Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
  • C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
  • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

• This invention relates to a Diesel fuel composition in the form of a stable and homogeneous mixture.
• hybrid compositions which contained a fraction of alcoholic products, and especially methanol and ethanol.
• compositions containing a Diesel fuel and lower alcohols in the form of emulsions and microemulsions (obtained with the aid of one or more surface-active agents), or in the form of homogeneous mixtures (wherein homogeneousness is basically obtained with the aid of higher aliphatic alcohols).
• compositions devoid of surface-active agents comparatively high amounts of higher alcohols are required in order to be able to retain interesting amounts of lower alcohols. Also this fact is a liability, in view of the cost of the higher alcohols.
• US-A-4 481 012 discloses the preparation and the separation of a C1-C4 alcoholic fraction rich with methanol and obtained by causing carbon monoxide and hydrogen to catalytically interact.
• the present invention relates to a Diesel fuel composition, in the form of a stable and homogeneous mixture, containing:
• the composition of this invention contains the components (a) and (b) in a weight ratio of the former to the latter of from 3:1 to 7:1, whereas the component (c) is present at a concentration, on a weight basis, of from 0.1% to 6% relative to the overall composition.
• Component (a) of the composition of this invention can be any petroleum cut fulfilling the ASTM-Standards for Diesel fuels.
• Diesel Fuel N o 2 is preferred,which is the most commonly used one for commercial and agricultural vehicles.
• Diesel fuels those of predominantly aromatic nature are preferred.
• Component (b) of the composition of this invention is a C1-C4 alcoholic fraction as obtained in the process for preparing methanol and higher alcohols by catalytic interaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. More particu­larly, in such processes, working temperatures are usually adopted which range from 300°C to 500°C, under pressures which are equal to, or higher than 151987.75 kPa (150 abs.atm or ata), in the presence of catalysts based on copper, zinc or chromium, modified with alkali metal or alkaline earth metals.
• C1-C4 alcoholic fraction the composition of which is, on a weight basis, typically within the following ranges: from 70% to 80% of methanol from 2% to 5% of ethanol from 5% to 10% of propanol from 12% to 15% of butanol from 0.1% to 1% of water.
• Component (c) of the composition of this invention is an aliphatic alcohol which contains from 2 to 18 carbon atoms it its molecule: obviously, mixtures of such alcohols can be used.
• the amount of component (c) in the composition can generally be varied within the range of from 0.1% to 6% on a weight basis.
• the accurate value of the amount of component (c) to be adopted in the various circumstances in order to impart both stability and homogeneousness to the composition concerned, is selected within said range, on taking into account both the nature of the component (c) concerned and that of the Diesel fuel used in said composition.
• the amount of component (c) which is necessary to achieve the purpose aforesaid is decreased as the number of carbon atoms which are present in the molecule of that component (c) is increased.
• component (c) If the number of carbon atoms of component (c) is the same, the quantity of it which is required is decreased when passing from Diesel fuels of a predominantly alipha­tic nature to those having a predominantly aromatic nature.
• component (a) a predomi­nantly aromatic Diesel fuel
• component (b) a weight ratio of component (a) to component (b) in ther order of 4:1
• the quantity of component (c) is appropriately varied within a range of from about 0.5% to about 2.0% by we!ght when passing from a component (c) having 18 carbon atoms in its molecule, to a component (c) having two carbon atoms in its molecule.
• the quantity of the component (c) is appropriately varied within a range of from about 4% to about 6% by weight when passing from a component (c) having 16 carbon atoms in its molecule, to a component (c) having 6 carbon atoms in its molecule.
• composition according to this invention may contain, in addition to the components enumerated above, minor amounts (generally less than 1% by weight) of additives known in the art, such as improvers of the cetane number, corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators and antioxidants.
• composition according to the present invention is not critical as itself, inasmuch as the components can be blended in any sequen­tial order whatsoever.
• the component (b) which is used is a C1-C4 alcoholic fraction as obtained according to the process of US-A-4 481 012, said alcoholic fraction having the following composition, on a weight basis: 78.5% of methanol 2.4% of ethanol 5.6% of propanol 13.4% of butanol 0.1% of water.
• a homogeneous and stable composition is prepared by using as the component (a) a predominatly aromatic Diesel fuel by AGIP PETROLI S.p.A., the component (b) being the C1-C4 alcoholic fraction referred to above, the component (c) being oleyl alcohol.
• the content, on a weight basis, of the individual components of the composition is as follows: 79.60% of component (a) 19.90% of component (b) 0.50% of component (c).
• a stable and homogeneous composition is prepared using the components (a) and (b) as in Example 1, and decyl alcohol as the component (c).
• the content, on a weight basis, of the individual components of the composition is as follows: 79.45% of component (a) 19.85% of component (b) 0.70% of component (c).
• a stable and homogeneous composition is prepared using the components (a) and (b) as in Example 1, hexyl alcohol being component (c).
• the content, on a weight basis, of the individual components of the composition is as follows: 79.40% of component(a) 19.80% of component (b) 0.80% of component (c).
• a homogeneous and stable composition is prepared using the components (a) and (b) of Example 1, with ethyl alcohol as the component (c).
• the content, on a weight basis, of the individual components of the composition is as follows: 78.4% of the component (a) 19.6% of the component (b) 2.0% of the component (c)
• compositions of Examples 1 through 4 are stored for 3 months at ambient temperature (20-25°C) and, after that period of time, they retain their stability and no demixing phenomenon is observed.
• compositions are prepared, which contain the compo­nents (a) and (b) of Example 1 in a weight ratio of (a) to (b) equal to 4:1 and hexanol is added as the component (c).
• compositions The behaviour of such compositions is observed within a temperature range of from +25°C to -10°C: it is noted that the quantity of component (c) which is required to maintain homogeneousness and stability for the composition varies from 0.8% by weight at a temperature of +25°C to 3.5% by weight at -10°C. Even at low temperatures, storage for a long time does not originate plural-phase demixing problems, and the compositions retain their homogeneous­ness and transparency properties unaltered.
• a stable and homogeneous composition is prepared using, as the component (a) a predominantly aliphatic Diesel fuel, supplied by AGIP PETROLI S.p.A., the compo­nent (b) is the C1-C4 alcoholic fraction referred to above, and the component (c) is hexanol.
• the content, on a weight basis, of the individual components of the composition is: 75.2% of component (a) 18.8% of component (b) 6.0% of component (c).
• a homogeneous and stable composition is prepared using the components (a) and (b) of Example 6 and decanol as the component (c).
• the content, on a weight basis, of the individual components of the composition is as follows: 75.6% of component (a) 18.9% of component (b) 5.5% of component (c).
• a homogeneous and stable composition is prepared using the components (a) and (b) of Example 6, and tetradecanol as the component (c).
• the content, on a weight basis, of the individual components of the composition is as follows: 75.4% of the component (a) 18.8% of the component (b) 5.8% of the component (c).
• compositions of the Examples 6 through 8 are stored for three months at the environmental temperature (20°C-25°C) and, after that period of time, they retain their stability and no demixing phenomenon is observed.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

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Cited By (7)

Family Cites Families (3)

• 1987
  • 1987-12-04 IT IT22884/87A patent/IT1223404B/it active
• 1988
  • 1988-11-08 EP EP88202490A patent/EP0319060A3/fr not_active Withdrawn

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