EP0281843A2 - Apparat zum Messen der Objekttemperaturen während des Lötens - Google Patents

Apparat zum Messen der Objekttemperaturen während des Lötens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0281843A2
EP0281843A2 EP88102690A EP88102690A EP0281843A2 EP 0281843 A2 EP0281843 A2 EP 0281843A2 EP 88102690 A EP88102690 A EP 88102690A EP 88102690 A EP88102690 A EP 88102690A EP 0281843 A2 EP0281843 A2 EP 0281843A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
drive signal
thermocouple
rod
energizable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88102690A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0281843A3 (de
Inventor
Philippe Douglas Sherwood St. Pierre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Publication of EP0281843A2 publication Critical patent/EP0281843A2/de
Publication of EP0281843A3 publication Critical patent/EP0281843A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
    • G01K1/02—Means for indicating or recording specially adapted for thermometers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K3/00—Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature
    • G01K3/005—Circuits arrangements for indicating a predetermined temperature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
    • G01K7/04—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples the object to be measured not forming one of the thermoelectric materials

Definitions

  • This invention relates to implements incorporating abrasive particle compacts and more particularly to an apparatus useful in monitoring the temperature of the compacts during brazing of the implements to workpieces.
  • the abrasive particle compact implements have special utility in drill bits for oil and gas exploration and in mining applications.
  • An abrasive particle compact is a polycrystalline mass of abrasive particles such as diamond and/or cubic boron nitride bonded together to form an integral, tough, high-strength mass. Such components can be bonded together in a particle-to-particle self-bonded relationship, by means of a bonding medium disposed between the particles, or by combinations thereof.
  • a supported abrasive particle compact herein termed a composite compact is an abrasive particle compact which is bonded to a substrate material, such as cemented tungsten carbide. Compacts of this type are described, for example, in U.S. Pats. Nos. 3,743,489, 3,745,623, and 3,767,371. The bond to the support can be formed either during or subsequent to the formation of the abrasive particle compact.
  • Composite compacts have found special utility as cutting elements in drill bits. These compacts can be attached directly to the drill crown of drill bits by a variety of techniques.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,156,329 proposes to furnace braze a pre-tinned metal-coated compact to recesses formed in the crown.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,186,628 proposes to attach the compact cutters to the crown by placing the compacts in a mold, filling the crown portion of the mold with powder, and running a low temperature infiltration braze into the mold to form the crown containing the compacts embedded therein.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,098,362 proposes drill bits in the manner of the latter proposal wherein the cutters are placed at a rake angle of between -10° and -25°.
  • composite compacts can be affixed to an elongated stud or substrate which stud then is attached to the drill crown.
  • the stud provides greater attachment area to the drill crown. It also provides more support for the abrasive particle compact thereby increasing its impact resistance.
  • Composite compacts have been attached to studs in both a right cylinder configuration as depicted in U.S. Pat. No. 4,200,159, and in an angled configuration, as shown, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,265,324.
  • braze alloys with liquidus temperatures of less than 700°C were utilized initially for attachment of composite compacts to studs or substrates.
  • liquidus temperatures of less than 700°C were utilized initially for attachment of composite compacts to studs or substrates.
  • low temperature braze alloys found only limited applicability in the marketplace due to their characteristically low bond strengths.
  • Complicating the braze operation is the necessary exposure of the polycrystalline mass of the composite compact to the elevated temperatures necessary for accomplishing the braze operation.
  • the brazer or a helper is difficult at best for the brazer or a helper to take temperature measurements of the polycrystalline mass, even though such temperature measurements may be critical to the success of the brazing operation.
  • Two factors contributing to this problem include the necessity for the brazer to wear dark goggles for protection against the bright light emitted by the flame and the object being heated, and the need of the brazer to devote an undivided attention to the workpiece during the brazing operation. It is easy to overheat the composite compact since the flame is much hotter than the temperature actually needed to melt and flow the braze filler material.
  • the present invention is directed to such brazing operation and particularly addresses the need for closely monitoring the actual temperature of the polycrystalline mass during the brazing or welding operation so that a minimum temperature is reached whereat the braze filler material flows and properly brazes the implement to the workpiece but does not exceed a threshold temperature whereat thermal damage to the polycrystalline mass mass might occur.
  • the apparatus comprises a temperature probe comprising a stiff support rod of predetermined length with extent extending from a base portion to a tip.
  • Thermal insulation means is disposed within the support rod substantially along the lengthwise extent and has a first passageway therethrough.
  • An insulating handle is connected in supporting relationship with the rod and has a second passageway therethrough which communicates with the first passageway.
  • a heat shield is disposed about the handle in the vicinity of its connection with the base portion of the rod.
  • Thermocouple means is energizable for deriving sensing signals of given levels correlative with temperature is disposed at the rod tip and lead means within the first and second passageways electrically coiupled with thermocouple means.
  • An alarm unit is provided including a power supply responsive to an a.c. source for deriving a d.c. supply output.
  • An annunciator arrangement energizable by a first drive signal to provide a first audibly perceptible output is additionally energizable by a second drive signal to provide a second perceptible output.
  • Circuit means are provided which are energizable from the d.c.
  • thermocouple means which are coupled with the annunciator arrangement and with lead means for effecting the energization of the thermocouple means and responsive to the sensing signals derived thereby reaching a first predetermined level corresponding with a braze enablement temperature value to generate the first drive signal and further is responsive to the sensing signals reaching a second predetermined level corresponding with a braze temperature threshold excessive level to generate the second drive signal.
  • a method for monitoring the temperature of an implement comprising a composite compact having an abrasive particle layer bonded to a support being brazed to a substrate by a brazing filler metal disposed therebetween. Such method comprises using the apparatus disclosed herein.
  • Advantages of the present invention include a temperature probe which not only monitors the temperature of the implement (e.g. polycrystalline mass) being brazed to a workpiece, but also provides tactile force for retaining the implement in proper position with the workpiece for the brazing operation to be accomplished.
  • Another advantage is an apparatus which provides cuing as to whether the unit is on, e.g. electricity being supplied to the unit, and as to whether a proper electrical connection with the probe is present.
  • a further advantage comprises dual audible alarms which indicate that the minimum braze temperature has been reached by one audible emission while reserving a second and distinguishable audible emission indicative of the upper temperature limit being reached during the brazing operation. This minimizes possible thermal damage to the implement arising by virtue of the brazing operation.
  • Fig. 1 shows the inventive apparatus for monitoring the temperature of an implement being brazed to a workpiece and which comprises temperature probe 10 and alarm unit 12 being electrically coupled through line 14.
  • alarm unit 12 is comprised of container 16 which is shown to be rectangular, though other shapes of course may be provided.
  • the top surface of container 16 bears handle 18 which is used because alarm unit 12 is portable.
  • Alarm unit 12 further has a front or face plate 20 and rear plate 22 (Fig. 2). Face plate 20 is affixed to container 16 via screws 24a-24d. Face plate 20 further bears electrical connector 26 for receiving plug 28 which is disposed about the one end of line 14.
  • Alarm unit 12 further contains light 30 disposed at face plate 20.
  • Light 30 provides visual cuing that alarm unit 12 is energized (being supplied with electricity from a d.c. source) and functioning properly. It will be appreciated that audible cuing means can be provided in complement or in the alternative to light 30 as is necessary, desirable or convenient. Regardless of the mode of operation of such cuing means, an indicia correlative to proper functioning of the apparatus is provided to the brazer so that he can devote his full attention to the brazing operation.
  • Alarm unit 12 further contains alarms or annunciators 32 and 34 which provide audible alarm sounds responsive to temperatures being sensed by temperature probe 10. That is, circuit means in alarm unit 12 are preset with a first drive signal output corresponding with a thermocouple signal representing predetermined minimum temperature setting whereat proper brazing can proceed. Such temperature is determined based upon the particular braze filler metal being utilized. As soon as the signal from temperature probe 10 activates the first drive signal output, alarm or annunciator means 32 emits an audible sound, preferably a continuous sound, to let the brazer know that the brazing operation can proceed. Knobs 33 and 35 control the loudness of alarms 32 and 34, respectively. If temperature probe 10 becomes damaged or unplugged the circuit will cause alarm 34 to sound in addition to thus providing audible cuing means to the brazer that the apparatus is not in proper condition for being utilized.
  • the circuit means in alarm unit 12 additionally is preset to provide a second drive signal output corresponding with a thermocouple signal representing a second, predetermined, higher temperature setting which, when indicated by temperature probe 10, causes alarm or annunciated 34 to emit a second, e.g. intermittent, sound to let the brazer know that the upper threshold temperature limit or threshold is being approached, i.e. a temperature threshold excessive level.
  • this upper temperature limit may be set at the temperature whereat thermal damage to polycrystalline diamond can occur.
  • the brazer can now focus full and undivided attention to the brazing operation without being concerned about monitoring meters or other temperature measuring devices which are occasionally used today.
  • visible indicia can be provided alternatively or in addition to the audible alarm means for visually, as well as audibly, indicating the two temperature limits which have been preset into alarm unit 12.
  • An exemplary circuit component which contains the appropriate circuitry means, and which can be adapted for use in accordance with the precepts of the present invention include Models AP1220 through AP1224 Thermocouple Input Dual Limit Alarms instruments as manufactured by Action Instruments of San Diego, California.
  • the upper temperature setting may be indicated by ever increasing loudness, pitch, frequency, etc. of the emitter as the probe sensed temperature nears the upper setting.
  • the alarm may initially sound at 20°C (for some other convenient value) below the upper temperature setting and then increase in frequency, pitch, etc. as the sensed probe temperature nears the upper temperature setting.
  • Supplemented with a stroboscopic light source optionally, provides a unique and reliable manner of alerting the brazer.
  • rear plate 22 bears on/off switch 36 and electrical cord 38 which is designed for use with conventional a.c. power. It will be appreciated that alarm unit 12 suitably can be modified to operate on d.c. voltage for true portability. Finally, fuse and fuse holder assembly 40 are disposed for easy access at rear plate 22.
  • probe 10 has been constructed for providing a dual function.
  • One function is the ability to sense temperature by use of a thermocouple wherein the sensed temperature is used via alarm unit 12 for monitoring the temperature of an implement (e.g. polycrystalline diamond mass) being brazed.
  • the second function involves the use of probe 10 to provide tactile, physical force for holding an implement in place for it to be brazed to a workpiece. For example, a composite compact mounted on a carbide stud could be physically pressed and held into position for brazing onto a tool bit utilizing probe 10.
  • Probe 10 comprises insulating handle 42 having a passageway therethrough which preferably is composed of wood, though ceramic or other insulating material may be appropriate; heat shield 44 which preferably is composed of stainless steel, though ceramic or other material may be appropriate; and stiff support rod 46, which preferably is manufactured from stainless steel for durability and ruggedness, though other materials of construction are feasible.
  • the lower end of handle 42 retains electrical connector or socket depicted at 48 for receiving plug 50 which is disposed at one end of line 14 for providing electrical connection between probe 10 and alarm unit 12.
  • Heat shield 44 is affixed to handle 42 via screws 52a-52c, though other modes of attachment can be envisioned.
  • Rod 46 may be bent in one or more locations for use in hard to access locations.
  • thermocouple 54 At the tip of support rod 46 is disposed thermocouple 54.
  • Thermocouple 54 is manufactured to be as small as possible consistent with providing sufficient strength to withstand normal day-to-day usage.
  • the junction of thermocouple 54 being small also maximizes temperature responsiveness of the probe. It should be understood that successful use of probe 10 depends on good thermal contact being established between thermocouple 54 and the implement being brazed (e.g. a polycrystalline diamond mass). Since the brazer likely will hold probe 10 at various angles depending upon the location of the implement being brazed, good thermal contact may be difficult to accomplish. This is especially true since contact may be broken on occasion during the brazing operation.
  • a unique solution to this problem comprises the use of a glassy material, e.g.
  • a flux which is viscous enough to form a microbath or pool at the thermocouple/implement interface in order to provide enhanced thermal contact therebetween.
  • Suitable fluxes or thermal contact enhancing agents should be inert with respect to the thermocouple and with respect to the implement in contact therewith.
  • This heat transfer medium additionally should melt at a low temperature, desirably below the minimum braze temperature and should not decompose during the brazing operation even at the upper end of the brazing temperature range. Since implements likely are to be in a sideways or even upside-down condition on occasion, viscosity is important so that the flux agent sufficiently wets the thermal junction surfaces for establishing good thermal contact and does not run or drip off of such surfaces.
  • Suitable flux agents or glassy materials which meet these diverse requirements include, for example, boric oxide, anhydrous boric oxide, mixtures of chlorides and/or fluorides of alkali metals, and the like and mixtures thereof.
  • energizing electrical communication is provided between outlet 48 and thermocouple 54 via two thin electrical wires or lead means which fit within the annular passageways created within probe 10.
  • These electrical wires identified as 56 and 58 in Figs. 4 and 5 are sheathed to provide electrical insulation in conventional fashion and even may be sheathed for providing a degree of thermal insulation.
  • Disposed within support rod 46 are ceramic insulating spacers 60 which have a passageway therethrough for accommodating leads 56 and 58 and which passageway is in communication with the passageway in handle 42.
  • Ceramic insulators 60 protect the wires from the extreme temperatures encountered by the probe during conventional brazing operations, while support rod 46 protects the ceramic insulators from damage due to probable rough treatment which the probe may encounter during everyday usage.
  • the ability to utilize probe 10 for retaining an implement in place for its brazing to a workpiece comes from support rod 46 additionally. It will be observed that support rod 46 penetrates into handle 42 a short distance for joining the probe elements together.
  • the circuitry for the apparatus of the invention is represented in general at 70 and is seen to include a conventional input from a line source providing, for example, 220 v a.c. and shown imputted as at Fig. 2 in conjunction with line 38.
  • the positive and negative input components of cable 38 are represented at line inputs 72 and 74 and include a conventional third ground line 76.
  • Line 72 is shown coupled to one input of a conventional a.c./d.c. converter which transforms the conventional line input to a 24 v d.c. output at 1.2 amperes and is represented at block 78.
  • the opposite line input to power supply 78 from line 74 is directed through the earlier-­described on/off switch 36 which again is symbolically represented in Fig. 6 by that number.
  • Line 74 further incorporates the earlier-described fuse 40.
  • the resultant d.c. output from power supply 78 is presented at lines 80 and 82 which initially function to energize the earlier-described light 30 which again is reproduced symbolically in Fig. 6. Coupling of light 30 to lines 80 and 82 is provided from respective lines 84 and 86. Line 82 is shown coupled to one input of the earlier-described Thermocouple Input Dual Limit Alarm Circuit which is represented at block 88. The opposite power input to device 88 is from line 90. Connection with the thermocouple 54 and circuit 88 is provided from the earlier-described jack 26 and is shown entering pins 4 and 5 of the device via respective lines 92 and 90.
  • the outputs of device 88, selectively actuating the annunciators 32 and 34, are provided at respective lines 96 and 98.
  • line 96 extends through resistor 100 and adjusting potentiometer, as described earlier at 33 and reproduced herein, to a piezoelectric or like annunciator 32 being addressed from potentiometer 33 by line 102 and coupled to power line 80.
  • line 98 incorporates resistor 104 and extends through the earlier-­described volume controlling potentiometer 35 and line 106 to annunciator 34, the opposite side of which is coupled to supply line 80 from line 108. Because annunciator or piezoelectric device 34 provides a pulsating output, a capacitor is coupled about lines 106 and 108 via line 112.
  • thermocouple 54 is symbolically represented by the same numeration as being coupled to the device 88 via cable 14 and earlier-described lines 92 and 94.
  • Line 92 extends to the input of an input buffer 116, the output of which at lines 118 and 120 extend to the inverting and non-inverting inputs of respective comparators 122 and 124.
  • the set point for comparator 122 is established by a reference represented at block 126 and an adjustable resistance as represented at 128 in conjunction with wiper arm 130.
  • the latter wiper arm line 130 extends to the input of a buffer 132, the output of which at lines 134 and 136 extend to the non-­inverting input of comparator 122.
  • a reference as represented at block 138, supplies input to an adjustable resistance 140 incorporating a wiper arm 142 extending, in turn, to buffer 144.
  • the output of buffer 144 at lines 146 and 148 extends to the inverting input of comparator 124.
  • Comparators 122 and 124 provide outputs, respectively, representing high and low trip conditions at lines 150 and 152 which are directed to a Digital False-Trip Suppression and Trip circuitry provided as a large scale integration (LSI) chip and represented at block 154.
  • Lines 134 and 146 additionally function to establish a deadband for each of the trip points of the circuit 88, so as to avoid unwanted oscillation about the threshold levels of each of the comparators 122 and 124.
  • a high deadband of 5% as well as a low deadband of 5% is provided. In effect, the deadband is the amount of input change required to reset each limit alarm to an untrip condition.
  • output of LSI circuit 154 at line 156 functions to drive an annunciator energizing relay represented at block 158 which, in turn, provides an output at earlier-described line 98 (Fig. 6).
  • output line 160 functions to drive an annunciator energizing low trip relay represented at block 162 which, in turn, functions to selectively provide drive at earlier-described line 96 (Fig. 6).
  • a preferred use for the monitoring apparatus of the present invention involves the brazing of composite compact implements to workpieces as typified by drill bits.
  • the implement is comprised of a polycrystalline composite compact, a stud or substrate, and a thin continuous layer of filler metal disposed therebetween.
  • the composite compact is comprised of a polycrystalline particulate mass or layer of bonded abrasive particles and a support or base layer preferably of cemented carbide bonded to the compact. Further details on such implements including their fabrication can be found in U.S. Pats. Nos. 4,225,322; 4,319,707; 4,527;998; and application Serial No. 752,419.
  • thermal damage to polycrystalline diamond can commence occurring at about 700°C or thereabouts.
  • the temperature of the polycrystalline diamond mass during the brazing operations should be kept below such temperature unless a heat-sink modification to lessen the polycrystalline diamond mass temperature is employed.
  • heat-sink modifications are impractical in daily operation so that the brazing operation of the carbide stud to the drill bit or other workpiece should be conducted so that the temperature of the polycrystalline diamond mass does not exceed the threshold temperature whereat loss of its properties can occur.
  • the monitoring apparatus of the present invention finds its prime use under such circumstances.
  • the probe is constructed with sufficient reliability and durability so that it can apply tactile force through the composite compact implement for holding the implement in place in the drill bit or other workpiece during the brazing operation.
  • the brazer need only hold the probe in one hand while holding the welding torch or other heating device in the other hand for accomplishing the brazing operation.
  • the brazer need not continuously look up from the operation in order to visually read the temperature of the workpiece via a dial or other readout device which occasionally is practiced today.
  • the audible alarms provide the temperature monitoring required by the brazer for efficacious attachment of the implement to the drill bit or other workpiece.
  • Such method comprises another aspect of the present invention as will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. All references cited herein are incorporated expressly herein by reference.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Control Of Temperature (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Sensing Apparatuses (AREA)
EP88102690A 1987-03-09 1988-02-24 Apparat zum Messen der Objekttemperaturen während des Lötens Withdrawn EP0281843A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US23205 1987-03-09
US07/023,205 US4752770A (en) 1986-03-10 1987-03-09 Apparatus for monitoring temperatures of implements during brazing

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0281843A2 true EP0281843A2 (de) 1988-09-14
EP0281843A3 EP0281843A3 (de) 1989-08-02

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88102690A Withdrawn EP0281843A3 (de) 1987-03-09 1988-02-24 Apparat zum Messen der Objekttemperaturen während des Lötens

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US (1) US4752770A (de)
EP (1) EP0281843A3 (de)
JP (1) JPS63252669A (de)

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USD311689S (en) 1987-10-21 1990-10-30 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic thermometer probe
US4994792A (en) * 1989-12-06 1991-02-19 Ziegler Jr Eldon W Fluid temperature monitoring system
US5072211A (en) * 1990-07-03 1991-12-10 Clement Roger B Safe alarm system
US5121994A (en) * 1991-03-19 1992-06-16 Thermo Electric Co. Thermocouple for autoclave and method of making the same
US5516285A (en) * 1993-09-27 1996-05-14 Yacker; Miles J. Temperature gauge for surgical drills and method employing same
US5354200A (en) * 1993-09-27 1994-10-11 Michael Klein Temperature gauge for dental drills and method employing same
KR970063801A (ko) * 1996-02-22 1997-09-12 김광호 반도체 소자 제조 장치의 열전대(thermocouple)
US20060220886A1 (en) * 2004-09-02 2006-10-05 Robertson Ronald E Pro Locator Fire Sniffer
RU2287787C1 (ru) * 2005-04-12 2006-11-20 Кабардино-Балкарский государственный университет им. Х.М. Бербекова Способ определения величины температурного поля, температуры в зоне резания и характера ее распределения в обрабатываемом материале
FR2885691A1 (fr) * 2005-05-12 2006-11-17 Thermatec Process Control Sarl Dispositif de capteur de temperature manuel portable a element demontable
CN103323120A (zh) * 2013-06-27 2013-09-25 苏州边枫电子科技有限公司 钻头的红外线测温装置
KR102196887B1 (ko) * 2016-11-21 2020-12-30 가부시키가이샤 무라야마 덴키 세이사쿠쇼 온도계 및 온도계용 조인트

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS63252669A (ja) 1988-10-19
EP0281843A3 (de) 1989-08-02
US4752770A (en) 1988-06-21

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