EP0308644A2 - Transducteur ultrasonore focalisé - Google Patents

Transducteur ultrasonore focalisé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0308644A2
EP0308644A2 EP88113188A EP88113188A EP0308644A2 EP 0308644 A2 EP0308644 A2 EP 0308644A2 EP 88113188 A EP88113188 A EP 88113188A EP 88113188 A EP88113188 A EP 88113188A EP 0308644 A2 EP0308644 A2 EP 0308644A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transducer
elements
converter
zones
focus
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88113188A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0308644A3 (en
EP0308644B1 (fr
Inventor
Helmut Dipl.-Ing. Wurster
Werner Dipl.-Ing. Krauss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Richard Wolf GmbH
Original Assignee
Richard Wolf GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Richard Wolf GmbH filed Critical Richard Wolf GmbH
Publication of EP0308644A2 publication Critical patent/EP0308644A2/fr
Publication of EP0308644A3 publication Critical patent/EP0308644A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0308644B1 publication Critical patent/EP0308644B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0607—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements
    • B06B1/0622—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements on one surface
    • B06B1/0625—Annular array
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
    • G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
    • G10K11/32—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning characterised by the shape of the source

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a focusing transducer for generating ultrasound pulses for the destruction of objects inside the body, such as concrements and tissue parts, consisting of a spherical cap with mosaic-like arranged on the concave spherical cap, piezoelectric transducer elements which can be excited to oscillate by means of a control device, the transducer can be aligned with the focus on the transducer axis on the respective object and the generated ultrasound pulses can be transmitted to the patient's body via a coupling medium.
  • DE-A1 27 12 341 shows an ultrasound transducer made of piezoelectric material suitable for ultrasound examination in diagnostic medicine, in which the transducer body is concavely curved is to achieve acoustic focusing of the sound waves in a fixed focus, which is given by the curvature of the transducer.
  • concentric ring electrodes are arranged around a central electrode, which face an electrode extending over the entire active surface.
  • the position of the focal point on the axis of the transducer can be varied in the sense of a shortening or lengthening of the acoustic focal length given by the geometric structure, to the point of infinity.
  • DE-Al 31 19 295 also discloses a device similar to the device described above for destroying concrements located in body cavities.
  • Characteristic feature of this device is a focusing ultrasonic transducer, which is designed as a direct sound system and is so large that the sound power density on the transmission path is so small that tissue damage is avoided, but in the acoustic focal point it is so large that it destroys the concretion at the focal point is sufficient.
  • the division of the transducer surface into rings or into individual transducers assembled in a matrix serves to be able to variably adjust the transducer focus electronically according to the phased array principle.
  • the aim of lithrotripsy has been to avoid the occurrence of negative pressure pulses or at least to reduce them to such an extent that cavitation phenomena can be excluded.
  • the measures taken here relate to a special mechanical structure of the transducer, the aim being that the wave resistance of the material forming the carrier calotte for the transducer elements largely coincides with that of the transducer elements and that the rear calotte surface has no focusing effect. Due to the freedom of reflection given thereby, the deformations of the transducer elements can follow the electrically predetermined pulse shape.
  • Such measures make a transducer designed in this way particularly suitable for the destruction of concrements, but they cannot be used for the targeted destruction of tissue cells, for example in cancer therapy.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an ultrasonic transducer which is suitable for the destruction of concretions as well as tissue cells and which enables the sound pulses to be generated almost arbitrarily in terms of their amplitude, phase position, polarity, shape and duration .
  • transducer mentioned at the outset in that the active transducer surface is subdivided into a plurality of zones oriented to the transducer focus, each of which is assigned a selected number of transducer elements, and in that the transducer zones are optionally serial and / or for generating at least one sound pulse can be controlled in parallel individually, in groups and overall with the control unit.
  • the converter zones can be in the form of concentric rings elements run around the transducer axis or form the shape of spherical surface sectors, but they can also have a shape which is characterized by a combination of the aforementioned transducer shapes.
  • the shape of the sound lobe generated can be influenced by appropriate wiring of the transducer elements or transducer zones, so that it can have, for example, an oval or elliptical cross section if, for example, some transducer zones located on the edge of the transducer surface are not activated.
  • This has the advantage, among other things, that the sound lobe can be adapted to the anatomical conditions, which is important in the case when the patient's ribs should narrow the sound window to a concrement located in the kidney.
  • the amplitude and / or the duration and / or the polarity of the overall sound pulse effective in the converter focus can also be set by serial control of converter zones and by superimposing the sound pulses generated by these in the focus area.
  • a targeted use of the transducer according to the invention as a device for destroying concrements is possible by means of a special circuitry and control of transducer elements in such a way that the active transducer surface ent by the respective oscillation of the respectively activated transducer zones standing negative half-waves of the sound impulses can be compensated by controlling other converter elements in phase opposition, that is to say that essentially only a positive pressure surge will develop at the focal point.
  • the use of the transducer particularly as a device for the destruction of tissue parts, is possible in that the positive half-waves of the sound impulses which arise on the active surface of the transducer elements being operated can be compensated for by counter-phase control of other transducer elements or zones in the focal point.
  • the possibility of increasing and adjusting the amplitudes of positive and negative half-waves of the sound pulses by controlling several or all converter zones in phase.
  • variable wiring and control of the converter zones therefore allows, for example, only a part of the converter zones to be used to generate the sound pulse and the remaining converter zones to be used for counter-control and cancellation of undesired pulse components.
  • all converter zones can be activated in parallel and occasionally controlled with different pulse shapes according to the requirements, whereby a special embodiment can consist in that not only individual pulses are generated, but also, for example, a damped oscillation that adapts to the transient response of the converter is.
  • the transducer zones arranged in the area of the edge zones of the transducer can also be controlled with a lower or higher amplitude than the other transducer zones, in order to achieve a sound pulse shape of special effectiveness.
  • a piezoelectric ultrasound transducer 2 in the form of a spherical cap 3 is located below a lying surface 1 receiving the patient P.
  • the transducer axis is denoted by A, on which the focal point F of the transducer also lies.
  • the radiation surfaces of the transducer elements are firmly aligned with this focal point.
  • the concave transducer surface 4 is directed against an opening 5 arranged in the lying surface 1. This is surrounded by a sealing sleeve 6, which adapts to the patient's body and ensures that the opening 5 is sealed against the part of the patient's body intended for treatment.
  • the spherical cap 3 is surrounded by a bellows 7, which forms a container 8 together with the surface 4 of the spherical cap 3 as the bottom, connected to the underside of the lying surface 1 in the region of the opening 5.
  • the elasticity of the bellows 7 enables the spherical cap 3 to be adjusted in three planes, which can be done in a known manner by means of a coordinate adjustment table, not shown.
  • the container 8 is filled with degassed water heated to body temperature.
  • the concave surface 4 of the spherical cap 3 is equipped with piezoelectric transducer elements.
  • Their arrangement is such that, for example, there is a structure of concentric spherical ring elements 10 and 11, which are arranged around central spherical segments 9, the entire transducer surface 4 being separated by concentric and radial separating joints into individual, electrically and mechanically insulated ring elements 10.1 to 10.5 and 11.1 to 11.5 or spherical segments 9.1 to 9.5.
  • the active surfaces of the ring elements 10, 11 and the spherical segments 9 are electrically connected to a control circuit according to FIG. 2, in which the ring elements 10 and 11 and the spherical segments 9 are shown in simplified form in the form of block symbols.
  • the electrical voltage potential activating the ultrasound transducer 2 lies between these connections and a common surface electrode on the back of the transducer elements.
  • the selection of the transducer elements or zones to be activated, the preselection of the respective pulse intensity and polarity and their temporal use are carried out with a multiplexer 12 for positive pulse shaping and a multiplexer 13 for negative pulse shaping. The different polarity is ensured by corresponding pulse generators 14 and 15.
  • each circuit then has a choice switch 16, a controllable amplifier 17 for setting the respective amplitude of the pulse and a timer 18 for setting the time of activation, so that each converter zone 11.1 to 11.5 can be controlled individually or together with others.
  • some transducer elements or zones can first be driven with a positive pulse and then with a negative pulse other transducer zones can be driven for countermeasures, taking into account the transient response of the transducer elements, so that only a positive pressure surge will occur in focus F. It is also possible to connect all transducer elements in parallel and to control them with different pulse shapes, it also being possible to set the pulse generators 14 and 15 so that, for example, instead of a single pulse, a damped oscillation can be generated which is adapted to the oscillating behavior of the transducer.
  • the individual transducer zones 9, 10 and 11 can be designed as monolithic piezoelectric vibrators, this will generally lead to a limitation of the available sound power. If higher powers are required, the converter and therefore the converter zones will therefore be constructed from mosaic-like converter elements. In addition, all converter zones can consist of ring elements or spherical spherical sectors. Finally, other divisions of the entire active area of the transducer into zones of a different configuration are also possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
EP88113188A 1987-09-24 1988-08-13 Transducteur ultrasonore focalisé Expired - Lifetime EP0308644B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3732131 1987-09-24
DE19873732131 DE3732131A1 (de) 1987-09-24 1987-09-24 Fokussierender ultraschallwandler

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0308644A2 true EP0308644A2 (fr) 1989-03-29
EP0308644A3 EP0308644A3 (en) 1990-05-30
EP0308644B1 EP0308644B1 (fr) 1994-10-26

Family

ID=6336744

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88113188A Expired - Lifetime EP0308644B1 (fr) 1987-09-24 1988-08-13 Transducteur ultrasonore focalisé

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4888746A (fr)
EP (1) EP0308644B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3732131A1 (fr)

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EP0450364A3 (en) * 1990-04-05 1992-06-24 Dornier Medizintechnik Gmbh Combination shock wave generator
EP0450868A3 (en) * 1990-03-29 1992-07-08 Fujitsu Limited Ultrasonic probe having a piezoelectric element
EP0497261A3 (en) * 1991-01-29 1993-04-07 Richard Wolf Gmbh Method for determining the acoustic intensity of focussing electroacoustic transducers and apparatus for carrying out this method
WO2008003910A1 (fr) * 2006-07-05 2008-01-10 Edap S.A. Appareil de therapie a fonctionnement sequentiel
FR2903315A1 (fr) * 2006-07-05 2008-01-11 Edap S A Procede et appareil de therapie a emetteurs ultrasonores actives sequentiellement
CN115444504A (zh) * 2022-09-30 2022-12-09 苏州谱洛医疗科技有限公司 一种基于温度监控的经导管超声控制方法及系统

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EP0450868A3 (en) * 1990-03-29 1992-07-08 Fujitsu Limited Ultrasonic probe having a piezoelectric element
US5174296A (en) * 1990-03-29 1992-12-29 Fujitsu Limited Ultrasonic probe having a piezoelectrical element
EP0450364A3 (en) * 1990-04-05 1992-06-24 Dornier Medizintechnik Gmbh Combination shock wave generator
EP0497261A3 (en) * 1991-01-29 1993-04-07 Richard Wolf Gmbh Method for determining the acoustic intensity of focussing electroacoustic transducers and apparatus for carrying out this method
WO2008003910A1 (fr) * 2006-07-05 2008-01-10 Edap S.A. Appareil de therapie a fonctionnement sequentiel
FR2903315A1 (fr) * 2006-07-05 2008-01-11 Edap S A Procede et appareil de therapie a emetteurs ultrasonores actives sequentiellement
CN115444504A (zh) * 2022-09-30 2022-12-09 苏州谱洛医疗科技有限公司 一种基于温度监控的经导管超声控制方法及系统

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EP0308644A3 (en) 1990-05-30
DE3732131A1 (de) 1989-04-06
US4888746A (en) 1989-12-19
DE3851930D1 (de) 1994-12-01
EP0308644B1 (fr) 1994-10-26

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