EP0281858A1 - Gyrotron de grande puissance pour la génération d'ondes électromagnétiques millimétriques ou submillimétriques - Google Patents

Gyrotron de grande puissance pour la génération d'ondes électromagnétiques millimétriques ou submillimétriques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0281858A1
EP0281858A1 EP88102786A EP88102786A EP0281858A1 EP 0281858 A1 EP0281858 A1 EP 0281858A1 EP 88102786 A EP88102786 A EP 88102786A EP 88102786 A EP88102786 A EP 88102786A EP 0281858 A1 EP0281858 A1 EP 0281858A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
concave mirrors
section
optical axis
concave
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88102786A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0281858B1 (fr
Inventor
Anders Prof. Bondeson
Bernhard Dr. Isaak
André Perrenoud
Minh Quang Dr. Tran
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CENTRE RECH PHYSIQUE PLASMAS
Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas
RECH PHYSIQUE PLASMAS CENTRE
Original Assignee
CENTRE RECH PHYSIQUE PLASMAS
Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas
RECH PHYSIQUE PLASMAS CENTRE
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/025—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators with an electron stream following a helical path

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for generating electromagnetic millimeter or submillimeter waves of high intensity. It relates in particular to a high-performance gyrotron for generating such waves with a quasi-optical resonator, which is formed by two concave mirrors arranged opposite one another on an optical axis.
  • the high performance gyrotron is intended for use in nuclear fusion to heat the fusion plasma.
  • a gyrotron of the type mentioned is known, for example, from an article by TA Hargeaves et al., Int. J. Electronics 57, 977 (1984) or also from an article by A. Perrenoud et al., Int. J. Electronics 57, 985 (1984).
  • the resonator of the known gyrotron formed by the two concave mirrors is a so-called open resonator.
  • the two concave mirrors are, at least in their immediate vicinity, not surrounded by a housing or the like.
  • a high-energy electron beam passes through the resonator along a magnetic field.
  • the electrons of the electron beam move along the magnetic field on spiral tracks with an orbital frequency corresponding to the cyclotron frequency, which is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field. They interact with an alternating electromagnetic field built up in the resonator.
  • the modes excited in the resonator are of the TEM mnp type, the indices m and n denoting transverse modes and the index p denoting longitudinal modes (see also H. Kogelnik, 1966, Modes in Optical Resonators; Lasers, Vol. 1, edited by AK Levine, New York: Marcel Dekker, p. 295).
  • the longitudinal TEM oop modes are selected because they have the lowest diffraction losses.
  • the thermal load on the concave mirrors does not become too great in the envisaged application for nuclear fusion (the field power in the resonator can be a few megawatts), they must have a certain minimum size that is significantly (up to two orders of magnitude) larger than the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation to be generated.
  • the p of the modes excited in the resonator is therefore in the range between 40 and 400. This has the consequence that the frequency spacing between two adjacent modes TEM oop and TEM oo (p + 1) is significantly smaller than the instability frequency band of the gyrotron, which raises the problem of mode competition (see, for example, Bondeson et al., Infrared and Millimeter Waves 9 , 309 (1984)).
  • the open, quasi-optical resonator has been designed in such a way that it is fashionable is selective, i.e. a TEM oop mode is excited in it alone or at least preferably over other neighboring modes TEM oop ⁇ 1 (cf. A. Perrenoud et al., Int. Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 7 , 427 (1986 ) and A. Perrenoud et al., Int. Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 7 , 1813 (1986)).
  • non-Gaussian modes additionally excited by the housing provided according to the invention are related their intensity is relatively weak and tolerable compared to the desired Gaussian TEM oop modes.
  • the coupling efficiency is increased to 100% by the invention.
  • the radiation to the environment is practically completely prevented by the housing provided according to the invention.
  • Other devices such as Deflection coils for the electron beam or a prebuncher can be set up in the immediate vicinity of the resonator.
  • Fig. 1 and 2 denote two concave mirrors, which are arranged opposite one another at a distance d on an optical axis.
  • the optical axis coincides with a coordinate axis or direction Y in FIG. 1.
  • the two concave mirrors 1 and 2 together form a quasi-optical resonator.
  • a high-energy electron beam 3 passes through the quasi-optical resonator in the middle between the two concave mirrors 1, 2 in the direction of a coordinate axis Z perpendicular to the direction Y.
  • a largely homogeneous magnetic field (not shown in FIG. 1) between the two concave mirrors is also oriented in this way 1 and 2.
  • the electrons of the electron beam 3 move in spiral paths around the magnetic field lines. This is indicated by the spiral line in Fig. 1.
  • the quasi-optical resonator of FIG. 1 is arranged in a housing 4.
  • the housing 4 is a cylinder, the axis of which coincides with the optical axis of the concave mirror 1, 2. It is, at least predominantly, electrically conductive.
  • the length of the housing extends over a little more than the distance d between the concave mirrors 1, 2.
  • the ratio of the diameter of the housing 4 to the diameter of the mirrors 1, 2 is a parameter that depends on the respective application. In the case of a resonator with 2% diffraction losses according to a value of approximately 1.4 for this ratio, in order to suppress the undesirable, non-Gaussian modes. The same applies if the electromagnetic field power is only coupled out at one end.
  • the cylindrical housing 4 has connecting flanges 4.1. Only microwave sections 5 shown in sections are flanged to the connecting flanges. The electromagnetic waves generated in the quasi-optical resonator are fed to the output of the gyrotron via the microwave conductor 5. Finally, the housing 4 also has through openings 4.2 for the electron beam 3.
  • the housing 4 Due to the housing 4, the radiation of electromagnetic radiation into the surroundings of the quasi-optical resonator or the high-energy gyrotron is practically completely prevented and an optimal decoupling efficiency is achieved.
  • the desired mode purity can be improved in particular by using concave mirrors 1, 2 with high negative g factors down to -.8.
  • the mode purity can be further improved by selective damping of the undesirable, non-Gaussian modes.
  • Calculations show that the strongest of these modes are primarily reflected in a section in the middle between the two concave mirrors 1, 2 on the inner wall of the housing 4.
  • the undesired non-Gaussian modes can thus be selectively suppressed in a simple manner.
  • the housing 4 or its inner surface can be formed in the section mentioned in the middle between the two concave mirrors 1, 2.
  • the options are: -
  • the inner surface of the housing 4 can be provided in the section mentioned with a layer 4.3 that absorbs electromagnetic waves well. In any case, the absorption capacity of this layer should be significantly greater than the absorption capacity of the housing wall outside of this layer.
  • the entire housing wall in the section mentioned can consist of such a material, cf. 4.4.
  • the inner surface of the housing 4 can be of a size in the section mentioned - If the roughness is outside of this section, cf. 4.5.
  • the surface can also be serrated, profiled or structured in some other way.
  • the housing wall can also be provided with holes or holes 4.6 in the section mentioned.
  • the extension D of the mentioned, specially designed section of the housing 4 in the direction Y of the optical axis of the two concave mirrors 1, 2 should preferably extend over a maximum of approximately 1/5 of the distance range (d) between the concave mirrors.
  • concave mirrors 1, 2 which have a stepped structure, as is shown for example for concave mirror 1 in FIG. 1.
  • the concave mirrors should in particular have two mirror surfaces offset in steps from one another by one or more very multiples of half the wavelength of the desired radiation.
  • the radii of the staggered mirror surfaces, designated in Fig. 1 with r11 and r12, should be dimensioned relative to each other so that the same energy flow is applied to all mirror surfaces.
  • the aforementioned measures could also be used to optimize other parameters, for example to reduce the radius r4 of the housing 4.
  • concave mirrors 1, 2 With a geometry deviating from the spherical geometry, the electromagnetic efficiency of the gyrotron according to the invention can be improved.
  • concave mirrors are advantageous which, as shown for example in FIG. 2, have different radii of curvature in two mutually perpendicular directions X and Z. R X , R Z have. The direction Z of FIG. 2 should coincide with the Z direction of FIG. 1.

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
EP88102786A 1987-03-03 1988-02-25 Gyrotron de grande puissance pour la génération d'ondes électromagnétiques millimétriques ou submillimétriques Expired - Lifetime EP0281858B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH79987 1987-03-03
CH799/87 1987-03-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0281858A1 true EP0281858A1 (fr) 1988-09-14
EP0281858B1 EP0281858B1 (fr) 1991-07-17

Family

ID=4195451

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88102786A Expired - Lifetime EP0281858B1 (fr) 1987-03-03 1988-02-25 Gyrotron de grande puissance pour la génération d'ondes électromagnétiques millimétriques ou submillimétriques

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4926094A (fr)
EP (1) EP0281858B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3863661D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2023680B3 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009032759A1 (de) * 2009-07-11 2011-01-27 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Vorrichtung zur Vermeidung von parasitären Schwingungen in Elektronenstrahlröhren
CN102956415A (zh) * 2011-08-29 2013-03-06 中国科学院电子学研究所 一种回旋管准光输出系统的射线表示法

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0393485A1 (fr) * 1989-04-19 1990-10-24 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Gyrotron quasi-optique
CH678244A5 (fr) * 1989-06-23 1991-08-15 Asea Brown Boveri
JP2892151B2 (ja) * 1990-11-27 1999-05-17 日本原子力研究所 ジャイロトロン装置
US5450041A (en) * 1994-09-19 1995-09-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Quasi-optical oscillator using ring-resonator feedback
US7906492B2 (en) * 2001-01-16 2011-03-15 Sloan-Kettering Institute For Cancer Research Therapy-enhancing glucan
US7507724B2 (en) 2001-01-16 2009-03-24 Sloan-Kettering Institute For Cancer Research Therapy-enhancing glucan
US8323644B2 (en) * 2006-01-17 2012-12-04 Sloan-Kettering Institute For Cancer Research Therapy-enhancing glucan
WO2008103363A1 (fr) * 2007-02-20 2008-08-28 Wavestream Corporation Système de focalisation d'énergie pour appareil d'interdiction active

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0124396A1 (fr) * 1983-04-06 1984-11-07 Thomson-Csf Dispositif d'injection d'un faisceau d'électrons pour générateur d'ondes radioélectriques pour hyperfréquences

Family Cites Families (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU497893A1 (ru) * 1973-02-27 1978-08-15 Masalov S A Генератор дифракционного излучени
US4491765A (en) * 1982-09-02 1985-01-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Quasioptical gyroklystron
US4531076A (en) * 1982-12-02 1985-07-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Electron beam stimulated electromagnetic radiation generator
FR2542504B1 (fr) * 1983-03-11 1986-02-21 Thomson Csf Cavite resonnante pour hyperfrequences, en particulier pour generateurs d'energie electromagnetique
JPS603838A (ja) * 1983-06-22 1985-01-10 Nec Corp ジヤイロトロン用空胴共振器
DE3483945D1 (en) * 1983-09-30 1991-02-21 Toshiba Kawasaki Kk Gyrotron.
US4553068A (en) * 1983-10-26 1985-11-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army High power millimeter-wave source
JPS6113532A (ja) * 1984-06-28 1986-01-21 Toshiba Corp ジヤイロトロン装置
US4559475A (en) * 1984-07-12 1985-12-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Quasi-optical harmonic gyrotron and gyroklystron
JPS61281702A (ja) * 1985-06-07 1986-12-12 Hitachi Ltd 準光学ジヤイロトロンの出力取出し装置

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0124396A1 (fr) * 1983-04-06 1984-11-07 Thomson-Csf Dispositif d'injection d'un faisceau d'électrons pour générateur d'ondes radioélectriques pour hyperfréquences

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS, Band 57, Nr. 6, Dezember 1984, Seiten 977-984, London, GB; T.A. HARGREAVES et al.: "Experimental study of a single-mode quasi optical gyrotron" *
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES, Band 7, Nr. 3, 1986, Seiten 427-446, Plenum Publishing Corp.; A. PERRENOUD et al.: "On the design of open resonators for quasi-optical gyrotrons" *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009032759A1 (de) * 2009-07-11 2011-01-27 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Vorrichtung zur Vermeidung von parasitären Schwingungen in Elektronenstrahlröhren
DE102009032759B4 (de) * 2009-07-11 2011-12-15 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Vorrichtung zur Vermeidung von parasitären Schwingungen in Elektronenstrahlröhren
CN102956415A (zh) * 2011-08-29 2013-03-06 中国科学院电子学研究所 一种回旋管准光输出系统的射线表示法
CN102956415B (zh) * 2011-08-29 2015-11-04 中国科学院电子学研究所 一种回旋管准光输出系统的反射镜曲面的设计方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0281858B1 (fr) 1991-07-17
DE3863661D1 (de) 1991-08-22
US4926094A (en) 1990-05-15
ES2023680B3 (es) 1992-02-01

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