EP0301059B1 - Dispositif de prise de son avec au moins deux micros ou instruments a cordes acoustiques, notamment pour guitares acoustiques - Google Patents
Dispositif de prise de son avec au moins deux micros ou instruments a cordes acoustiques, notamment pour guitares acoustiques Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0301059B1 EP0301059B1 EP88901540A EP88901540A EP0301059B1 EP 0301059 B1 EP0301059 B1 EP 0301059B1 EP 88901540 A EP88901540 A EP 88901540A EP 88901540 A EP88901540 A EP 88901540A EP 0301059 B1 EP0301059 B1 EP 0301059B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- foam body
- microphones
- recording device
- der
- die
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
- G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
- G10H3/14—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means
- G10H3/146—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means using a membrane, e.g. a drum; Pick-up means for vibrating surfaces, e.g. housing of an instrument
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
- G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
- G10H3/14—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means
- G10H3/18—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means using a string, e.g. electric guitar
Definitions
- the invention relates to a pickup device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for pickup according to the preamble of claim 11 and represents a further development of the pickup according to German utility model G 84 31 226.1, the so-called De Byl pickup.
- the object of the invention is based on the vibration and resonance technical explanations in the German utility model G 84 31 266.1, to improve the acoustic conditions when picking up an acoustic stringed instrument, especially an acoustic guitar. That is, the so-called de Byl effect is to be increased with a special design of the pickup device according to the invention, while at the same time an easier to handle and less expensive pickup device is aimed for.
- the geometric dimensions of the housing of the pickup device according to the invention can be kept relatively small.
- the foam body 1 shows a first embodiment of the pickup device with a foam body 1 which has a diameter of 130 mm and a height of 100 mm, upper and lower ribs 2a and 4a of 20 mm and 35 mm being included in this height . Furthermore, an upper inner rib 3a with a height of 15 mm is provided.
- the foam body 1 consists of two parts 12a and 13a of approximately the same height, which can be glued together and, in the combined state, form a cavity 7a which accommodates electronics.
- the foam body 1 has a substantially cylindrical lateral surface 9a.
- the upper and lower ribs 2a, 3a and 4a are concentric to the vertical axis X of the foam body 1, conical in cross section and are in linear contact with the cover or the bottom of the resonance body in the installed state of the pickup device.
- the entire surface of the foam body 1 can be coated with velvet.
- the foam body 1 On the lower side, the foam body 1 has a conical recess within the conical rib 4a.
- the conical surfaces 14a of the upper ribs 2a and 3a are inclined by 13 ° to the vertical axis X of the foam body 1.
- the outer and inner surfaces 15a and 16a of the conical lower rib 4a are inclined by 41 ° and 24 to the vertical axis.
- the contact tips of the upper and lower ribs 2a, 3a and 4a have a radius of curvature of 4 mm and 5 mm, respectively.
- the recess 11a on the lower end face of the foam body 1 has a depth of 35 mm and its diameter between the tips of the lower ribs 4a is 80 mm.
- the wedge-shaped surfaces 17a of the pointers 10a (FIG. 3) on the upper end surface are inclined at 45 ° to the vertical axis X.
- the cavity 7a receiving the electronics in the upper half 13a of the foam body 1 has a diameter of 40 mm and a height of 15 mm.
- a connecting cable 8a coming from outside the upper end face of the foam body is guided into the cavity 7a and connected to the electronics.
- Fig. 2 shows the possibility of centering the "De Byl" in the sound hole.
- the integrated wedge-shaped pointer 10a shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 shows the installation insert.
- the sectional view according to FIG. 4 shows the annular, open-pore foam body 1 of a second embodiment of the pickup device, the outer jacket 2 of which is circular-cylindrical and which in the preferred second embodiment shown has a diameter of 130 mm.
- the outer jacket 2 merges into a concentric upper rib 3 which is semicircular in cross section and which lies on the inner surface 4 of the lid 5 of the resonance body of the stringed instrument in a circular line.
- the diameter of the circular lines in FIG. 4 is 100 mm.
- the Radius of the upper semicircular ribs 3 is 15 mm.
- the upper semicircular rib 3 merges on the inside into an inner jacket 6 which tapers downward at an angle of 10 ° to the vertical axis of the foam body 1 and has a diameter of 54 mm at its lower end.
- the foam body 1 has a height of 100 mm, the circular cylindrical outer jacket 2 extending downwards up to 30 mm over the bottom 7 of the resonance body of the stringed instrument.
- the circular-cylindrical outer jacket 2 merges at its lower end into an inwardly bent part 8 with a radius of curvature of 22 mm, which in turn merges into a straight part 9 which extends inwards at an angle of 45 ° to the vertical axis A of the foam body 1.
- the latter finally merges into a lower concentric rib 10, which is semicircular in cross section and has a radius of 5 mm, which rests in a circular line on the bottom 7 of the resonance body of the stringed instrument.
- the diameter of this circular line is 82 mm.
- the lower semicircular rib 10 looks upwards into a rectilinear part 11, which runs obliquely upwards at an angle of 25 ° to the vertical axis of the foam body 1, which in turn merges upwards into a curved part 12 with a radius of curvature of 40 mm, which at the end of the downwardly tapered inner shell 6 of the foam body 1 passes into the latter at a height of 30 mm above the bottom 7 of the resonance body.
- the foam body 1 is easily compressible, can be inserted comfortably through the sound hole 13 of the stringed instrument into the resonance body and, due to its elasticity, can be securely clamped against the floor 7 and the ceiling 5 of the resonance body in a linear manner. 4, the diameter of the sound hole 13 is somewhat smaller than 100 mm.
- FIG. 5 shows that two microphones 14, which are arranged in channel-like cavities 15 formed radially in the foam body 1, enclose an opening angle ⁇ of 90 °, the bisector 16 of the opening angle ⁇ coinciding with the diameter of the sound hole 13, which runs in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the guitar fretboard.
- the two microphones 14 are directed into the large part of the resonance room.
- an elastic, self-contained skin 19 is applied to the outer jacket 2 of the annular foam body 1, which is essentially cylindrical, and is connected to the foam.
- the microphones 14 are above the valve base 18 of the respective valve with the elastic skin 19 tense.
- the skin 19 extends in the direction of the vertical axis A of the annular foam body 1 from 15 mm below the upper edge to 70 mm below the upper edge of the foam body 1.
- the stopper 20 has an upper circular-cylindrical, plate-shaped part with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 5 mm, which continues in one piece in a part 21 which is bent inwards with a radius of curvature of 15 mm and which in turn tapers downwards , part 22 having a diameter of 61 mm runs out at the lower end.
- the plug 20 has a height of 45 mm in the direction of the vertical axis A.
- the annular foam body 1 (FIG. 8b) can be placed on a base-like foam body 23 according to FIG. 8a that can be placed on the bottom 7 of the resonance body
- the base-like foam body 23, as shown in FIG. 8a, has a circular cylindrical lower part 24, preferably with a diameter of 90 mm and a height of 30 mm in the direction of the vertical axis A, which upwards into a curved part 25 with a radius of curvature of 5 mm, which in turn continues into a part 26 tapering upwards at an angle of 25 ° to the vertical axis A.
- the part 26 has a diameter of 62 mm at its upper end.
- the parts 25 and 26 form a suitable protrusion which protrudes into the lower central opening 27 of the annular foam body 1 (FIG. 8b).
- the height of the protrusion 25, 26 in the direction of the vertical axis A is 15 mm.
- FIG. 9a and 9b show a top view and a side view, respectively, of a housing 28 made of mu-metal containing the electronics of the pickup device, which is relatively small and robust and accommodates a battery block 29 (FIG. 10) of 9 volts.
- the mu-metal of the housing 28 protects the electronics located inside, whose circuit is shown in Fig. 10, against external electromagnetic interference fields.
- the housing 28 On the output side, the housing 28 has a commercially available, multipole miniature flange socket 30 for all outputs.
- a multi-core cable is provided on the input side for all inputs.
- the housing 28 has a diameter of 70 mm (FIG. 9a) and a height of 20 mm (FIG. 9b).
- a light-emitting diode D1 (FIGS. 9b and 10) can be used to indicate whether the power supply to the pickup device is carried out via phantom power.
- Fig. 10 shows the circuit of the electronics of the pickup device with optional power supply via the battery block 29 located in the housing 28 or the phantom feed.
- Fig. 10 shows two outputs K1 and K2 for mixer inputs with phantom power according to DIN 45596, symmetrical 200 O h m, to each of which a backelectret microphone capsule Q1 or Q2 can be connected via an impedance transforming low-frequency transformer T1 or T2.
- a series circuit of metal film resistors R1 and R2 and R3 and R4 is connected in parallel to the primary part of the low-frequency part T1 and T2.
- An electrolytic capacitor C1 or C2 is connected in series with the secondary part of the low-frequency part T1 or T2 and the backelectret microphone capsule Q1 or Q2.
- a metal film resistor Rel or R8 is connected in parallel to each backelectret microphone capsule Q1 or Q2 in the line branch.
- Outputs K3 or K4 for instrument amplifier inputs asymmetrical 20 kOhm are provided in the secondary line branch of the low-frequency part T1 or T2, which in turn also has a grounded direct connection for the mixer outputs K1 and K2.
- the metal film resistors R1 and R2 of the primary-side switching part of the low-frequency part T1 leads a line 31 through a metal film resistor R5 a downstream Zener diode Z1, the light-emitting diode D1 for the display in phantom mode, a downstream metal film resistor R6 to the backelectret microphone capsule Q2.
- the backelectret microphone capsule Q 1 is also connected to line 30.
- the output of the metal film resistor R6 is connected to earth via a Zener diode Z2.
- the battery block 29 is connected to the line 31 via a silicon diode to protect the battery between the light emitting diode D 1 to indicate the phantom power operation and the metal film resistor R6.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Stringed Musical Instruments (AREA)
Claims (17)
- Dispositif de prise de son avec au moins deux microphones pour instruments acoustiques à cordes, notamment pour guitares acoustiques, avec un corps en mousse qui peut être introduit par l'ouie de l'instrument de telle façon que des parties au moins de sa face inférieure soient en contact avec le fond de la caise de résonance et des parties de sa face supérieure soient en contact avec la partie supérieure de la caisse de résonance, de façon à ce qu'il soit calé, avec dans le corps en mousse, des cavités en forme de canaux, dans lesquelles les microphones sont placés et avec un boîtier recevant une électronique reliée aux microphones par un câble de raccordement, caractérisé par le fait que le corps en mousse (1) présente une surface enveloppante essentiellement cylindrique (9a) avec des nervures concentriques et côniques en coupe transversale sur la face extérieure supérieure et inférieure (2a; 3a; 4a;), qui se trouve en contact linéaire avec la face supérieure ou avec le fond de la caisse de résonance.
- Dispositif de prise de son selon spécification 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'une cavité (7a) est prévue à peu près au milieu du corps en mousse (1) pour recevoir le boîtier (28) abritant l'électronique.
- Dispositif de prise de son selon spécification 1 et 2, caractérisé par le fait que la totalité de la face supérieure du corps en mousse (1) est recouverte de velours.
- Dispositif de prise de son selon spécification 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que les nervures concentriques et côniques en coupe transversale (2a; 3a) sur la face extérieure supérieure du corps en mousse (1) constituent un système de centrage par rapport à l'ouie ainsi qu'une sécurité contre le glissement.
- Dispositif de prise de son selon spécification 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que les nervures concentriques (2a; 3a) sur la face extérieure supérieure présentent une hauteur différente.
- Dispositif de prise de son selon spécification 5, caractérisé par le fait que la nervure extérieure (2a) est plus haute que le nervure intérieure (3a).
- Dispositif de prise de son selon spécification 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait qu'un index cunéiforme (10a) est intégré à la face extérieure supérieure qui représente une indication de montage ainsi qu'une indication de l'angle pour le positionnement des capsules de microphones en direction des cordes de guitare.
- Dispositif de prise de son selon spécification 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que le corps en mousse (1) présente en sa face extérieure inférieure un évidement cunéiforme (11a) à l'intérieur de la nervure cônique (3a; 4a).
- Dispositif de prise de son selon spécification 2, caractérisé par le fait que le corps en mousse (1) est composé de deux parties (12a; 13a) de hauteur à peu près égale pouvant être collées ensemble et qui une fois assemblées constituent la cavité (7a) recevant l'électronique.
- Dispositif de prise de son selon spécification 1 à 9, caractérisé par le fait que le corps en mousse (1) présente un diamètre de 130 mm et une hauteur de 100 mm dans laquelle est comprise la hauteur de la nervure extérieure supérieure et inférieure (2a ou 4a) de 20 mm ou 35 mm, que la nervure supérieure intérieure (3a) présente une hauteur de 15 mm, que les faces côniques (14a) des nervures supérieures (2a, 3a) sont inclinées vers l'axe vertical des X du corps en mousse (1) de 13°, que la face extérieure et intérieure (15a ou 16a) de la nervure cônique inférieure (4a) est inclinée vers l'axe vertical des X de 41° ou de 24°, que les extrémités d'appui des nervures supérieures et inférieures (2a; 3a; ou 4a) présentent un rayon de courbure de 4 mm ou 5 mm, que l'évidement (11a) sur la face extérieure présente une profondeur de 35 mm et que son diamètre entre les extrémités de la nervure inférieure (4a) est de 80 mm, que les faces cunéiformes (17a) de l'index (10a) sont inclinées vers l'axe vertical des X de 45° sur la face externe supérieure, et que la cavité recevant l'électronique (7a) présente dans la moitié supérieure (13a) du corps en mousse (1) un diamètre de 40 mm et une hauteur de 15 mm.
- Procédé de prise de son au moyen d'un dispositif de prise de son avec au moins deux microphones pour instruments à cordes, notamment pour guitares acoustiques, avec un corps en mousse qui est introduit dans l'ouie de l'instrument de telle façon que des parties de sa face inférieure soient en contact avec le fond de la caisse de résonance et que des parties de sa face supérieure soient en contact avec la partie supérieure de la caisse de résonance, de façon à être calé entre les deux parties de la caisse de résonance, avec dans le corps en mousse des cavités en forme de canaux, dans lesquelles les microphones sont placés et avec un boîtier recevant une électronique reliée aux microphones par un câble de raccordement, caractérisé par le fait que le corps en mousse (1) repose de façon à peu près linéaire sur le fond (7) de la caisse de résonance et prend appui sur la face interne (4) de la partie supérieure (5) de la caisse de résonance, que les deux microphones (14) sont placés ensemble dans la surface de l'enveloppe extérieure (2) du corps en mousse (1) radialement sous un angle d'ouverture de 90°et les bissectrices (16) étant orientées parallèlement au diamètre de l'ouie (13), qui est placé en direction de l'axe longitudinal du manche de la guitare, les microphones (14) étant placés de façon symétrique par rapport à cette direction de diamètre et orientés vers la grande partie de l'espace de résonance, et que le boîtier (28) recevant l'électronique est placé en dehors du corps en mousse (1).
- Procédé de prise de son selon spécification 11, caractérisé par le fait que l'enveloppe externe du corps en mousse a une forme essentiellement cylindrique et se termine sur sa face supérieure et inférieure par une nervure concentrique et semi-circulaire en coupe transversale qui est mise en contact linéaire avec la partie supérieure ou le fond de la caisse de résonance.
- Procédé de prise de son selon spécification 11 et 12, caractérisé par le fait que l'enveloppe externe cylindrique du corps en mousse est recouverte jusqu'à la moitié d'une pellicule hermétique, élastique et adhérant à la mousse et que les membranes des microphones sont placées au même niveau que la pellicule.
- Procédé de prise de son selon spécification 11 à 13, caractérisé par le fait que les microphones sont placés dans l'orifice central d'une embase de valve habituellement utilisé dans les chambres à air de vélo et prévu pour recevoir une valve et fixés au-dessus de l'embase de valve avec la pellicule élastique.
- Procédé de prise de son selon spécification 11, caractérisé par le fait que le corps en mousse est en forme d'anneau dont l'ouverture centrale supérieure est fermée par un bouchon en mousse aux micropores.
- Procédé de prise de son selon l'une des spécifications 11 à 15, caractérisé par le fait que le couplage de l'électronique est équipé d'une pile compacte de 9 volts placé dans le boîtier et de deux circuits de commutation pour deux capsules de microphones à électrète bakélisé qui sont reliées par transformateur à basse fréquence à deux entrées de pupitre de mixage, les capsules de microphones à électrète bakélisé étant au choix déconnectées de la pile compacte et reliées à une alimentation fantôme.
- Procédé de prise de son selon spécification 11, caractérisé par le fait que le corps en mousse (1) est en forme d'anneau à pores ouverts.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT88901540T ATE81558T1 (de) | 1987-02-08 | 1988-02-08 | Tonabnehmervorrichtung mit mindestens zwei mikrofonen fuer akustische saiteninstrumente, insbesonder fuer akustische gitarren. |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE8702014U DE8702014U1 (de) | 1987-02-08 | 1987-02-08 | Tonabnehmervorrichtung mit mindestens zwei Mikrofonen für akustische Saiteninstrumente, insbesondere für akustische Gitarren |
| DE8702014U | 1987-02-08 | ||
| DE8711963U DE8711963U1 (de) | 1987-09-01 | 1987-09-01 | Tonabnehmervorrichtung mit mindestens zwei Mikrofonen für akustische Saiteninstrumente, insbesondere für akustische Gitarren |
| DE8711963U | 1987-09-01 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0301059A1 EP0301059A1 (fr) | 1989-02-01 |
| EP0301059B1 true EP0301059B1 (fr) | 1992-10-14 |
Family
ID=25951521
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP88901540A Expired - Lifetime EP0301059B1 (fr) | 1987-02-08 | 1988-02-08 | Dispositif de prise de son avec au moins deux micros ou instruments a cordes acoustiques, notamment pour guitares acoustiques |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4949619A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0301059B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE81558T1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE3875297D1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1988005952A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5401900A (en) * | 1993-01-14 | 1995-03-28 | Actodyne General, Inc. | Mounting assembly for an acoustic pick-up |
| US5464948A (en) * | 1994-04-22 | 1995-11-07 | Actodyne General, Inc. | Sensor assembly for a stringed musical instrument |
| US5641932A (en) * | 1995-01-19 | 1997-06-24 | Actodyne General, Inc. | Sensor assembly for stringed musical instruments |
| US8822805B2 (en) * | 2007-05-17 | 2014-09-02 | Eliton, Llc | Musical instrument |
| US20120312146A1 (en) * | 2011-06-11 | 2012-12-13 | Benjamin Randal Bekerman | Interface Adapter for Installation of a Standard Magnetic Pickup into an Acoustic Guitar Sound Hole |
| CN103686484A (zh) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-26 | 刘骏涛 | 一种音箱 |
| WO2014110718A1 (fr) * | 2013-01-15 | 2014-07-24 | Liu Juntao | Haut-parleur en forme d'arc |
| CN103079129A (zh) * | 2013-01-16 | 2013-05-01 | 刘骏涛 | 一种圆弧形音箱 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1529057A (en) * | 1974-11-25 | 1978-10-18 | Biro D | Electronic musical instrument |
| US4151777A (en) * | 1975-11-27 | 1979-05-01 | Ikuo Nosaka | Piano sound pickup method and device |
| US4182214A (en) * | 1977-02-10 | 1980-01-08 | Birotronics Ltd. | Electronic musical instrument |
| DE3413510A1 (de) * | 1984-04-10 | 1984-10-31 | Werner Dipl.-Ing. 8000 München Widmeier | Vorrichtung zur schallabnahme bei saitenmusikinstrumenten mit resonanzkorpus |
| DE8431266U1 (de) * | 1984-10-22 | 1985-04-11 | Byl, Franz de, 1000 Berlin | Tonabnehmervorrichtung mit mindestens zwei mikrofonen fuer akustische saiteninstrumente, insbesondere fuer akustische gitarren |
-
1988
- 1988-02-08 DE DE8888901540T patent/DE3875297D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-08 WO PCT/DE1988/000055 patent/WO1988005952A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1988-02-08 EP EP88901540A patent/EP0301059B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-08 US US07/275,040 patent/US4949619A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-02-08 AT AT88901540T patent/ATE81558T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0301059A1 (fr) | 1989-02-01 |
| US4949619A (en) | 1990-08-21 |
| ATE81558T1 (de) | 1992-10-15 |
| WO1988005952A1 (fr) | 1988-08-11 |
| DE3875297D1 (de) | 1992-11-19 |
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