EP0302951A1 - Procédé de fabrication de cribles en fil métallique - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de cribles en fil métallique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0302951A1
EP0302951A1 EP87111546A EP87111546A EP0302951A1 EP 0302951 A1 EP0302951 A1 EP 0302951A1 EP 87111546 A EP87111546 A EP 87111546A EP 87111546 A EP87111546 A EP 87111546A EP 0302951 A1 EP0302951 A1 EP 0302951A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wire
wires
welding
heat
screen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87111546A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
John Donald Collier
James William Scheeler
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority to US06/761,476 priority Critical patent/US4686342A/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP87111546A priority patent/EP0302951A1/fr
Publication of EP0302951A1 publication Critical patent/EP0302951A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process for making wire mesh, and, more particularly, to a process for making steel wire products having a high carbon content.
  • wire screens made of mesh products for various purposes.
  • Wire made from high carbon steel has been used as screens in mining, quarry, sand and gravel, steel milling, coal, coking and slag operations and other similar operations such as security barriers in areas requiring a high degree of security. It is important for these uses that the screen be made from high carbon steels because of their high degrees of hardness which gives highest resistance to wear and hence longer working life.
  • the metal mats and the area near the crossing points of the bars to be welded is subjected to a heating cycle comprised of a first heating period so as to gradually raise the metal to a predetermined temperature above ambient or room temperature, followed by a second cooling period to again gradually reduce the temperature to room temperature according to a continuous time function.
  • the welding of the bars takes place during the brief interval or transition from the heating to the cooling period.
  • the patent states that the heat for preheating the metal can be supplied by any suitable source such as hot air. This patent is not concerned with the use of high carbon steel nor are the problems associated with welding this type material discussed or recognized.
  • the preheating temperature used in the process of this prior art patent is relatively low.
  • US-A-4,021,634 is directed to a mesh welding machine for welding two cross groups of parallel wires. There is not any mention in the patent of welding high carbon wire screens nor of the problems associated therewith.
  • US-A-3,405,743 is directed to an apparatus for fabricating a reinforcing mat in which large diameter rods are used.
  • US-A-3,734,383 relates to friction welding of longitudinal wires of a mesh. There is not any disclosure in this patent of the use of high carbon steel.
  • each welding head in the machine consists of an electrode above the product plane and an electrode below the plane. These are interconnected by a piece which is rigid with the upper electrode and to which the lower electrode is movably mounted. Means are provided to vertically reciprocate below the lower electrode in order that each longitudinal wire is moved upwards against the transverse wire during welding.
  • US-A- 4,023,600 relates to a method of pro­ducing wire mesh using low carbon wire rod material.
  • CA-A- 709,370 discloses a method of producing steels of high strength in which the steel is heated above its transformation temperature then quenched with the corresponding transformation to a metal consist­ing essentially of martensite. The metal is then tempered up to about 400°F and it is subjected to a stress having a value between the yield strength of the unstressed metal and the value required to effect a permanent strain of about 4% thereon. There is nothing in the patent regarding the process of welding high carbon wire steels.
  • CA-A-830,261 is directed to a machine for manufacturing welded wire netting and is particularly concerned with the rollers on the machine for making the wire mesh. Again, there is no disclosure of welding high carbon steel.
  • CA-A- 881,892 again deals with a machine for making welded wire mesh and is directed to welding heads which are adjustable in such machines.
  • CA-A-910,163 deals with the making of steel springs and wherein the welding wire is not mentioned.
  • CA-A 332,887 does not mention the welding of wire;
  • CA-A- 366,003 deals with the welding of soft wire; making wire screen is the subject of CA-A-371 529 but there is no mention made therein of wire of high carbon steel and CA-A-417,677 is directed to metal heating.
  • Welding operations usually necessitate the local application of heat, the amount of heat applied and the temperature locally attained depending upon the type of weld to be made.
  • the temperature at the heated area may be only sufficient to render the meeting surfaces of the members semi-plastic as in forge welding or sufficient to melt the meeting sur­faces thoroughly as in full fusion welding.
  • the heat is usually applied only to or adjacent to the surfaces to be united, metal adjacent to and remote from the heated surfaces is also heated by conduction from the directly heated surfaces. Such heating being uneven tends to warp and distort the welded article or, in some cases, cause brittleness.
  • High carbon steel is generally defined as steel or steel alloys having 0.5% to 1.5% carbon. Steel below this amount usually 0.10% to 0.3% is referred to as low or mild carbon steel. Steel having carbon contents between these two forms is usually referred to with reference to the percent carbon and not as "high" or "low” carbon steel.
  • the grade of steel used for wire screens is that which has the highest hardness and consequently the lowest wear rate which is deemed to having the longest screen life. This occurs when the carbon content of the steel is at least 0.7%.
  • This hardness is related to iron-carbon constituent martensite which is the hardest of those listed above.
  • the speci­fication of the steel is covered by AISI No. 1070, 1074 and 1078 and the martensite becomes harder still when quenched from an elevated temperature. This quench­ing should be by oil rather than water as the rate of cooling with water is too severe and will induce cracks.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an efficient and reliable automatic method for the production of steel wire screens wherein the diameter of the wire is substantially larger than heretofore possible in prior art automatic methods.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide a novel method for the production of steel wire products and mesh screens that are stronger and have a substantially longer life than previously attain­able using prior art welding methods with low carbon steel.
  • Yet another object of this invention is to provide a method wherein a novel welding process is used to produce welded high carbon steel wire screens.
  • Still yet another object of this invention is to provide a novel process for the production of high carbon steel wire screens that is automatic and uses a welding process with steel wires having a higher carbon content and width diameter than heretofore used.
  • wire having the following diameters is heated for the time as indicated in the below table: TABLE I POST HEAT Wire Diameter Inches Heating Time In Seconds 0.1 - .20 210 0.21-.40 228 0.41-.60 252 0.61-.80 276 0.81-1.0 300 Obviously, if the wire diameter exceeds 1.0 inches, the heating time can be incrementally increased according to the ratio as indicated in the above table. After this heat period has elapsed, the wire is quenched in oil and the resulting structure is a strong, hard high carbon steel wire mesh with welded interfaces. In the present invention, it is desirable to use AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) 1070, 1074, 1078 in the drawn condition; that is, not oil tempered.
  • AISI American Iron and Steel Institute
  • the weld joint is slowly heated by applying a pulse of current of about 30-50% of weld pulse, which is insufficient to weld, but capable of elevating the temperature in the vicinity of the weld and allowing the heat to disperse into the adjacent steel. Then the full amount of current will be applied causing fusion to occur, that is, weld. At this point, the weld area could be brittle like glass; it is necessary to achieve a "dispersion of the martensite" by holding the steel at an elevated temperature of approximately 1575°F - 1625°F (upper critical range) for a prolonged period of several minutes (see Table II below) before quenching in oil or other suitable medium.
  • the result should be a fine homogenous martensite structure with well dispersed cementite. It is desirable to have well dispersed cementite because when dispersed, it tends to be modular and not of a lattice structure, which would encourage stress concentrations along the boundary and subsequent cracking.
  • hooks are allowed to be formed. These hooks are put into a woven screen by heating the edge of the screen flattening the crimps, re-heating and bending on a 12 foot brake press.
  • a woven screen may weigh 200-600 pounds, so the present method of hooking is labor-intensive.
  • High carbon steel is generally defined as steel or steel alloys having 0.5% to 1.5% carbon. Steel below this amount, usually 0.10% to 0.3%, is referred to as low carbon steel. Steel having car­bon contents between these two forms is usually referred to with reference to the percent carbon and not as "high" or "low” carbon steel.
  • Any suitable wire may be used to form the screen of this invention.
  • Typical wire diameters that can be utilized are .032" to 1.00".
  • suitable wires are described in detail in Catalog 110, "Wire Cloth and Wire Screens", published by Greening Donald Co., Ltd., and Catalog No. 13, Buffalo Wire Works Co., of 320 Terrace, Buffalo, New York.
  • the range of wire diameter utilizable with the process of this invention is significantly greater than heretofore possible.
  • the initial heating step of this invention uses a temperature of from about 700°F to 1000°F and, as above noted, the time of heating depends upon the diameter of the wires used. TABLE II Diameter of Wire Temp. Used °F Time of Heating .032 - .105 700 - 1000° 2/60 second .106 - .375 700 - 1000° 2/60 second .376 - .625 700 - 1000° 3/60 second .626 - 1.00 700 - 1000° 3/60 second
  • the second and post weld heating step involves from about 1575°F to 1625°F, and the time of heating and temperature is indicated below: TABLE III Diameter of Wire Temp. Used °F Time of Heating .032 - .105 1575° - 1625° 200 seconds .106 - .375 1575° - 1625° 228 seconds .376 - .625 1575° - 1625° 252 seconds .626 - 1.00 1575° - 1625° 300 seconds
  • the quenching step involves the use of an oil quench or other suitable medium. Suitable available oils as used in this step are mineral oils available from Shell Oil, Texaco and Exxon.
  • the quenching step involves passing a continuous curtain of oil across the full width of the screen.
  • this invention provides a novel welding method for producing steel wire products including wire mesh having a high carbon content.
  • This method comprises arranging wires containing a high carbon steel relative to each other to form a predetermined mesh screen.
  • the wires are caused to intersect each other during the formation of said predetermined mesh.
  • a current or other method is applied to cause heating the area of the junctions of said intersecting wires at a temperature of from about 700°F to about 1000°F for a period to permit subsequent welding of said wires.
  • This permits heating said area to a temperature below the fusing point of said wires and also permitting said heat to disperse to wire areas adjacent said area of the junctions.
  • a full pulse of weld current is applied and welding occurs.
  • the resulting wire screen is then quenched with oil.
  • a steel wire composed of AISI 1070 in the drawn condition was used in this example.
  • the wire had a carbon content of 0.7%.
  • the wire had a wire diameter of .312 inches.
  • Several strands of the wire were laid perpendicular to each other and in an electrical resistance welding M/C a pulse was applied at their joints causing a heat imparted thereto of 700°F to 1000°F. This heat was maintained for 3.5 seconds sufficient to allow the heat to disperse into the adjacent steel areas.
  • the current was increased to accomplish the weld.
  • the post weld elevated temperature cycle occurs where temperatures are elevated to 1575°F to 1625°F. At this point, the weld area could be brittle like glass. When the steel was held at 1575° - 1625°F for 228 seconds, the weld was strong and secure.
  • the drawing illustrates a schematic of the pre­ferred sequential steps in the process of this invention.
  • the schematic drawing of the welding system and stations of this invention has the following numerical designations:
  • the high carbon steel wire is provided in the form of a wire coil or is straightened pre-­cut in preparation for the subsequent welding operation depending upon the volume desired.
  • the wires are automatically crossed into the desired mesh configuration and the preheating step occurs.
  • the spacing of the wires are set and controlled at this station.
  • the welding also occurs at station 2.
  • the wires all across the screen are held in contact with each other for welding by pneumatic action.
  • the pre-heat pulse is applied after the wires are set but before welding. See above Table II. Then the welding pulse is applied and welding occurs at station 2. At station 3 during this phase, induction heating coils located beneath the newly welded mesh will hold all the mesh at the post heat temperature for the required times. See Table III above.
  • pneumatic hook forming heads are located to allow hooks to be formed while the wire mesh is undergoing exposure to elevated temperatures of station 3.
  • an oil quench curtain is located which com­prises a header above the mesh, and an oil reservoir below with a cooler, pump and filter. However, any other suitable quench system may be used.
  • a traversing elastic wheel is located to cut the hard wire mesh into the final product. At station 7, the final product is prepared for packing and shipping.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
EP87111546A 1985-08-01 1987-08-10 Procédé de fabrication de cribles en fil métallique Withdrawn EP0302951A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/761,476 US4686342A (en) 1985-08-01 1985-08-01 Process for making wire mesh screens
EP87111546A EP0302951A1 (fr) 1987-08-10 1987-08-10 Procédé de fabrication de cribles en fil métallique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP87111546A EP0302951A1 (fr) 1987-08-10 1987-08-10 Procédé de fabrication de cribles en fil métallique

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EP0302951A1 true EP0302951A1 (fr) 1989-02-15

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE35335C (de) * E. KREISS in Hamburg Durch Schweifsung vereinigtes Drahtgeflecht für Siebe
DE1865139U (de) * 1960-09-08 1963-01-10 Kurt Grube Vorrichtung zur waermebehandlung von geschweissten stahldraehten.
US3539752A (en) * 1965-08-12 1970-11-10 Baustahlgewebe Gmbh Fabrication of steel mats
DE1817206B1 (de) * 1968-12-27 1970-12-23 Koushuhanetsuren Kabushiki Kai Verfahren zur Erhaltung der mechanischen Eigenschaften von verschweisstem Baustahlmaterial an Punktschweissungen bei der Herstellung von vorgespannten Stahlstabkaefigen fuer Spannbetonkonstruktionen
US3592998A (en) * 1968-03-27 1971-07-13 Metallurg Hainaut Sambre Sa So Process for resistance welding elements having different masses
DE1458967B2 (de) * 1964-04-20 1971-09-09 AVI Alpenländische Veredelungs-Industrie GmbH, Graz, Steiermark (Österreich) Verfahren zum herstellen von bauelementen aus stahl insbeson dere von bewehrungselementen fuer stahlbetonkonstruktionen
DE2452992A1 (de) * 1973-11-15 1975-05-28 Arbed Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von geschweissten metallgittern

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE35335C (de) * E. KREISS in Hamburg Durch Schweifsung vereinigtes Drahtgeflecht für Siebe
DE1865139U (de) * 1960-09-08 1963-01-10 Kurt Grube Vorrichtung zur waermebehandlung von geschweissten stahldraehten.
DE1458967B2 (de) * 1964-04-20 1971-09-09 AVI Alpenländische Veredelungs-Industrie GmbH, Graz, Steiermark (Österreich) Verfahren zum herstellen von bauelementen aus stahl insbeson dere von bewehrungselementen fuer stahlbetonkonstruktionen
US3539752A (en) * 1965-08-12 1970-11-10 Baustahlgewebe Gmbh Fabrication of steel mats
US3592998A (en) * 1968-03-27 1971-07-13 Metallurg Hainaut Sambre Sa So Process for resistance welding elements having different masses
DE1817206B1 (de) * 1968-12-27 1970-12-23 Koushuhanetsuren Kabushiki Kai Verfahren zur Erhaltung der mechanischen Eigenschaften von verschweisstem Baustahlmaterial an Punktschweissungen bei der Herstellung von vorgespannten Stahlstabkaefigen fuer Spannbetonkonstruktionen
DE2452992A1 (de) * 1973-11-15 1975-05-28 Arbed Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von geschweissten metallgittern

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