EP0320279A2 - Composition d'huile lubrifiante pour les moteurs - Google Patents

Composition d'huile lubrifiante pour les moteurs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0320279A2
EP0320279A2 EP88311672A EP88311672A EP0320279A2 EP 0320279 A2 EP0320279 A2 EP 0320279A2 EP 88311672 A EP88311672 A EP 88311672A EP 88311672 A EP88311672 A EP 88311672A EP 0320279 A2 EP0320279 A2 EP 0320279A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composition
ammonium hydroxide
engine
quaternary ammonium
mixtures
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88311672A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0320279A3 (fr
Inventor
Nicholas Feldman
Joseph Vardi
Morton Beltzer
Jacob Joseph Habeeb
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
Original Assignee
Exxon Research and Engineering Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Exxon Research and Engineering Co filed Critical Exxon Research and Engineering Co
Publication of EP0320279A2 publication Critical patent/EP0320279A2/fr
Publication of EP0320279A3 publication Critical patent/EP0320279A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M133/12—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2215/044—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having cycloaliphatic groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
    • C10M2215/26—Amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/251—Alcohol-fuelled engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
    • C10N2040/253—Small diesel engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
    • C10N2040/28—Rotary engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved engine lubricating oil composition and a method for improving the operation of spark ignition internal combustion engines and diesel engines. More specifically, the invention concerns adding certain quaternary ammonium hydroxides to a lubricating oil to reduce combustion chamber deposits and the octane requirement increase in spark ignition internal combustion engines, and to improve oil consumption in diesel engines.
  • the octane requirement for a new or cleaned spark fired internal combustion engine is lower than that required for an engine that has been operated for several thousand miles. This is due to deposits accumulating in the combustion chamber of the engine such that an octane requirement increase (ORI) results; i . e ., the octane number of the fuel required for knock-free operation of the engine increases with time until a stable level is reached. Consequently, various compounds have been added to the fuel to prevent or reduce the formation of deposits in the combustion chamber or to remove deposits already formed in the combustion chamber (See for example U.S. Patent 4,357,148 and the patents cited therein, the disclosure of which are incorporated herein by reference). However, some additives may not survive combustion of the fuel to reach the deposits that cause ORI and, thus, will not be effective in reducing ORI.
  • ORI octane requirement increase
  • a specific quaternary ammonium hydroxide (choline) has also been added to fuels and lubricants to neutralize naphthenic acids as well as reduce the color and corrosiveness problems caused by said acids (see U.S. Patent 4,600,518).
  • choline would appreciably dissolve in the lubri­cating oil basestock or would survive the high tempera­ture environment of the lubricant in an automotive engine.
  • quaternary ammonium hydroxides have been added to gasoline to reduce ORI (See U.S. Patent 4,787,916).
  • Diesel engine manufacturers have also been concerned about reducing the buildup of crownland and piston ring deposits in these engines because of the interrelationship between these deposits and increased oil consumption. Therefore, controlling deposit formation is important in reducing oil consumption in today's high performance diesel engines. Also, control of combustion chamber deposits is important in spark ignition internal combustion engines to obtain improved engine operation.
  • the octane requirement increase for spark ignition internal combustion engines is decreased or reversed when minor amounts of quater­nary ammonium hydroxides are added to the lubricating oil used in said engines.
  • using a lubri­cating oil containing these hydroxides improves the cleanliness of spark ignition internal combustion engines because the tendency to form combustion chamber deposits is reduced.
  • adding quaternary ammonium hydroxides to a diesel engine lubricating oil reduces the oil consumption of the engine.
  • the quaternary ammonium hydroxides useful in this invention are selected from compounds having a general formula: wherein R1 is a hydrocarbon radical (or group) or a hydroxy terminated radical (or group) having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, R2 is a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 24 (preferably from 4 to 24) carbon atoms, and R3 and R4 are hydrocarbon radicals having from 4 to 24 carbon atoms.
  • the hydrocarbon radicals (R1, R2, R3, and R4) can be alkyl groups, unsaturated paraffin groups, cyclic hydrocarbon groups, aryl groups, aryl­alkyl groups or mixtures thereof. In addition, said groups can be normal, branched, substituted groups or mixtures thereof.
  • the hydrocarbon radicals may also contain other atoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; e . g ., in the form of an alcohol, an amine, a ketone, a sulfide, a thiosulfide, and other function­alities.
  • Quaternary ammonium hydroxides in which the hydrocarbon radical is octyl, dodecyl, decyl, octa­decyl, capryl radicals, or their mixtures are pre­ferred.
  • Preferred quaternary ammonium hydroxides are dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium hydroxide, tetraoctyl ammonium hydroxide, tricaprylmethyl ammonium hydroxide, or mixtures thereof. Tetraoctyl ammonium hydroxide, tricaprylmethyl ammonium hydroxide, or mixtures thereof are especially preferred, with tricaprylmethyl ammonium hydroxide being most preferred.
  • the engine lubricating oil used herein com­prises a major amount of a lubricating base oil and a minor amount of the quaternary ammonium hydroxide.
  • the base oil may include liquid hydrocarbons such as the mineral lubricating oils, synthetic lubricating oils and mixtures thereof.
  • the mineral oils may include paraffinic, naphthenic as well as aromatic components.
  • the synthetic oils may include diester oils such as di (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, azelate and adipate; complex ester oils such as those formed from dicarboxylic acids, glycols and either monobasic acids or monohydric alcohols; polyolester oils such as esters of penta­erythritol and/or trimethylol propane; and other synthetic oils known to the art.
  • diester oils such as di (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, azelate and adipate
  • complex ester oils such as those formed from dicarboxylic acids, glycols and either monobasic acids or monohydric alcohols
  • polyolester oils such as esters of penta­erythritol and/or trimethylol propane
  • this invention is an engine lubricating oil composition
  • the precise amount of quaternary ammonium hydroxide used is not critical and need only be an amount sufficient to cause a reduction in ORI or to improve combustion chamber deposit control in spark ignition internal combustion engines, or to cause a reduction in oil consumption of diesel engines.
  • effective reductions will be obtained by using from about 0.1 to about 5 wt. %, preferably from about 0.2 to about 2.0 wt. %, quaternary ammonium hydroxide in the engine oil.
  • the hydroxide can be added to the base oil or to a fully formulated (or finished) engine oil which contains other additives.
  • this invention is a method for controlling the ORI of spark ignition internal combustion engines by operating such engines using a lubricating oil containing certain quaternary ammonium hydroxides in amounts sufficient to control the ORI.
  • this invention is a method for reducing the formation of combustion chamber deposits (e . g ., piston and cylinder head deposits) in spark ignition internal combustion engines by using a lubricating oil containing certain quater­nary ammonium hydroxides in amounts sufficient to reduce such deposits.
  • Reducing combustion chamber deposits may (or may not) reduce ORI depending on whether the cylinder or cylinders containing the ORI causing deposits are sufficiently contacted with the quaternary ammonium hydroxide.
  • this invention is a method for reducing oil consumption in diesel engines by using a lubricating oil containing certain quaternary ammonium hydroxides in amounts sufficient to cause a reduction in oil consumption.
  • the lubricating oil may be used in diesel engines having a wide variety of applications including automobile, bus, marine, railroad, truck, and stationary applications ( e . g . electric power generation facilities).
  • quaternary ammonium hydroxides described hereinabove can be readily prepared from their cor­responding commercially available quaternary ammonium salt, such as a halide.
  • a quaternary ammonium chloride may be contacted with an anion exchange resin such that the chloride is exchanged to produce the corresponding quaternary ammonium hydro­xide.
  • additives known in the art may be added to the oil composition of the present invention to form a fully formulated engine oil.
  • additives include dispersants, antiwear agents, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, detergents, pour point depres­sants, extreme pressure additives, viscosity index improvers, etc. These additives are typically dis­closed, for example, in "Lubricant Additives ⁇ by C.V. Smalheer and R. Kennedy Smith, 1967, pp. 1-11 and in U.S. Patent 4,105,571, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • Table 1 show that at least a 60% reduction in ORI results when a quaternary ammonium hydroxide is added only to the lubricating oil of a spark ignition internal combustion engine.
  • Example 2 Using the engine and test procedure of Example 1, three tests were performed using a 92.5 octane unleaded gasoline and a fully formulated SF/CD SAE 1OW30 engine oil except that in Test 1, no quater­nary ammonium hydroxides were included in the fuel or oil. However, in Test 2, the oil contained 0.4 wt.% tricaprylmethyl ammonium hydroxide (TCMAH). In Test 3, the oil contained 0.25 wt.% TCMAH and the fuel had 0.005 wt.%. Weight of deposits on the top of all pistons and inside all cylinders were determined after 96 hours. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
  • Tests 1 and 2 show that the addition of a quaternary ammonium hydroxide to the lubricating oil used in a spark ignition internal combustion engine reduced the formation of combustion chamber deposits because the piston tops and cylinder heads were 21% and 7% cleaner, respectively.
  • Tests 1 and 3 show that improved combustion chamber cleanliness was more pronounced when the quaternary ammonium hydroxide was present in the lubricating oil and the fuel because the piston top and cylinder head were 28% and 17% cleaner, respectively.
  • a quaternary ammonium hydroxide may be (but need not be) added to the fuel to obtain improved engine cleanliness.
  • Tests 1, 2, and 3 confirm that quaternary ammonium hydroxides are effective in reduc­ing ORI, particularly when added to the fuel and the lubricating oil.
  • Oil 1 and Oil 2 Two oils (Oil 1 and Oil 2) were tested for their oil consumption control capability using a standard Cummins NTC-400 dynamometer test procedure. An inline 6 cylinder turbocharged after-cooled injec­tion diesel engine was used. Both oils were the same fully formulated SAE 30 grade oil, but contained 1.5 wt.% TCMAH from different batches. The results of these tests are shown by the black squares in Figure 2.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
EP88311672A 1987-12-09 1988-12-09 Composition d'huile lubrifiante pour les moteurs Withdrawn EP0320279A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13052487A 1987-12-09 1987-12-09
US130524 1987-12-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0320279A2 true EP0320279A2 (fr) 1989-06-14
EP0320279A3 EP0320279A3 (fr) 1989-09-13

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88311672A Withdrawn EP0320279A3 (fr) 1987-12-09 1988-12-09 Composition d'huile lubrifiante pour les moteurs

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EP (1) EP0320279A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPH01279998A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5324363A (en) * 1992-07-20 1994-06-28 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Method for carbonaceous deposit removal and for reducing engine octane requirement using an aqueous base
US6382314B1 (en) * 1998-07-24 2002-05-07 Soehner Kunststofftechnik Gmbh Heat exchanger made of plastic and method for its manufacture as well as an air conditioning unit

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001059855A1 (fr) * 2000-02-10 2001-08-16 Ntk Powerdex, Inc. BATTERIE A IONS Li ET/OU A POYLMERES IONS Li ET A CONDUCTEURS PROTEGES

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1003062A (en) * 1961-11-02 1965-09-02 Exxon Research Engineering Co Water-immiscible organic liquids having improved water tolerance
US3468640A (en) * 1964-09-22 1969-09-23 Chevron Res Gasoline compositions
FR1469430A (fr) * 1965-02-23 1967-02-10 Armour & Co nu-alkyle secondaire-amines tertiaires
GB1392600A (en) * 1971-11-24 1975-04-30 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricating oil compositions
GB1445993A (en) * 1973-06-27 1976-08-11 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricating oil compositions
US4357148A (en) * 1981-04-13 1982-11-02 Shell Oil Company Method and fuel composition for control or reversal of octane requirement increase and for improved fuel economy
US4473377A (en) * 1982-06-30 1984-09-25 Mobil Oil Corporation Zwitterionic quaternary ammonium carboxylates, their metal salts and lubricants and fuels containing same
US4787916A (en) * 1986-10-31 1988-11-29 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Method and fuel composition for reducing octane requirement increase

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5324363A (en) * 1992-07-20 1994-06-28 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Method for carbonaceous deposit removal and for reducing engine octane requirement using an aqueous base
US6382314B1 (en) * 1998-07-24 2002-05-07 Soehner Kunststofftechnik Gmbh Heat exchanger made of plastic and method for its manufacture as well as an air conditioning unit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0320279A3 (fr) 1989-09-13
JPH01279998A (ja) 1989-11-10

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