 for the purpose of adaptation to different rod lengths. Particularly advantageous with this connection of heating and deformation is the possibility of leaving the spring rod 12 in the device for a certain small period of time at a constant temperature after twisting , with the aim of obtaining an optimally fine-grained structure during the recrystallization of the material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
EP87112672A 1986-09-29 1987-08-31 Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'un ressort hélicoidal Withdrawn EP0263300A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863633058 DE3633058C1 (de) 1986-09-29 1986-09-29 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer Schraubenfeder
DE3633058 1986-09-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0263300A1 true EP0263300A1 (fr) 1988-04-13

Family

ID=6310598

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87112672A Withdrawn EP0263300A1 (fr) 1986-09-29 1987-08-31 Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'un ressort hélicoidal

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0263300A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3633058C1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0526689A1 (fr) * 1991-07-23 1993-02-10 Krupp Brüninghaus GmbH Procédé de fabrication de ressort de compression hélicoidal
WO2004087968A3 (fr) * 2003-04-04 2005-04-28 Thyssen Krupp Automotive Ag Procede de traitement thermo-mecanique de l'acier
CN1332058C (zh) * 2003-01-10 2007-08-15 西北工业大学 棒状超细晶材料的制备方法
CN101956777A (zh) * 2009-07-14 2011-01-26 上海中洲特种合金材料有限公司 镍基合金圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧的热处理方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014214592B4 (de) * 2014-07-24 2018-07-12 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Schraubenfeder aus Federstahl und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schraubenfeder

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2082580A (en) * 1933-10-24 1937-06-01 Spencer Mfg Company Bodies for withstanding alternating stresses and manufacture thereof
DE676746C (de) * 1935-11-09 1939-06-10 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schraubenfeder aus verwundenem Draht
DE1758510A1 (de) * 1968-06-15 1971-01-21 Brueninghaus Gmbh Stahlwerke Verfahren zur Herstellung von austenitformgehaerteten Schraubenfedern und Anlage zur Ausfuehrung des Verfahrens
DE2020270A1 (de) * 1970-04-25 1971-11-11 Erdmann Jesnitzer Friedrich Pr Verfahren zur Erhoehung der Festigkeitswerte von unlegierten und legierten Metallen
DE1945597A1 (de) * 1968-09-13 1972-03-02 Ford Werke Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung verbesserter ermuedungsbestaendiger Staehle
SU688528A1 (ru) * 1977-06-27 1979-09-30 Yasenchuk Pavel D Способ изготовлени пружин

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2082580A (en) * 1933-10-24 1937-06-01 Spencer Mfg Company Bodies for withstanding alternating stresses and manufacture thereof
DE676746C (de) * 1935-11-09 1939-06-10 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schraubenfeder aus verwundenem Draht
DE1758510A1 (de) * 1968-06-15 1971-01-21 Brueninghaus Gmbh Stahlwerke Verfahren zur Herstellung von austenitformgehaerteten Schraubenfedern und Anlage zur Ausfuehrung des Verfahrens
DE1945597A1 (de) * 1968-09-13 1972-03-02 Ford Werke Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung verbesserter ermuedungsbestaendiger Staehle
DE2020270A1 (de) * 1970-04-25 1971-11-11 Erdmann Jesnitzer Friedrich Pr Verfahren zur Erhoehung der Festigkeitswerte von unlegierten und legierten Metallen
SU688528A1 (ru) * 1977-06-27 1979-09-30 Yasenchuk Pavel D Способ изготовлени пружин

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
SOVIET INVENTIONS ILLUSTRATED, Sektion Chemie, Woche C21, Zusammenfasssungsnr. M24 P52, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; & SU - A - 688 528 (P D YASENCHUK) 30.09.79 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0526689A1 (fr) * 1991-07-23 1993-02-10 Krupp Brüninghaus GmbH Procédé de fabrication de ressort de compression hélicoidal
CN1332058C (zh) * 2003-01-10 2007-08-15 西北工业大学 棒状超细晶材料的制备方法
WO2004087968A3 (fr) * 2003-04-04 2005-04-28 Thyssen Krupp Automotive Ag Procede de traitement thermo-mecanique de l'acier
CN100564549C (zh) * 2003-04-04 2009-12-02 泰森克鲁普汽车股份公司 用于钢材热机处理的方法
CN101956777A (zh) * 2009-07-14 2011-01-26 上海中洲特种合金材料有限公司 镍基合金圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧的热处理方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3633058C1 (de) 1987-07-30

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Inventor name: WIENAND, JOSEF, DIPL.-ING.

Inventor name: KUEHNERT, BERTHOLD

Inventor name: BROSCHEIT, KLAUS

Inventor name: NITSCHKE, WERNER

Inventor name: BEIHAMMER, HORST, DIPL.-ING.