EP0321338A1 - Diaphragm failure detection device for a diaphragm pump - Google Patents

Diaphragm failure detection device for a diaphragm pump Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0321338A1
EP0321338A1 EP88403175A EP88403175A EP0321338A1 EP 0321338 A1 EP0321338 A1 EP 0321338A1 EP 88403175 A EP88403175 A EP 88403175A EP 88403175 A EP88403175 A EP 88403175A EP 0321338 A1 EP0321338 A1 EP 0321338A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
groove
spacer
membranes
pump
diaphragm
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88403175A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0321338B1 (en
Inventor
Alain Laziou
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Dosapro Milton Roy SA
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Dosapro Milton Roy SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Dosapro Milton Roy SA filed Critical Dosapro Milton Roy SA
Priority to AT88403175T priority Critical patent/ATE61082T1/en
Publication of EP0321338A1 publication Critical patent/EP0321338A1/en
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Publication of EP0321338B1 publication Critical patent/EP0321338B1/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
    • F04B43/0009—Special features
    • F04B43/0081—Special features systems, control, safety measures
    • F04B43/009—Special features systems, control, safety measures leakage control; pump systems with two flexible members; between the actuating element and the pumped fluid

Definitions

  • the space which separates them is placed in communication with the outside of the pump by means of a pipe provided with a relief valve.
  • a flow in the pipeline is the sign of the rupture of a membrane.
  • the practical implementation of this rupture detection comprises an annular spacer inserted between the peripheral parts of the two membranes.
  • a radial conduit is formed in this spacer to lead to the space between the membranes. So that the outlet of this conduit is not blocked by the membranes - between which the volume has been reduced to a minimum during the operation of the pump - a groove is formed in the inner surface of the spacer which forms the peripheral end. of this space, and at the bottom of which opens the above-mentioned conduit.
  • the two membranes and the intermediate spacer, sandwiched between them are fixed to the pump body by clamping between an annular bearing formed on the pump body (hydraulic control chamber side) and an annular bearing formed on the pump head (working chamber side) when the head and the body are assembled. More precisely, these ranges are provided on the front and rear grids for supporting the membranes at each of the extreme points of their travel.
  • the invention intends to remedy this drawback by proposing an improved membrane rupture detection device which is also easier to manufacture and of lower cost.
  • the subject of the invention is a device for detecting a rupture of a hydraulically actuated diaphragm pump diaphragm, consisting of an annular spacer sandwiched between the peripheral zones of at least two adjacent membranes, the assembly being clamped peripherally between two elements of the pump body, the annular spacer comprising at least one radial duct ensuring the communication of the space delimited by the two membranes and the exterior of the pump, in which the radial duct opens into a groove in the internal face of the annular spacer, the walls of the groove converging towards the center of the ring.
  • the device according to the invention is easy to manufacture because, from a turned blank, it suffices to carry out an operation of pushing the two sides of the groove towards each other, to give them the desired external profile. while narrowing their spacing in order to prevent the penetration of the membrane material into this groove.
  • the annular spacer 6 has an internal groove 13 whose volume is in communication with the interior space defined by the membranes 1 and 2.
  • This groove 13 communicates by at least one radial duct 14 with an external pipe which is not shown but which can be connected to the spacer by means of a screw connection or welded in the orifice 15, with, if necessary, the interposition of a non-return valve.
  • This external pipe can lead to a membrane rupture detector constituted for example in the form of an alarm.
  • each wall 13 a , 13 b of the groove 13 is urged towards each other.
  • the communication gap of the throat with the inter-membrane space is therefore narrower than the width of the bottom of the groove 13. It follows that it is impossible for either of the membranes to penetrate into the groove 13 under the effect of the prevailing pressure in one or other of the rooms 9,10.
  • the outer surface of each wall 13 a , 13 b is curved which gives the profile of the spacer 6 in the region of the groove 13, as it appears in the axial section of the figure, the shape d 'a warhead.
  • the walls 13 a and 13 b form a support of shape adapted to the curvature of the membrane which prevents bending of the latter over a too small radius of curvature.
  • the spacer has on its flanks circular grooves 16, in which the material of the membranes creeps when they are pinched.
  • the support plates may have similar grooves to also accommodate the material which flows.
  • This material can be polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or in the case of composite membranes a layer of (PTFE) and a layer of elastomer.
  • the invention finds an interesting application in the field of diaphragm pumps.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

La gorge (13) de détection d'un fluide entre les membranes (1,2), signe de la rupture de l'une d'elles, est profilée en ogive pour éviter l'extrusion des membranes sous l'effet de la pression de pompage.The groove (13) for detecting a fluid between the membranes (1,2), a sign of the rupture of one of them, is profiled in a warhead to avoid the extrusion of the membranes under the effect of the pressure. pumping.

Description

Il est connu de séparer, dans une pompe à membrane, la chambre de travail de la chambre hydraulique de commande par une double paroi souple, constituée par deux membranes parallèles. Cette disposition augmente la sécurité de fonctionnement par le fait que la rupture d'une membrane n'entraîne pas la propagation du fluide pompé dans les orga­nes mobiles de la pompe. Cette propagation est à éviter compte tenu de la nature souvent corrosive du fluide véhiculé par la pompe.It is known to separate, in a diaphragm pump, the working chamber from the hydraulic control chamber by a flexible double wall, constituted by two parallel membranes. This provision increases operating safety by the fact that the rupture of a membrane does not cause the propagation of the pumped fluid in the moving parts of the pump. This propagation is to be avoided given the often corrosive nature of the fluid carried by the pump.

Afin de disposer d'un moyen de surveillance de l'état des membranes, on met l'espace qui les sépare en com­munication avec l'extérieur de la pompe au moyen d'une cana­lisation pourvue d'une soupape de décharge . Ainsi un écou­lement dans la canalisation est-il le signe de la rupture d'une membrane.In order to have a means of monitoring the condition of the membranes, the space which separates them is placed in communication with the outside of the pump by means of a pipe provided with a relief valve. Thus a flow in the pipeline is the sign of the rupture of a membrane.

La réalisation pratique de cette détection de rupture comporte une entretoise annulaire intercalée entre les parties périphériques des deux membranes. Un conduit radial est ménagé dans cette entretoise pour aboutir à l'es­pace entre les membranes. Afin que le débouché de ce conduit ne soit pas obturé par les membranes - entre lesquelles le volume a été réduit au minimum pendant le fonctionnement de la pompe - on ménage dans la surface intérieure de l'entre­toise, une gorge qui forme l'extrémité périphérique de cet espace, et au fond de laquelle débouche le conduit susdit.The practical implementation of this rupture detection comprises an annular spacer inserted between the peripheral parts of the two membranes. A radial conduit is formed in this spacer to lead to the space between the membranes. So that the outlet of this conduit is not blocked by the membranes - between which the volume has been reduced to a minimum during the operation of the pump - a groove is formed in the inner surface of the spacer which forms the peripheral end. of this space, and at the bottom of which opens the above-mentioned conduit.

De manière courante également, les deux membra­nes et l'entretoise intercalaire, prise en sandwich entre elles, sont fixées au corps de pompe par pincement entre une portée annulaire ménagée sur le corps de pompe (côté chambre de commande hydraulique) et une portée annulaire ménagée sur la tête de la pompe (côté chambre de travail) lorsque la tête et le corps sont assemblés. Plus précisément, ces portées sont ménagées sur les grilles avant et arrière d'appui des membranes à chacun des points extrêmes de leur débattement.Also commonly, the two membranes and the intermediate spacer, sandwiched between them, are fixed to the pump body by clamping between an annular bearing formed on the pump body (hydraulic control chamber side) and an annular bearing formed on the pump head (working chamber side) when the head and the body are assembled. More precisely, these ranges are provided on the front and rear grids for supporting the membranes at each of the extreme points of their travel.

L'une des conséquences de ce mode de fixation et du vide réalisé entre les membranes par la pression exté­rieure est que chacune d'elle a tendance au cours des débat­tements à s'extruder dans la gorge de l'entretoise annulaire. Cette tendance est un facteur important de détérioration des membranes conduisant rapidement à la rupture.One of the consequences of this method of fixation and the vacuum created between the membranes by the external pressure is that each of them has a tendency during the deflections to extrude into the groove of the annular spacer. This tendency is an important factor in the deterioration of the membranes, which rapidly leads to rupture.

L'invention entend remédier à cet inconvénient en proposant un dispositif de détection de rupture de membra­ne amélioré et en outre plus facile à fabriquer et de coût plus faible.The invention intends to remedy this drawback by proposing an improved membrane rupture detection device which is also easier to manufacture and of lower cost.

A cet effet l'invention a pour objet un dispo­sitif de détection de rupture d'une membrane de pompe à mem­brane actionnée hydrauliquement, constitué par une entre­toise annulaire disposée en sandwich entre les zones périphé­riques d'au moins deux membranes adjacentes, l'ensemble étant serré périphériquement entre deux éléments du corps de pompe, l'entretoise annulaire comportant au moins un conduit radial assurant la communication de l'espace délimité par les deux membranes et l'extérieur de la pompe, dans lequel le conduit radial débouche dans une gorge ménagée dans la face interne de l'entretoise annulaire, les parois de la gorge étant convergentes vers le centre de l'anneau.To this end, the subject of the invention is a device for detecting a rupture of a hydraulically actuated diaphragm pump diaphragm, consisting of an annular spacer sandwiched between the peripheral zones of at least two adjacent membranes, the assembly being clamped peripherally between two elements of the pump body, the annular spacer comprising at least one radial duct ensuring the communication of the space delimited by the two membranes and the exterior of the pump, in which the radial duct opens into a groove in the internal face of the annular spacer, the walls of the groove converging towards the center of the ring.

Il est avantageux de prévoir le profil extérieur en section droite axiale de l'entretoise en forme d'ogive au niveau de la gorge, pour épouser la courbure de chacune des membranes lors de leur déflection pendant le pompage.It is advantageous to provide the external profile in axial cross section of the spacer in the shape of a warhead at the level of the groove, to match the curvature of each of the membranes during their deflection during pumping.

Le dispositif selon l'invention est de fabrica­tion aisée car, à partir d'une ébauche tournée, il suffit de procéder à une opération de repoussage des deux flancs de la gorge l'un vers l'autre, pour leur donner le profil extérieur désiré tout en retrécissant leur écartement afin d'interdire la pénétration du matériau des membranes dans cette gorge.The device according to the invention is easy to manufacture because, from a turned blank, it suffices to carry out an operation of pushing the two sides of the groove towards each other, to give them the desired external profile. while narrowing their spacing in order to prevent the penetration of the membrane material into this groove.

L'invention sera mieux comprise au cours de la description donnée ci-après à titre purement indicatif et non limitatif qui permettra d'en dégager les avantages et les caractéristiques secondaires.The invention will be better understood during the description given below purely by way of non-limiting indication which will make it possible to identify the advantages and the secondary characteristics.

Il sera fait référence au dessin annexé qui représente dans une figure unique par une vue partielle en coupe, un mode de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention.Reference will be made to the accompanying drawing which shows in a single figure in a partial sectional view, an embodiment of the device according to the invention.

En se reportant à cette figure, on voit deux membranes 1 et 2 montées de manière classique dans un corps de pompe 3, c'est-à-dire par pincement entre une grille d'appui arrière 4 et une grille d'appui avant 5, avec une entretoise annulaire 6 interposée. Les grilles d'appui 4 et 5 sont elles-mêmes pincées entre l'élément 7 du corps de pom­pe appartenant à la tête de pompage et l'élément 8 du corps constituant le bâti de la pompe. L'élément 7 définit la cham­bre 9 de pompage alors que l'élément 8 délimite la chambre 10 hydraulique d'actionnement de la pompe ; ces éléments sont bridés l'un contre l'autre avec les grilles et l'entre­toise annulaire entre eux, ainsi que des joints d'étanchéité 11.Referring to this figure, we see two membranes 1 and 2 mounted in a conventional manner in a pump body 3, that is to say by pinching between a rear support grid 4 and a front support grid 5 , with an annular spacer 6 interposed. The support grids 4 and 5 are themselves pinched between the element 7 of the pump body belonging to the pumping head and the element 8 of the body constituting the frame of the pump. The element 7 defines the pumping chamber 9 while the element 8 defines the hydraulic chamber 10 for actuating the pump; these elements are clamped against each other with the grids and the annular spacer between them, as well as seals 11.

Ce montage courant peut souffrir de nombreuses variantes de réalisation, notamment en ce qui concerne la présence l'absence ou la forme de l'une ou l'autre des grilles. Les dispositions spécifiques de l'invention qui sont décrites ci-dessus, s'appliquent à toutes ces variantes de réalisation.This current assembly can suffer from numerous variants, in particular as regards the presence or absence of one or the other of the grids. The specific provisions of the invention which are described above apply to all these alternative embodiments.

L'entretoise annulaire 6 comporte une gorge in­terne 13 dont le volume est en communication avec l'espace intérieur délimité par les membranes 1 et 2. Cette gorge 13 communique par au moins un conduit radial 14 avec une cana­lisation extérieure qui n'est pas représentée mais qui peut être raccordée à l'entretoise au moyen d'une connexion vissée ou soudée dans l'orifice 15, avec, si nécessaire, l'interpo­sition d'un clapet de non-retour. Cette canalisation exté­rieure peut conduire à un détecteur de rupture de membrane constitué par exemple sous la forme d'une alarme.The annular spacer 6 has an internal groove 13 whose volume is in communication with the interior space defined by the membranes 1 and 2. This groove 13 communicates by at least one radial duct 14 with an external pipe which is not shown but which can be connected to the spacer by means of a screw connection or welded in the orifice 15, with, if necessary, the interposition of a non-return valve. This external pipe can lead to a membrane rupture detector constituted for example in the form of an alarm.

On remarque que les parois latérales 13a, 13b de la gorge 13 sont repoussées l'une vers l'autre. La fente de communication de la gorge avec l'espace inter-membrane est de ce fait d'une largeur plus faible que la largeur du fond de la gorge 13. Il s'ensuit une impossibilité pour l'une ou l'autre des membranes de pénétrer dans la gorge 13 sous l'effet de la pression régnant dans l'une ou l'autre des chambres 9,10. En outre, la surface extérieure de chaque paroi 13a, 13b est incurvée ce qui confère au profil de l'en­tretoise 6 dans la zone de la gorge 13, tel qu'il apparaît dans la coupe axiale de la figure, la forme d'une ogive.It is noted that the side walls 13 a, 13 b of the groove 13 are urged towards each other. The communication gap of the throat with the inter-membrane space is therefore narrower than the width of the bottom of the groove 13. It follows that it is impossible for either of the membranes to penetrate into the groove 13 under the effect of the prevailing pressure in one or other of the rooms 9,10. In addition, the outer surface of each wall 13 a , 13 b is curved which gives the profile of the spacer 6 in the region of the groove 13, as it appears in the axial section of the figure, the shape d 'a warhead.

Ainsi dans la zone où la membrane est très forte­ment sollicitée en fatigue, les parois 13a et 13b forment un appui de forme adaptée à la courbure de la membrane qui inter­dit une flexion de celle-ci sur un trop petit rayon de cour­bure.Thus in the zone where the membrane is very strongly stressed in fatigue, the walls 13 a and 13 b form a support of shape adapted to the curvature of the membrane which prevents bending of the latter over a too small radius of curvature.

L'intérêt de cette forme particulière, outre les avantages décrits ci-dessus, réside également dans le fait que la fabrication de l'entretoise 6 est très simple. En effet, après avoir réalisé par tournage une ébauche dans laquelle les parois latérales de la gorge 13 sont parallèles, il suffit de repousser celles-ci au tour ou par fluotournage pour obtenir une gorge 13 profilée. Cette fabrication évite d'utiliser une entretoise en deux parties pour obtenir le même résultat.The advantage of this particular form, in addition to the advantages described above, also lies in the fact that the manufacture of the spacer 6 is very simple. Indeed, after having produced by turning a blank in which the side walls of the groove 13 are parallel, it suffices to push them in turn or by flow turning to obtain a profiled groove 13. This manufacturing avoids using a two-part spacer to obtain the same result.

Enfin, l'entretoise possède sur ses flancs des rainures circulaires 16, dans lesquelles la matière des mem­branes flue lors du pincement de celles-ci. Les plaques d'appui peuvent comporter des rainures semblables pour également ac­cueillir la matière qui flue. Cette matière peut être du poly­tétrafluoréthylène (PTFE) ou dans le cas de membranes composites une couche de (PTFE) et une couche d'élastomère. Ainsi les membranes sont cramponnées dans la structure de support et de fixation et l'étanchéité assurée est parfaite.Finally, the spacer has on its flanks circular grooves 16, in which the material of the membranes creeps when they are pinched. The support plates may have similar grooves to also accommodate the material which flows. This material can be polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or in the case of composite membranes a layer of (PTFE) and a layer of elastomer. Thus the membranes are clamped in the support and fixing structure and the seal provided is perfect.

L'invention trouve une application intéressante dans le domaine des pompes à membrane.The invention finds an interesting application in the field of diaphragm pumps.

Claims (4)

1. Dispositif de détection de rupture d'une membrane de pompe à membrane actionnée hydrauliquement, constitué par une entretoise (6) annulaire disposée en sand­wich entre les zones périphériques d'au moins deux membranes (1,2) adjacentes, l'ensemble étant serré périphériquement entre deux éléments (7,8) du corps de pompe, l'entretoise an­nulaire (6) comportant au moins un conduit radial (14) assu­rant la communication de l'espace délimité par les deux membra­nes et l'extérieur de la pompe, caractérisé en ce que le conduit radial (14) débouche dans une gorge (13) ménagée dans la face interne de l'entretoise annulaire, les parois (13a, 13b) de la gorge (13) étant convergentes.1. Device for detecting a rupture of a hydraulically actuated diaphragm pump membrane, consisting of an annular spacer (6) sandwiched between the peripheral zones of at least two adjacent membranes (1,2), the assembly being clamped peripherally between two elements (7,8) of the pump body, the annular spacer (6) comprising at least one radial duct (14) ensuring the communication of the space delimited by the two membranes and the exterior of the pump , characterized in that the radial duct (14) opens into a groove (13) formed in the internal face of the annular spacer, the walls (13 a , 13 b ) of the groove (13) being convergent. 2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caracté­risé en ce que le profil extérieur en section droite axiale de l'entretoise (6) est, au niveau de la gorge (13), de forme ogivale.2. Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the outer profile in axial cross section of the spacer (6) is, at the level of the groove (13), of ogival shape. 3. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des reven­dications précédentes caractérisé en ce que l'entretoise annulaire (6) est obtenue par usinage puis déformation pour profiler la zone de ladite gorge (13).3. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the annular spacer (6) is obtained by machining then deformation to profile the area of said groove (13). 4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des reven­dications précédentes caractérisé en ce que les faces d'extré­mités parallèles de l'entretoise sont rainurées (16) circu­lairement.4. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the parallel end faces of the spacer are grooved (16) circularly.
EP88403175A 1987-12-17 1988-12-14 Diaphragm failure detection device for a diaphragm pump Expired - Lifetime EP0321338B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88403175T ATE61082T1 (en) 1987-12-17 1988-12-14 DIAPHRAGM RUPTURE INDICATOR FOR A DIAPHRAGM PUMP.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8717636A FR2624922B1 (en) 1987-12-17 1987-12-17 DEVICE FOR DETECTING THE BREAKAGE OF A MEMBRANE OF A MEMBRANE PUMP
FR8717636 1987-12-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0321338A1 true EP0321338A1 (en) 1989-06-21
EP0321338B1 EP0321338B1 (en) 1991-02-27

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88403175A Expired - Lifetime EP0321338B1 (en) 1987-12-17 1988-12-14 Diaphragm failure detection device for a diaphragm pump

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4881876A (en)
EP (1) EP0321338B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH01200078A (en)
AT (1) ATE61082T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1284747C (en)
DE (2) DE3861851D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2009734B3 (en)
FR (1) FR2624922B1 (en)
GR (2) GR890300133T1 (en)

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WO1992019866A1 (en) * 1991-05-03 1992-11-12 Hans Willi Meinz Multi-layered diaphragm with leakage offtake for diaphragm pumps
EP1867900A1 (en) * 2006-06-16 2007-12-19 ProMinent Dosiertechnik GmbH Separating element
CN103352839A (en) * 2013-07-26 2013-10-16 胜瑞兰工业设备（苏州）有限公司 Membrane leakage guiding device with metal sheets with slots

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US5145331A (en) * 1991-07-29 1992-09-08 J. Wagner Gmbh Diaphragm pump
DE4136805A1 (en) * 1991-11-08 1993-05-13 Almatec Tech Innovationen Gmbh DOUBLE DIAPHRAGM PUMP
US5476368A (en) * 1992-08-20 1995-12-19 Ryder International Corporation Sterile fluid pump diaphragm construction
JPH074359A (en) * 1993-05-06 1995-01-10 Almatec Technische Innovationen Gmbh Diaphragm for pump
US6094970A (en) * 1998-12-15 2000-08-01 Milton Roy Company Leak detector for a pump
DE10233561B4 (en) * 2002-07-24 2008-02-21 Prominent Dosiertechnik Gmbh Safety diaphragm for a diaphragm pump
DE202005001250U1 (en) * 2005-01-26 2006-06-08 GEMÜ Gebr. Müller Apparatebau GmbH & Co. KG Diaphragm for diaphragm valve
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US8017409B2 (en) 2009-05-29 2011-09-13 Ecolab Usa Inc. Microflow analytical system
US8596648B2 (en) 2010-10-22 2013-12-03 Oshkosh Corporation Pump for vehicle suspension system
CN103814194B (en) 2011-08-22 2016-10-19 康明斯排放处理公司 The device of carbamide dosing, method and system for exhaust after treatment system
EP3429659B1 (en) * 2016-03-18 2022-03-02 DEKA Products Limited Partnership Pressure control gaskets for operating pump cassette membranes
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DE102016216006A1 (en) * 2016-08-25 2018-03-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Double membrane for a dust pump
DE102019109283A1 (en) * 2019-04-09 2020-10-15 Prominent Gmbh Diaphragm rupture monitoring
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DE1226740B (en) * 1963-07-25 1966-10-13 Hofer Andreas Display device for diaphragm rupture on diaphragm compressors
DE3146222A1 (en) * 1981-11-21 1983-06-01 Franz 6305 Buseck Orlita Diaphragm pump with a diaphragm fracture display device
FR2533636A1 (en) * 1982-09-28 1984-03-30 Milton Roy Dosapro Hydraulically driven diaphragm pump

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992019866A1 (en) * 1991-05-03 1992-11-12 Hans Willi Meinz Multi-layered diaphragm with leakage offtake for diaphragm pumps
EP1867900A1 (en) * 2006-06-16 2007-12-19 ProMinent Dosiertechnik GmbH Separating element
CN103352839A (en) * 2013-07-26 2013-10-16 胜瑞兰工业设备（苏州）有限公司 Membrane leakage guiding device with metal sheets with slots

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Publication number Publication date
DE321338T1 (en) 1989-11-16
GR3001689T3 (en) 1992-11-23
JPH01200078A (en) 1989-08-11
EP0321338B1 (en) 1991-02-27
FR2624922B1 (en) 1990-04-27
CA1284747C (en) 1991-06-11
ES2009734A4 (en) 1989-10-16
ES2009734B3 (en) 1991-10-16
FR2624922A1 (en) 1989-06-23
GR890300133T1 (en) 1990-01-19
US4881876A (en) 1989-11-21
DE3861851D1 (en) 1991-04-04
ATE61082T1 (en) 1991-03-15

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