Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
  • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
  • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D21H17/37—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. polyacrylates
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
  • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
  • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D21H17/41—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups
  • D21H17/44—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups cationic
  • D21H17/45—Nitrogen-containing groups
  • D21H17/455—Nitrogen-containing groups comprising tertiary amine or being at least partially quaternised

Definitions

• This invention relates to the use of acrylamide/acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride polymers as drainage/retention aids in the manufacture of paper and paper-like products.
• retention In papermaking, retention is generally defined as the retaining of inorganic fillers, such as clay and titanium dioxide, as well as cellulosic fines within the paper sheet during manufacture, as on a fourdrinier machine.
• the retention obtained on the wire screen is a function of different mechanisms such as filtration by mechanical entrainment, electrostatic attraction, and bridging between cellulosic fibers and fillers. Since both the cellulose and many common fillers are electronegative, they are mutually repellant and, in the absence of a retention aid, the only factor tending to enhance retention is mechanical entrainment.
• retention aids are used because of the high cost of pigments, such as titanium dioxide.
• the use of retention aids significantly increases the amount of pigments incorporated into a wet web. Additionally, retention aids can appreciably reduce the suspended material in a paper machine white water effluent stream, which reduces pollution and loss of pigment.
• Retention aids are commonly used in the manufacture of specialty papers, such as bond paper and "publication type" paper, including newsprint, where high loadings of pigment and/or filler are required.
• the function of retention aids is to bind a filler to cellulosic fibers without mechanically blocking the pores of the paper sheet being formed, thereby not adversely affecting the drainage properties of the wet paper web. Drainage, as used herein, refers to dewatering of paper or paper-like products being formed, as on a fourdrinier machine. The instant polymers improve both the retention and drainage properties of paper furnishes, and are therefore referred to as drainage/retention aids.
• the prior art discloses the use of polyacrylamides as retention aids wherein about 3 to 35% of the amide groups are hydrolyzed to carboxylic acid groups. It is essential for alum to be present for such retention aids to work effectively, and their use is generally restricted to narrow pH ranges.
• Amphoteric polymers have also been used as retention aids.
• U.S. Patent 3,639,208 which discloses the use of hydrolyzed acrylamide diallyl quaternary ammonium polymers as retention aids.
• U.S. Patent 3,639,208 which discloses the use of hydrolyzed acrylamide diallyl quaternary ammonium polymers as retention aids.
• Patent 3,926,718 discloses the use of N-vinylpyrrolidone/water soluble monomer block-type polymers as retention aids, wherein suitable water-soluble monomers include dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 3-acrylamido-3-methylbutyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, methacryloyloxy 2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium methosulfate, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, acrylic acid and salts thereof, methacrylic acid, 3-acrylamido-3-methylbutyl dimethylamine, acrylamide, methacrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, hydroxymethylated diacetone acrylamide, dimethyl-1-(2-hydroxypropyl) amine methacrylamide, and sodium styrene sulfonate.
• suitable water-soluble monomers include di
• U.S. Patent 4,147,681 discloses the use of acrylamide homopolymer and copolymer emulsions as drainage/retention aids.
• the instant invention provides an improvement in the art of papermaking in which the retention of cellulosic fines, fillers, pigments and other chemical additives is increased by the use of acrylamide (AM)/acrylolyoxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (AETAC) polymers.
• AM acrylamide
• AETAC acrylolyoxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride
• This invention relates to a method for improving drainage and the retention of inorganic fillers, cellulosic fines, chemical additives and/or pigments in the production of paper comprising adding to an aqueous paper furnish an effective amount of a polymer comprising:
• the instant invention additionally relates to the above described polymers, and to compositions comprising (a) a paper or paper-like furnish, preferably a newsprint furnish, and (b) at least one of the above described polymers.
• the term "effective amount” refers to that amount of polymer which provides a drainage and/or retention improving quality to the furnish being treated.
• the polymer dosage on an active basis, ranges from about 0.1 to about 10 pounds of polymer per dry ton of pulp.
• the instant polymers may be used as drainage/retention aids in any paper furnish, including furnish for fine paper, bond paper and publication-type paper, and in furnishes for the preparation of miscellaneous paper-like products such as liner board, they are especially effective in newsprint furnishes.
• the term "newsprint furnishes” is defined as a furnish which is used to prepare newsprint paper, such as a furnish containing groundwood, mechanical pulp, Kraft pulp, Kraft sulfite pulp, semi-bleached Kraft pulp, thermal-mechanical pulp, deink stock and/or recycled paper.
• the instant polymers may be added to a paper furnish at any convenient point to improve drainage and/or the retention of fines, fibers and additives on the paper web being treated. Generally, however, the drainage/retention aid will be added at a point immediately prior to the forming surface.
• the polymers of the instant invention may be described by the following structure: wherein R is H or CH3, R1, R2 and R3, which may be the same or different, are C1-C8 alkyl, n is 2 or 3, A is Cl, Br or CH3SO4, and x and y yield a polymer which is 75-99.9%, by weight, of the y moiety and 0.1-25%, by weight, of the x moiety.
• R is hydrogen
• R1, R2 and R3 are CH3
• n is 2
• A is Cl.
• the polymer is a copolymer of acrylamide and acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (AETAC), which is preferred polymer.
• AETAC acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride
• the inventor has found that at least 75%, by weight, of the polymer must comprise the acrylamide-like y moiety, preferably about 85% to about 99%, and most preferably about 90% to almost 98%.
• molecular weight, as determined by reduced viscosity is critical.
• the instant polymers must have a reduced viscosity greater than 18 dl/g and preferably from about 18 to about 30 dl/g, more preferably 20-28 dl/g and most preferably 22-26 dl/g (0.5% in 1 N NaCl at 30°C).
• the instant drainage/retention aids will seldom be used in amounts of less than 0.1 pound per ton of dry pulp, and in normal practice, for economic reasons, they will not be used in amounts higher than about 2 pounds per ton of dry pulp, although in some cases more drainage/retention aid may be used without adverse effect, for instance, 5 or even 10 pounds per ton of dry pulp.
• the instant polymers may be applied in any convenient form, e.g., as aqueous solutions, or emulsions, and they may be prepared by emulsion and solution polymerization techniques which are well known to those skilled in the art.
• an aqueous phase containing acrylamide and AETAC monomers may be prepared. These monomers are water-soluble.
• a water-in-oil emulsion of this aqueous phase may then be prepared by dispersing the aqueous phase into a hydrophobic liquid, using a suitable emulsifying surfactant.
• Inert hydrophobic liquids which can be used as the hydrophobic phase include, but are not limited to, mineral oils, kerosene, naphthas, petroleums and blends of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons.
• Polymerization is then initiated using a free radical initiator, such as teritary butyl hydroperoxide. Polymerization may then proceed either adiabetically or isothermally.
• Emulsion polymers of acrylamide and acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride were prepared by the conventional emulsion polymerization technique described below:
• An aqueous phase comprising: a) acrylamide and AETAC in the desired weight ratio; b) water; and c) sodium ethylendiamine tetracetic acid was mixed.
• the pH of this phase was adjusted to 3.0.
• an oil-soluble alkanolanide-based surfactant system was added to the oil phase. Any conventional emulsifying surfactants can be used.
• the aqueous phase was then dispersed into the oil/surfactant phase, and polymerization was initiated using a tertiary butyl hydroperoxide/sodium metabisulfate catalyst system under nitrogen. Polymerization continued either adiabatically or isothermally to completion.
• the aqueous phase comprised: 748.99 g of 45.6% active acrylamide; 50.60 g of 75% active AETAC; 262.26 g of water; and 1.50 g of Na4 EDTA chelant.
• the aqueous phase comprised: 828.54 g of 45.6% active acrylamide; 15.17 g of 75% active AETAC; 238.14 g of water; and 1.5 g of Na4 EDTA chelant.
• the oil phase comprised 349.00 g of Kensol 61, a branch-chain hydrocarbon commercially available from Witco Chemical Company, in both the 90/10 and 97/3 cases.
• the alkanolamide-based emulsifying surfactant system was added to the oil phase in sufficient amount to uniformly disperse the aqueous phase into the oil phase. All polymers used in Examples 2-20 were prepared in accordance with these instructions.
• Example 1 The emulsion polymers of Example 1 were added to various newsprint furnishes to evaluate their effectiveness as retention aids. The furnishes studied are described in Table I, below.
• An unbleached Kraft/waste furnish corrugating media served as the test furnish.
• This furnish had a % consistency of 1.28, a pH of 7.5 and a stock temperature of 120°F.
• the polymer dosage was 4.0 lbs/ton of dry pulp.

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Cited By (9)

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• 1988
  • 1988-01-21 EP EP88300477A patent/EP0277728A3/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1988-01-28 AU AU10933/88A patent/AU1093388A/en not_active Abandoned

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