EP0283399B1 - Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen und Aufbringen von Schaumbitumen, Verwendung bei Oberflächenbehandlung - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen und Aufbringen von Schaumbitumen, Verwendung bei Oberflächenbehandlung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0283399B1
EP0283399B1 EP88400614A EP88400614A EP0283399B1 EP 0283399 B1 EP0283399 B1 EP 0283399B1 EP 88400614 A EP88400614 A EP 88400614A EP 88400614 A EP88400614 A EP 88400614A EP 0283399 B1 EP0283399 B1 EP 0283399B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bitumen
spreading
grid
production
foamed state
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88400614A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0283399A1 (de
Inventor
Jean Rivoire
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Entreprise Jean Lefebvre
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Entreprise Jean Lefebvre
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Entreprise Jean Lefebvre filed Critical Entreprise Jean Lefebvre
Priority to AT88400614T priority Critical patent/ATE62033T1/de
Publication of EP0283399A1 publication Critical patent/EP0283399A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0283399B1 publication Critical patent/EP0283399B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/0018—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam
    • B05B7/005—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam wherein ambient air is aspirated by a liquid flow
    • B05B7/0056—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam wherein ambient air is aspirated by a liquid flow with disturbing means promoting mixing, e.g. balls, crowns
    • B05B7/0062—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam wherein ambient air is aspirated by a liquid flow with disturbing means promoting mixing, e.g. balls, crowns including sieves, porous members or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/12—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for distributing granular or liquid materials
    • E01C19/16—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for distributing granular or liquid materials for applying or spreading liquid materials, e.g. bitumen slurries
    • E01C19/17—Application by spraying or throwing
    • E01C19/176—Spraying or throwing elements, e.g. nozzles; Arrangement thereof or supporting structures therefor, e.g. spray-bars
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/45—Portable apparatus for preparing, or for preparing and applying to the road, compound liquid binders, e.g. emulsified bitumen, fluxed asphalt
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
    • E01C7/35—Toppings or surface dressings; Methods of mixing, impregnating, or spreading them
    • E01C7/353—Toppings or surface dressings; Methods of mixing, impregnating, or spreading them with exclusively bituminous binders; Aggregate, fillers or other additives for application on or in the surface of toppings with exclusively bituminous binders, e.g. for roughening or clearing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for producing and spreading bitumen in the foam state, its process of implementation as well as its application to the production of surface coatings.
  • Foaming bitumen is a known technique, which consists in injecting a given quantity of water into bitumen heated to high temperature.
  • the spraying of water produces foaming which will be more or less important depending on the quality of the bitumen, the amount of water, the presence or absence of foaming products, and many surrounding factors (temperature, humidity, wind ,. ..).
  • the main property of foaming is to give bitumen a low apparent viscosity, due to the presence of a gaseous phase dispersed in the form of fine bubbles, and above all a high apparent volume which can reach up to twenty times that of bitumen at liquid state.
  • a very expanded foam will have a short lifespan, that is to say that its deflation will be rapid. Slightly expanded but very fine foam will have much slower deflation.
  • the production of surface coatings consists in depositing a layer of bitumen on the support to be covered, spreading gravel on the bitumen and compacting the gravel.
  • the viscosity of the binders has been adjusted to different values by means of fluxing agents (coal oils) or thinning agents (kerosene), depending on the traffic and climate conditions, which allows minimize the discharge of gravel during the more or less long period of evaporation of the solvents, where the fixing of the gravel on the pavement is strengthened.
  • This technique has the disadvantage of evaporating some 50,000 tonnes of solvents per year into the atmosphere.
  • the use of these solvents increases the cost of producing the surface coating.
  • Bitumen foam makes it possible to provide a decisive improvement in the production of surface coatings, by solving the problem of wetting gravel with viscous binders capable of withstanding intense, heavy and rapid traffic directly after implementation.
  • Patent FR-A-2 370 126 relates to a process for producing surface coatings in which a binder in the form of foam is used. The aggregates are then spread over a layer of bitumen in the foam state. The foam is produced either by injecting a gas into the binder brought to a temperature higher than the condensation temperature, or by vaporization of a liquid in a binder.
  • the foam is obtained by injecting a gas or a liquid into hot bitumen under pressure, the mixture of which begins to foam as soon as it leaves the ejection nozzles, by expansion of the gas or vaporization of the injected liquid. .
  • These foams continue to develop on the application support before finally deflating. Controlling the characteristics of these foams is very difficult, in particular its dimensional development and its lifespan (time taken to deflate to the point of losing its structural and behavioral advantages).
  • the present invention aims to provide a solution to the problems set out above and aims in particular to improve the characteristics of bitumen foams (lifetime %) so that they are fine and stable, and that their handling is facilitated.
  • the present invention provides a device and a method for producing and spreading bitumen which make it possible to develop a bitumen foam inside an enclosure and to spread it in a continuous veil, said foam having improved characteristics compared to to the foams of the prior art. It also relates to the use of the method and the device according to the invention, for the production of surface coatings.
  • Such a device remains simple to design, manufacture, operate, maintain and repair, and it can be very easily adapted to any bitumen spreading ramp, by adding only a water circuit and a circuit. of air.
  • the jets of sprayed bitumen and the jets of sprayed water completely overlap at least in the immediate vicinity of said grid, practically without impact on the side walls of the enclosure.
  • the production and spreading method according to the invention is characterized in that, inside an enclosure having an open face on the side towards which the spreading is carried out, said face being equipped with at least one grid, performs the simultaneous spraying of bitumen and water towards said grid, so as to ensure, near this last, the dispersion of water in the bitumen and in that a stream of air is produced simultaneously inside said enclosure, said stream of air passing through said enclosure and discharging through said grid.
  • the invention applies to the production of surface coatings, which involves a step of depositing bitumen foam on the support to be covered, a step of spreading gravel on said foam and a step of compacting said gravel.
  • This method of a type known per se, is characterized in that said deposit of foam is implemented according to the method described above.
  • bitumen also denotes bitumen incorporating additives.
  • additives are well known to those skilled in the art; they are essentially surfactants which promote the formation of foam and give the bitumen better adhesiveness.
  • these additives do not include the fluidizers and the fluxing agents, which it is precisely sought to eliminate. In some cases, the water may also contain wetting agents.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a cross-sectional view of a device according to the present invention.
  • This device comprises an enclosure 10 which can be fixed by any conventional means to a vehicle intended for spreading bitumen.
  • This enclosure of substantially parallelepiped shape has an open base 11, equipped with at least one grid.
  • the open base 11 has two parallel grids 12 and 12 ', spaced apart by a distance equal to or less than about 15 mm.
  • the enclosure 10 is further equipped with a plurality of bitumen spray nozzles 13 of which only one is visible here. These nozzles 13 are oriented along the axis 14 of the transverse section of the enclosure 10, perpendicular to the planes of the grids 12 and 12 ′. These nozzles are connected to a liquid bitumen supply circuit of known type which is not shown here.
  • the enclosure 10 further comprises water spray nozzles 15 coupled to a circuit independent of the bitumen supply circuit.
  • the axis 16 of the water spray nozzle 15 can advantageously be angularly offset with respect to the axis of the bitumen spray nozzle by an angle less than or equal to 15 °.
  • the choice of the particular nature and the adjustment of the spray nozzles 13 and 15 make it possible to obtain conical or lamelliform jets, completely overlapping at the level of the grid 12, without meeting the lateral faces of the enclosure 10.
  • the enclosure 10 finally comprises means (not shown here) which are intended to produce a current of air inside the latter. They consist, for example, of a blower fitted with heating means connected to a duct which opens onto a lateral face of the enclosure 10; the air current passes through the enclosure and is evacuated by the grids 12 and 12 ′.
  • the hot bitumen and the water at room temperature, both under pressure, are sprayed simultaneously on the grid 12 by the nozzles 13 and 15, respectively. Their impact on the grid 12 causes the bitumen and water to spray, allowing the bitumen to foam.
  • a current of forced hot air drives this foam out of the enclosure 10, through the grids 12 and 12 ′.
  • bitumen and its additives make it possible to evacuate a continuous sheet of bitumen foam over the entire length of the enclosure.
  • the adjustment of the speed of movement of the device allows the spreading of this sheet on the support to be covered.
  • bitumen and water supply circuits are closed.
  • bitumen has accumulated at the grids.
  • the hot air expels this bitumen from the enclosure and cleans the latter.
  • Tables I and II below give technical characteristics of the foams produced using a device such as that described with reference to FIG. 1. The tests were carried out with a bitumen spray nozzle equipped with a GIESLER type jet R.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates, very schematically, in longitudinal and transverse sections, an embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • the enclosure 20 comprises 8 conical bitumen spray jets 21 arranged at equal distance from each other.
  • the water spray nozzles 22 are arranged between the bitumen spray nozzles 21 so that at the level of the grid 23 the jets of bitumen 24 and water 25 overlap.
  • a lateral inlet 26 for hot air drives the foam formed through the grid 23.
  • the enclosure 20 is also equipped with a double convergent deflector 27 which channels the foam pushed beyond the grid 25 by the current d 'air.
  • FIG. 3 Another embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • the enclosure 30 comprises 8 conical bitumen spray jets 31.
  • the water spray nozzles 32 are oriented in the same direction as the bitumen spray nozzles 31
  • the adjustment of the nozzles 32 is such that a jet of bitumen 33, in the vicinity of the grid 34, is covered by the two water jets 35 and 35 ′ located on each side of the jet of bitumen 33.
  • the enclosure 30 is also equipped with an air inlet 36 and a double convergent deflector 37.
  • Figures 4 and 5 respectively, in longitudinal and cross section, and in top view.
  • the enclosure 40 comprises several nozzles 41 for spraying bitumen oriented towards the grid 46.
  • Water spray nozzles 43 are arranged on the lateral face 44 of the enclosure opposite the air duct 45, and just behind the nozzles 41 in the direction of movement of the device illustrated by two arrows in solid lines.
  • the bitumen jets 41 are flat jets parallel to each other. These jets can advantageously be inclined at an angle of 15 to 20 ° relative to the major axis of the device.
  • the bitumen outlet pressure may, in this particular case, be advantageously between 2.105 and 4.105 Pa.
  • the device of the present invention may include spraying equipment which consists of a central part and two unfoldable "extensions".
  • the preferred dimensions of these elements are approximately 2.40 m and 1.00 m, respectively.
  • the enclosure then comprises three elements which are juxtaposed. The interface between two consecutive elements consists of two vertical partitions which have no effect on the continuity of the foam mat.
  • the spreading width can also be adjusted by completely stopping one or more bitumen and water jets.
  • the enclosure is then fitted with vertical shutters.
  • the hydropneumatic or electric control for closing and opening the jets acts simultaneously on the flaps which move and isolate the spreading zone from the rest of the device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
  • Molding Of Porous Articles (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Claims (11)

1. Vorrichtung zum Herstellen und Ausbreiten von Bitumen im Schaumzustand, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß sie umfasst:
- eine Einfassung (10, 20, 30, 40) mit einer zu der Seite hin offenen Fläche (11), an der man die Ausbreitung vollzieht, wobei diese Fläche mit wenigstens einem Gitter (12, 12′, 23, 34, 46) ausgestattet ist,
- eine Ausrüstung zur gleichzeitigen Zerstäubung von Bitumen und Wasser gegen das Gitter (12, 23, 34, 46) hin, um in der Nähe des letzteren die Dispersion des Wassers in Bitumen zu gewährleisten, und
- Mittel zur Erzeugung eines Luftstroms im Inneren der Einfassung (10, 20, 30, 40), der die letztere durchquert und durch das Gitter (12, 23, 34, 46) hindurch austritt.
2. Vorrichtung zum Herstellen und Ausbreiten von Bitumen im Schaumzustand nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Strahlen aus zerstäubtem Bitumen und die Strahlen aus zerstäubtem Wasser vollständig zumindest in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft des Gitters und praktisch ohne auf die Seitenwände der Einfassung aufzutreffen überdecken.
3. Vorrichtung zum Herstellen und Ausbreiten von Bitumen im Schaumzustand nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zertäubungsausrüstung aus einer mit Bitumen gespeisten Spritzeinrichtung und aus einem unabhängigen Wassereinspeisstrom besteht, wobei beide mit wenigstens einer zum Gitter hin gerichteten Zerstäubungsdüse ausgestattet sind.
4. Vorrichtung zum Herstellen und Ausbreiten von Bitumen im Schaumzustand nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Bitumen-Zerstäubungsdüse (13, 21, 31, 41) im wesentlichen senkrecht zur Ebene des Gitters erstreckt.
5. Vorrichtung zum Herstellen und Ausbreiten von Bitumen im Schaumzustand nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Achse der Wasser-Zerstäubungsdüse (5, 22, 43) mit Bezug auf die Bitumen-Zerstäubungsdüse (13, 21, 41) winkelmäßig um einen Winkel kleiner oder gleich 15° versetzt ist.
6. Vorrichtung zum Herstellen und Ausbreiten von Bitumen im Schaumzustand nach einem der Ansprüche 1-5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel, die die Erzeugung des Luftstromes gestatten, von einem Gebläse gebildet sind, das mit wenigstens einer Leitung verbunden ist, welche auf wenigstens einer der Seitenflächen der Einfassung ausmündet.
7. Vorrichtung zum Herstellen und Ausbreiten von Bitumen im Schaumzustand nach einem der Ansprüche 1-6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie zwei parallele, einander benachbarte Gitter (12, 12′) umfasst, die voneinander durch einen Abstand kleiner oder gleich etwa 15 mm getrennt sind.
8. Vorrichtung zum Herstellen und Ausbreiten von Bitumen im Schaumzustand nach einem der Ansprüche 3-7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Druck am Ausgang der Bitumen-Zerstäubungsdüse wenigstens zwei 2 x 10⁵ Pa ist.
9. Vorrichtung zum Herstellen und Ausbreiten von Bitumen im Schaumzustand nach einem der Ansprüche 1-8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich wenigstens eine der großen Seitenflächen der Einfassung in einen Deflektor verlängert.
10. Verfahren zum Herstellen und Ausbreiten von Bitumen im Schaumzustand dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man im Inneren einer Einfassung (10, 20, 30, 40) mit einer zu der Seite hin offenen Fläche, an der man die Ausbreitung vollzieht, wobei diese Fläche mit wenigstens einem Gitter (12, 23, 34, 46) ausgestattet ist, die gleichzeitige Zerstäubung von Bitumen und Wasser gegen das Gitter hin durchführt, so daß in der Nähe des letzteren die Dispersion des Wassers in Bitumen gewährleistet ist, und daß man gleichzeitig im Inneren der Einfassung einen Luftstrom erzeugt, der die Einfassung (10, 20, 30, 40) durchquert und durch das Gitter (12, 23, 34, 46) austritt.
11. Anwendung des Verfahrens zum Herstellen und Ausbreiten nach Anspruch 10 bei der Verwirklichung von Oberflächenbeschichtungen.
EP88400614A 1987-03-19 1988-03-15 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen und Aufbringen von Schaumbitumen, Verwendung bei Oberflächenbehandlung Expired - Lifetime EP0283399B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88400614T ATE62033T1 (de) 1987-03-19 1988-03-15 Vorrichtung und verfahren zum herstellen und aufbringen von schaumbitumen, verwendung bei oberflaechenbehandlung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8703817A FR2612533B1 (fr) 1987-03-19 1987-03-19 Dispositif de repandage de bitume a l'etat de mousse, procede de mise en oeuvre et procede de realisation d'enduits superficiels
FR8703817 1987-03-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0283399A1 EP0283399A1 (de) 1988-09-21
EP0283399B1 true EP0283399B1 (de) 1991-03-27

Family

ID=9349199

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88400614A Expired - Lifetime EP0283399B1 (de) 1987-03-19 1988-03-15 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen und Aufbringen von Schaumbitumen, Verwendung bei Oberflächenbehandlung

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0283399B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE62033T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3862134D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2021845B3 (de)
FR (1) FR2612533B1 (de)
GR (1) GR3001722T3 (de)
PT (1) PT87020B (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29702162U1 (de) * 1997-02-08 1998-06-10 Wirtgen GmbH, 53578 Windhagen Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten von Fahrbahnen, sowie Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Schaumbitumen

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2643095B1 (fr) * 1989-02-10 1991-06-14 Lefebvre Jean Ets Procede et dispositif pour epandre un revetement, notamment un revetement routier de bitume
FR2663943B1 (fr) * 1990-06-29 1993-12-31 Beugnet Sa Liant bitumeux pour revetement de chaussees ainsi que procede pour la fabrication d'un tel liant.
FR2800104B1 (fr) * 1999-10-22 2002-01-11 Secmair Procede et vehicule pour l'execution d'un enduit superficiel sur une chaussee
WO2002066744A1 (fr) * 2001-02-21 2002-08-29 Secmair Procede et vehicule pour l'execution d'un enduit superficiel sur une chaussee
FR2849874B1 (fr) * 2003-01-14 2005-11-04 Famatec Dispositif d'injection d'une rampe d'elaboration et d'epandage d'un liant
FR2853918B1 (fr) 2003-04-18 2005-06-24 Htp Est Procede et dispositif de mise en oeuvre a chaud d'un enrobe bitumineux
US7114843B2 (en) 2003-07-21 2006-10-03 Htp Est Method of manufacturing a bituminous coated aggregate mix
ATE400674T1 (de) * 2006-01-10 2008-07-15 Siemens Ag Kaltspritzanlage und kaltspritzverfahren mit moduliertem gasstrom
DE102010013982A1 (de) * 2010-04-06 2011-10-06 Bomag Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Schaumbitumen und Verfahren zu deren Wartung
ITMI20101108A1 (it) * 2010-06-18 2011-12-19 Bernardi Impianti Internat S P A Generatore di bitume espanso e metodo di generazione di bitume espanso, particolarmente per la produzione di conglomerato bituminoso a freddo
CN103711059A (zh) * 2013-12-19 2014-04-09 福建南方路面机械有限公司 沥青发泡装置

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB881320A (en) * 1960-04-07 1961-11-01 Lydie Rotvand A generator for the production of mechanical foam
BE777772A (fr) * 1972-01-06 1972-07-06 Schiffers Soc Ets Generateur de mousse,
FR2370126A1 (fr) * 1976-11-04 1978-06-02 Mobil Oil France Nouveau procede pour la realisation d'enduits superficiels dans lequel on utilise un liant sous forme de mousse
GB8311680D0 (en) * 1983-04-28 1983-06-02 Mobil Oil Ltd Spraying mixture of binder
US4592507A (en) * 1983-10-05 1986-06-03 Benedict Charles R Apparatus and method for producing and uniformly applying foamed bituminous binders to road surfaces

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29702162U1 (de) * 1997-02-08 1998-06-10 Wirtgen GmbH, 53578 Windhagen Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten von Fahrbahnen, sowie Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Schaumbitumen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2612533A1 (fr) 1988-09-23
ATE62033T1 (de) 1991-04-15
PT87020A (pt) 1989-03-30
EP0283399A1 (de) 1988-09-21
DE3862134D1 (de) 1991-05-02
GR3001722T3 (en) 1992-11-23
ES2021845B3 (es) 1991-11-16
FR2612533B1 (fr) 1990-11-23
PT87020B (pt) 1995-05-31

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