EP0322908A2 - Système de pompage pour des fluorocarbones - Google Patents

Système de pompage pour des fluorocarbones Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0322908A2
EP0322908A2 EP88121836A EP88121836A EP0322908A2 EP 0322908 A2 EP0322908 A2 EP 0322908A2 EP 88121836 A EP88121836 A EP 88121836A EP 88121836 A EP88121836 A EP 88121836A EP 0322908 A2 EP0322908 A2 EP 0322908A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
port
vapor
pump
pressure
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP88121836A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0322908A3 (fr
Inventor
James C. Lawless
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP0322908A2 publication Critical patent/EP0322908A2/fr
Publication of EP0322908A3 publication Critical patent/EP0322908A3/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0636—Flow or movement of content

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to apparatus and methods for manufacturing or repairing fluorocarbon based systems.
  • the invention relates to a system utilizing an improved apparatus and method for pumping liquid fluorocarbons and the like from a supply container to a receiving container.
  • Fluorocarbons Materials generally known as fluorocarbons are well-known and useful for many purposes. Fluorocarbons are a class of chemical compounds containing carbon and fluorine and are, for example, used in the manufacture of resins and plastics as well as in such widely varying areas as propellants in aerosol containers, lubricants, refrigerants and fire extinguishing materials. In each instance, fluorocarbons are contained in a pressurized container in a liquid state and may be either pure or mixed with an active ingredient (such as a perfumed deodorant, when used as pro­pellant in an air freshener). As will be understood below, the term "fluorocarbon” as used herein includes materials generally known as "halons" when used in the fire suppressant industry.
  • the pressurized container of fluorocarbon has, using prior art techniques, generally been vented to the atmosphere, releasing the fluorocarbon in its vapor state, to enable the repair to be made, and then the product container is refilled with a new supply of the desired fluorocarbon.
  • Vaporized fluorocarbons have long been identified among the leading causes for depletion of the ozone layer of the atmosphere. The governmental regulations constitute an effort to regulate the use of fluorocarbons and the circumstances under which they may be released in the atmosphere.
  • the supply tank is provided with a liquid output port and a vapor port while the receiving tank is only provided with a liquid input port.
  • Four methods are known in the prior art for pumping liquid fluorocarbons from supply tanks to receiving tanks having no vapor port: (1) simple, unaugmented pumping, (2) pumping liquid and recirculating a portion of it back to the vapor inlet port of a supply tank, (3) pressurizing the vapor port of the supply tank with nitrogen or other gas and (4) heating the supply tank externally.
  • the latter three techniques utilize some external augmentation to increase the flow rate.
  • Each of these methods has some disadvantages as will be shown below.
  • FIG. 2 shows a well-known graph of flow rate versus pressure drop for several of the fluorocarbons in common use using a pump having a 35 pound/minute free flow rate.
  • Fluorocarbon 13B1 generically known as bromotri­fluoromethane (CB r F3), is commonly known under the name Freon 13B1, Freon being a trademark of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.
  • the line marked “R 12" is generically known as dichlorofluoromethane and "R 22" is dichlorodifluoromethane.
  • Fluorocarbon 12B1 is bromochlorodifluoromethane). It will be noted that a pressure drop of 17 PSI causes a 50% reduction in flow rate of fluorocarbon 13B1 (i.e. 50% flashing), while a 35 PSI. drop causes a zero flow rate (100% flashing).
  • the liquid is pumped as before, but a portion of it is passed through a throttle valve back to the vapor return of the supply tank.
  • the amount of vapor produced depends on the amount of heat which can be passively absorbed by the pipes and the liquid flowing therein from the surrounding environment.
  • the throttle valve is adjusted to try to obtain a liquid flow rate or spray that can be vaporized by the available ambient heat. While more efficient in heat absorption than the previously described method, this method will, at best, produce only a small amount of vapor to be fed back to the vapor return of the supply container. The net result is that only a small increase in the pumping rate shown in Figures 3 and 4 is realized. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that this will result in an increase for fluorocarbon 13B1 from 7.5 to approximately 11 pounds per minute and for fluorocarbon 12B1 from 1.5 to approximately 3 pounds per minute.
  • an external gas source usually nitrogen
  • an external gas source usually nitrogen
  • the vapor port of the supply tank which is then pressurized to hundreds of PSI above the vapor pressure. This either forces the liquid out of the supply tank without a pump or, if a pump is used, allows the full pumping capacity to be realized. If a pump is utilized, the (nitrogen) pressurization need not be as great as if no pump is utilized. The flow rates of some fluorocarbons are so greatly affected by pressure drops that they cannot be simply pumped without this method.
  • fluorocarbon 12B1 bromo­chlorodifluoromethane
  • halon 1211 for use in the fire extinguishing industry
  • Fluorocarbon 12B1 has a vapor pressure of 20 PSI at room temperature and may, therefore, be stored in relatively lightweight supply containers.
  • Such containers are provided in a standard 1500# size which has a siphon tube 45" long. Applying enough suction by a pump to draw the material from this tank will create a pressure drop of 1.8 PSI when the material rises to 27" in the tube.
  • the fourth method requires external heating of the supply tank to increase flow from the supply tank.
  • the heat absorbed by the supply tank increases the temperature of the liquid, thereby raising the vapor pressure.
  • the increase in flow is of the order shown in the throttling valve approach shown above.
  • the main difficulty with this method is the large time lag from the start of heating until the vapor is at a high enough pressure to increase the flow. Also, very large amounts of heat are required due to the large mass of the supply containers.
  • an object of this invention to produce an improved system and method for pumping liquid fluorocarbons and the like. It is a further object of this invention to produce a system and method for pumping liquid fluorocarbons and the like at flow rates greater than inherently limited unaugmented flow rates. It is yet another object to produce an apparatus and method for quickly increasing the vapor pressure of liquid fluorocarbons and the like over a wide range of flow rates to compensate for pressure drops caused by pumping liquid from its container.
  • Another feature of the invention relates to the actual pump utilized.
  • transfer pumping of fluorocarbons from supply tanks to vented receiving tanks little or no pressure head is encountered because both tanks have vapor ports and a vapor hose is usually connected from the top of the receiving tank to the top of the supply tank to equalize the vapor pressure.
  • the low pressure head that the transfer pump works against puts little stress on the pump, allowing for relatively long pump life.
  • simple transfer pumping is not suitable because receiving tanks or containers are not provided with vapor ports and the pressures associated with such pumping create great stress on pumps, considerably reducing their useful life.
  • the most common type of pump used for fluorocarbons is a piston pump. To a lesser extent, diaphragm, vane, and gear pumps are also used.
  • the difficulty with piston pumps is that they have a limited life due to the friction between the metal-to-metal or metal-to-carbon parts. Pump life expectancy of ten to fifteen hours of operation at five to twelve pounds per minute of flow is typical. This translates to approximately fifteen thousand pounds (approximately 7 standard, one ton containers) of pumping before the pump must be rebuilt.
  • Another disadvantage of a piston pump is vaporlock since the valves in a piston pump are much smaller than the piston, thereby causing flashing of the liquid to a vapor due to the pressure drop through the valves. There is a need for an improved fluorocarbon pump capable of longer useful life.
  • a system for pumping liquid fluorocarbons from a first container having a first liquid port and a vapor port to a second container having a second liquid port the system including a pump interposed in a liquid output line joining said first and second liquid ports, the improvement comprising means for tapping said liquid output line at a point downstream of said pump; conduit means connected to said tapping means for diverting a predetermined portion of the liquid output of said pump; conversion means connected to said diverting conduit means for converting substantially all of said predetermined portion of said liquid output into its vapor state; conduit means connected to said conversion means and said supply container for returning said predetermined vapor state portion to the vapor port of said supply container to increase the vapor pressure therein.
  • the invention also includes the method of pumping liquid fluorocarbon from a first container having a liquid port and a vapor port to a second container comprising the steps of: (a) pumping the liquid from said first port to said second liquid port; (b) diverting a predetermined portion of the pumped liquid through a heating means for converting substantially all of same to its vapor state; (c) returning the vapor from said heating means to said vapor port of said first container.
  • An additional embodiment of this method includes the additional steps of (d) determining the rate of liquid flow from said first liquid port; (e) determining the pressure drop within said first container associated with said liquid flow rate; (f) determining the vapor volume flow rate equivalent to said liquid flow rate, thereby determining the vapor volume which must be returned to said first container to at least compensate for the pressure drop associated with said liquid flow rate; and (g) determining said predetermined portion of the pumped liquid which must be diverted and vaporized in order to produce said compensating volume of vapor.
  • a liquid gear pump having the axes of its gears being laterally offset relative to the inlet and outlet ports of the pump to produce a smaller available volume for containing the liquid on the high pressure side of the pumping chamber than on the low pressure side thereof thereby forcing liquid into the space between the sides of the gears and the pumping chamber.
  • An additional embodiment of this invention is pro­vided by a incorporating into said liquid gear pump porous gears which are sufficiently porous to enable liquid fluorocarbon being pumped through said gear pump to penetrate through said gears in order to produce a liquid film interface between said gears and said pumping chamber.
  • Pumping system 10 includes supply tank 24, liquid pump 22, receiver tank 26 and a heating or flash chamber 12.
  • Supply tank 24 has a vapor port 25 and a liquid port 27 and contains vapor 36 and liquid 38 which is drawn out of tank 24 by pump 22 via pump input line 28 and transferred to receiver tank 26 through a pressure regulator 82 via pump output lines 30A, 30 and 34.
  • a reference pressure line 28A is connected between line 28 and regulator 82, the operation of which will be explained below with respect to Figure 7.
  • Flow control valves 25a, 27a and 26a are interposed in the lines as shown.
  • pump 22 In operation, pump 22 necessarily develops a positive output pressure with respect to the input of the pump. Some of the pump output is diverted from line 30 through a "T" connector or other tapping means to liquid line 32 and flash chamber 12. Flow meter 20 and valve 18 are operatively interposed in line 32 between "T" connector 31 and flash chamber 12. Spray nozzle 16 is connected to the end of line 32 within flash chamber 12 and atomizes the diverted liquid into a spray. Flash chamber 12 also houses heater 14, operatively connected via power lines 15 to a source of electrical power and controls associated therewith (not shown). Sensor 17 is situated in flash chamber 12 and connected to sensor controls (not shown) to sense the conditions within the flash chamber and control its operation accordingly.
  • heater 14 is a conventional heating coil encased within a thermally conductive cover resistant to any deleterious effects of the fluorocarbon. Heater 14 is used to relatively instan­taneously vaporize substantially all of the impinging liquid spray. Vaporized liquid has a volume from approximately ten to one hundred times that of the liquid phase depending upon the type of fluorocarbon. Thus, vaporizing only a portion of the liquid being pumped from tank 24 is sufficient to produce a vapor volume equivalent to the liquid volume decrease in the tank. The vapor phase is returned to vapor port 25 of supply tank 24 via the vapor return line 33 in order to pressurize or super-pressurize the supply tank.
  • vapor port refers to any opening in the supply tank which opens to the outside of the tank from a space above the liquid level in the tank.
  • Figure 5 is a portion of the pressure vs. enthalpy graph of Freon 13B1 published by the manufacturer, Dupont. From the data available in this graph and associated published tables and other data, various computations may be made to determine the rate at which liquid must flow through flow meter 20 and be converted to vapor in flash chamber 12.
  • a representative example of the flow rate calculations for fluorocarbon 13B1 is shown below utilizing the following given data: Temperature 70°F Vapor pressure 213.7 PSIA Liquid density 97.79 #/ft3 Liquid volume .01023 ft3/# Vapor volume .1344 ft3/# Volume ratio 13.14 Enthalpy (latent) 35.49 BTU/#
  • a pump capacity of 35#/min and a supply tank orifice of .275 there is utilized a pump capacity of 35#/min and a supply tank orifice of .275".
  • This is equivalent to 2.66#/min of vapor [.35805 ft3/min ⁇ .1344 ft3/#] which must be recirculated to maintain the pressure in the supply tank. If the pressure is maintained, there will be no pressure drop and, by reference to Figure 2, it will be noted that the maximum flow rate of the pump may be maintained.
  • Flow meter 20 may be set to produce a liquid flow of 2.66#/min.
  • Additional heat of 5 BTU/# is supplied to superheat the vapor and pressurize the tank an additional 15 PSI, as shown in Figure 5, to more than compensate for the losses through the valve (and pressure drops due to other tank construction effects).
  • Pump 50 is a gear pump having a gear housing 51 and, side plates 72 and 74 forming a pumping chamber 55, and having a driven gear 54 and drive gear 52.
  • Gear 52 is connected to drive shaft 70 which is mounted in conventional bearings 71 connected to a conventional drive motor (not shown).
  • Gear 54 is mounted on idler shaft 73 which is set in bearings 74.
  • the gears are formed by pressing powdered metal in a forming die using conventional techniques. In the preferred embodiment the powdered metal used is steel, although other materials may be used provided the porosity is sufficient to enable fluorocarbons to penetrate the gears as will be understood below.
  • the housing itself may be made of porous, powdered metal and may be sealed using conventional impregnation techniques.
  • the liquid input or low pressure port 58 in side plate 72 is connected to the supply or input liquid line 28 (seen in Figure 1).
  • Liquid output or high pressure port 60 in side plate 72 is connected to liquid output line 30 which is connected to the receiving tank.
  • Ports 58 and 60 must be clear of the gears. That is, no portion of the gears should be seen looking into either port 58 or port 60 from the right in Figure 9. Otherwise, the high back pressure will have a tendency to slide the gears on their respective shafts towards the side plate 74 opposite port 60, thereby eliminating the normal clearance space or gap 68 and causing deleterious contact.
  • pump 50 has shaft clearance gaps 64 between the gear shafts and the side plates. Excess liquid fluorocarbon flows through these gaps to cool the needle bearings 71 and 74 supporting the shafts and ultimately is returned to the low pressure input port.
  • Gears 52 and 54 are unsymmetrically placed within the pumping chamber 55 in the gear housing to produce relatively large gaps 75 and 76 between the tips of the teeth of gears 52 and 54, respectively, and the closest portion of housing 51 on the low pressure side of the pump. This produces relatively smaller gaps 77 and 78 betweeen the teeth of gears 52 and 54, respectively, and the closest portion of housing 51 on the high pressure side of the pump.
  • gaps 75 and 76 are on the order of .003" and gaps 77 and 78 are on the order of .001". It will be understood that, as the gears rotate, a "wedge" effect is thus produced since the space between the tip of the gears and the housing 51 gets progressively smaller as it approaches the high pressure side.
  • the space 68 between the sides of gears 52 and 54 and the side plates is, in the preferred embodiment, on the order of .0015", similar to conventional gear pumps.
  • the pumped liquid is, because of the high pressure adjacent port 60 and the spacing of the side plates, forced to flow into gaps 68. This is due to the action of the liquid penetrating through the porous gears as well as being forced transversely over the edge of the gears over substantially the entire periphery of the gears.
  • a pressure regulator 82 is connected to input and output lines 28 and 30 in order to maintain the desired pressure differential even upon system start-up when there may be a momentary insufficient pressure differential. While the porosity of the gears provides some liquid film interface even at low pressure differentials, it is preferable to operate the pump at a pressure differential of at least 50 PSI in order to increase the aforementioned "wedge" effect.
  • Pressure regulator 82 is a modification of a known input pressure regulator and comprises an enclosure 100 having a movable diaphragm 102 which divides the enclosure into two isolated chambers 104 and 106.
  • the output of pump 22 is fed to regulator 82 via conduit 30A and from the regulator to the receiving tank via conduits 30 and 34 (best seen in Figure 1).
  • the end 108 of conduit 30A opens into output chamber 106 against one side of diaphragm 102 and line 30 is connected to an aperture in chamber 106.
  • Input chamber 104 is similarly connected via conduit 28A to a "T" connection 110 in line 28.
  • the force with which diaphragm 102 sealingly presses against end 108 of line 30A is adjustable via a biasing spring means 112 and control handle 114.
  • spring 112 of regulator 82 is adjusted to provide the desired 50 PSI of pressure across pump 50.
  • Input pressure into chamber 104 is supplied through line 28A and will be approximately the vapor pressure of the supply tank which, in the example of fluorocarbon 13B1 is 200 PSI.
  • the pressure on the input (left) side of diaphragm 102 is approximately 250 PSI.
  • the pressure differential across pump 22 would be negative for some minutes until enough liquid was pumped into receiving tank 26 to create a positive pressure differential of 50 PSI.
  • spring 112 provides the means by which a 50 PSI positive pressure differential is created across pump 50 very quickly after start up because the pumped liquid is almost immediately resisted by diaphragm 102. Even as pressure builds to a steady state value of 200 PSI in the receiving tank, the pressure differential remains 50 PSI.
  • regulator 82 significantly improves system performance by helping to eliminate flashing which may occur within the pump due to pressure drops below the input vapor pressure. Elimination of the vapor bubbles (caused by flashing) and the consequent reduction of liquid volume and flow rate serves to increase the liquid flow rate even over the improvement already provided by the previously described features of this invention.
  • a sensor 80 connected to a control system (not shown) in one of the liquid lines 28 or 30 to sense pressure and/or the presence of liquid so the pump may be shut off if there is insufficient liquid or pressure differential to permit proper pump operation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
EP88121836A 1987-12-30 1988-12-28 Système de pompage pour des fluorocarbones Withdrawn EP0322908A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13939087A 1987-12-30 1987-12-30
US139390 1993-10-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0322908A2 true EP0322908A2 (fr) 1989-07-05
EP0322908A3 EP0322908A3 (fr) 1990-05-09

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ID=22486410

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88121836A Withdrawn EP0322908A3 (fr) 1987-12-30 1988-12-28 Système de pompage pour des fluorocarbones

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000061989A1 (fr) * 1999-04-13 2000-10-19 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procede permettant de transvaser des liquides a point d'ebullition bas
WO2005047762A1 (fr) * 2003-11-17 2005-05-26 Dinh Phuong Phan Procede et systeme pour l'evaporation de gaz liquefies

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE664322C (de) * 1936-06-19 1938-08-25 Julius Pintsch Kom Ges Einrichtung zum Umfuellen von verfluessigten brennbaren Gasen
GB521792A (en) * 1938-09-28 1940-05-31 Eric Geertz Improved apparatus for handling liquid carbon dioxide
DE695073C (de) * 1939-03-22 1940-08-15 Julius Pintsch Kom Ges Verfahren zum Abfuellen von brennbaren verfluessigten Gasen
US3272238A (en) * 1963-10-24 1966-09-13 Chemetron Corp Method and apparatus for filling vessels

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000061989A1 (fr) * 1999-04-13 2000-10-19 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procede permettant de transvaser des liquides a point d'ebullition bas
WO2005047762A1 (fr) * 2003-11-17 2005-05-26 Dinh Phuong Phan Procede et systeme pour l'evaporation de gaz liquefies

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Publication number Publication date
EP0322908A3 (fr) 1990-05-09

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