EP0324403A1 - Procédé et système pour la protection contre le gel des grands condenseurs à vapeur refroidis par l'air - Google Patents

Procédé et système pour la protection contre le gel des grands condenseurs à vapeur refroidis par l'air Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0324403A1
EP0324403A1 EP89100247A EP89100247A EP0324403A1 EP 0324403 A1 EP0324403 A1 EP 0324403A1 EP 89100247 A EP89100247 A EP 89100247A EP 89100247 A EP89100247 A EP 89100247A EP 0324403 A1 EP0324403 A1 EP 0324403A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubes
steam
air
header
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89100247A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Massimiliano Nardella
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FBM Hudson Italiana SpA
Original Assignee
FBM Hudson Italiana SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by FBM Hudson Italiana SpA filed Critical FBM Hudson Italiana SpA
Publication of EP0324403A1 publication Critical patent/EP0324403A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
    • F28B9/005—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for protection against freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F28F27/003—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus specially adapted for cooling towers

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to the field of large air-cooled steam condensers, as those provided, for example, in power plants. These generally comprise one or more bundles of exchanger tubes, usually finned, which branch off from a steam header and are arranged in various ways, for example vertically or horizontally or like "a roof" (like an A) in a lateral view, each bundle ending, at its end opposite to the steam header, in a condensate header.
  • a roof like an A
  • the condenser works in unfavourable conditions, both because it has a reduced steam capacity, part of the steam being directed to other uses, and because of the severity of the external conditions.
  • the system d) which is provided with big valves is rarely used both because it is expensive and because it has big upkeep problems and therefore high costs. There are also disadvantages of operation caused by the freezing of the valve heads and by leakage at their seats.
  • the blind control systems c although they drastically reduce the heat exchange capacity of a condenser, they nevertheless produce the following disadvantages: even when the blinds are almost completely closed, the cold winter air continues to pass through the heat exchange bundle and laps the entire length of the tubes, This means that, under certain thermal conditions, the steam can be completely condensed, for example, in the first half of the tubes.
  • the so formed condensed steam runs along the second half of the tubes, which is lapped by cold air and therefore can freeze.
  • a good control of air speed would impose, especially in winter, very low air speeds, while the cold wind reaches the condenser at much higher speeds, Gusts of wind from 15 to 80 km/h are not rare.
  • the final result is that the wind, reaching with this speed the thermal exchange surfaces of the bundles of the condenser, cause effects about 100 times superior (for example 80 km/h) to those which would be desirable to obtain by controlling the speed of the air moved by the ventilators (for example 0,9 km/h).
  • the problem of the service stability of the system is further increased by the natural draught which takes place due to the so-called "chimney effect" of the air chamber and the ring of the ventilator.
  • the natural draught is desirable in as much as it reduces the operating costs (less electrical power to the ventilators); however this draught becomes unstable because of the continuous disturbance caused by the wind.
  • the low air speeds required, which work together with the natural draught, are therefore very susceptible to the disturbing effect of the gusts of wind.
  • a further known solution (i) consists in screening (against these gusts of wind) the air-cooled bundles of the condensers providing en walls, blinds, etc. up to completely enclose the condenser in order to eliminate the effect of the wind and to preheat the environment air by mixing it with the recycled hot air (UK-A-2 086 559, DE-A-1 936 137). Even this solution is very expensive and, the more it is efficient against the wind, the higher is the installation cost.
  • the aim of this application is to carry out a good protection against the freezing in air-cooled steam condensers.
  • a further aim is to reach such protection at low costs and nevertheless in an effective way.
  • An object of this invention is a protection process for tube bundles of an air-cooled steam condenser against an excessive cooling, characterized in that, instead of reducing the air flow rate as in the previous systems, the heat exchange surface or area of the tube bundle/s is reduced by means of a total or partial external insulation of said surface.
  • the surface of the single bundle is insulated starting from the end next to the steam header.
  • a steam cooling system comprising a steam header and at least one bundle of exchanger tubes extended from said heater to a condensate header, is also an object of the invention, characterized in that it comprises a means for airtightly screening or insulating the surface of the header, said system being selectively operable at successive intervals along the length of the tubes.
  • the screening means can be made of blinds or shutters having two positions, i.e. open/closed, or of removable panels, or even of roller shutters, or finally of any other means apt to the aim.
  • the new process and the new system provide a reliable protection of the steam cooling structures against freezing and furthermore have a low cost.
  • An air-cooled steam condenser is indicated as a whole with 10 and comprises a steam header, 12, to which the ends of several bundles 14 of generally finned heat exchanger tubes 16 are connected. The other end of each tube of each bundle 14 connects with a condensate header tube, 18.
  • the bundles in the examples illustrated in the figures, are arranged like a roof, or like an A; they could however have any other arrangement whatsoever.
  • Each bundle of tubes is supported by means of a structure or frame 20 which can be seen in figure 3, having a substantially rectangular shape in plan view and generally comprising a couple of lateral channel sections, 22, with solid walls, which enclose the tubes along two opposite sides of the rectangle, and spaced, transversal elements 24, placed along the other opposite sides of the rectangle.
  • This assembly per se known, leaves the bundle of tubes exposed to the passage of air through the structure walls defined by the elements 24. A flow of air is determined and controlled by means of the ventilator V.
  • a screening or insulating assembly 30 is provided, which can be selectively closed section by section, for example against said support structure, so as to substantially prevent the air to circulate in said sections where the screening assembly is closed.
  • the assembly 30 is made up, as shown in figures 1, 2, of oscillating fins or blinds 32, each pivoted on an intermediate axis 34, so that it can be rotated between an open position, as seen for the lower fins in figure 1, and the tightly closed position, as seen in the upper fins in figure 1.
  • the axes 34 are transversal to tubes 16.
  • the fins are preferably organized in sections, for example three sections as in figure 1, indicated with 30′, 30 ⁇ , 30′′′. According to weather conditions, one, two, or three sections of fins will be closed by means of motor 36, starting from the one closest to the steam header; for example, in figure 1 only section 30′, nearest to the header 12, is shown closed; air circulation is therefore avoided between the tubes 16 in their part which is screened by closed fins 32. In other words, the surface of the tubes which is exposed to the heat exchange is reduced only to the sections 30 ⁇ and 30′′′.
  • a modified embodiment 110 of the system in which the insulation assembly for insulating the finned tubes from the outside, is made of a structure comprising I-section beams 138, extended between the walls 22 of the structure which encloses the tubes, and furthermore comprises curtain panels 132 which are assembled between the beams 138.
  • the other elements of the condenser illustrated in figures 5 and 6 are identical to the similar elements described for the first embodiment and have the same reference numbers.
  • the curtain panels 132 relating only to the first section 130′ or also panels relative to the second section 130 ⁇ or also panels relative to the third section 130′′′ will be assembled (so insulating the corresponding section/s and preventing air from circulating in it).
  • the panels may be placed also on the other structure wall.
  • FIG. 7 A third embodiment 210 of the steam condensing system is illustrated in figures 7 and 8, in which the elements similar to the embodiment of figures 1, 2 and 3 have the same reference numbers and will not be described in detail.
  • the system of figures 7 and 8 is provided with an insulating system 230 made up of a folding screen 232, unwound from a roll 234 by means of a motor means 235.
  • the part of the folding screen which is unwound from the roll is positioned against the crosspieces 236 extending between walls 22 and encloses the corresponding tube sections, i.e. does not let the air pass through a corresponding part of tubes 18.
  • this system it is possible to continuously vary the length of the finned tubes of the condenser which must be insulated from the outside. Even in this case the screen 232 could be placed also on the side facing the ventilator, besides on the one opposite the ventilator.
  • the system 310 illustrated in figures 9 and 10 comprises a bundle of exchanger tubes 14, a steam header 12 and a condensate header 18 as described with reference to figures 1 to 3 and having the same reference numbers.
  • the insulation system 330 in this case, is formed of a series of blades 332 which can be lowered like a shutter starting from a store 334, so as not to let the air pass for selected part of the bundle of tubes 14.
  • a system 410 comprising the parts relating to the exchanger tubes, to the steam header, to the condensate header, identical to everything described with reference to figures 1 to 3, and equipped with a mixed insulation system, partly made of removable panels 432 and partly of a flexible screen 433 unwound by means of motor 435 from a roll 434, placed at intermediate height on the finned exchanger tubes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP89100247A 1988-01-12 1989-01-09 Procédé et système pour la protection contre le gel des grands condenseurs à vapeur refroidis par l'air Withdrawn EP0324403A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT1904788 1988-01-12
IT8819047A IT1215688B (it) 1988-01-12 1988-01-12 Procedimento e impianto per protezione contro il congelamento di grandi condensatori di vapord'acqua raffredati con aria.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0324403A1 true EP0324403A1 (fr) 1989-07-19

Family

ID=11154103

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89100247A Withdrawn EP0324403A1 (fr) 1988-01-12 1989-01-09 Procédé et système pour la protection contre le gel des grands condenseurs à vapeur refroidis par l'air

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0324403A1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1215688B (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0551167A1 (fr) * 1992-01-06 1993-07-14 Hudson Products Corporation Condenseur de vapeur
EP0872270A1 (fr) * 1997-04-15 1998-10-21 Westinghouse Air Brake Company Postrefroidisseur avec ligne centrale à bypass
DE19613910B4 (de) * 1996-04-06 2005-03-10 Tino Cabero Querstromwärmetauscher sowie Heiz- oder Kühleinrichtung umfassend einen Querstromwärmetauscher
WO2007011868A3 (fr) * 2005-07-15 2007-07-05 Marley Cooling Technologies Inc Tour thermique et procede associe a adaptation au sens du vent
CN102937383A (zh) * 2012-12-03 2013-02-20 中能服(北京)节能投资有限公司 一种电厂直接空冷岛导流防冻装置
CN107449520A (zh) * 2017-09-26 2017-12-08 河北博为电气股份有限公司 一种用于空冷温度场监测系统无损安装传感器的固定支架
CN114458397A (zh) * 2022-01-05 2022-05-10 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 一种强化小机直排直接空冷机组冬季启动性能的方法
CN120831022A (zh) * 2025-08-25 2025-10-24 内蒙古京泰发电责任有限公司 一种基于极寒气候条件下的空冷岛防冻集成装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1601120A1 (de) * 1967-11-09 1970-06-18 Appbau Rothemuehle Brandt & Kr Naturzugkuehlturm
DE1936137A1 (de) * 1969-07-16 1971-02-18 Kraftwerk Union Ag Dampfkraftanlage mit Luftkuehlung
FR2237153A1 (fr) * 1973-07-10 1975-02-07 Cottrell Res Inc
FR2360059A1 (fr) * 1976-07-26 1978-02-24 Chausson Usines Sa Procede et dispositif pour le reglage de la capacite de refroidissement d'une tour seche a tirage naturel
GB2086559A (en) * 1980-10-27 1982-05-12 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Apparatus for regulating the cooling of an outdoor steam condensor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1601120A1 (de) * 1967-11-09 1970-06-18 Appbau Rothemuehle Brandt & Kr Naturzugkuehlturm
DE1936137A1 (de) * 1969-07-16 1971-02-18 Kraftwerk Union Ag Dampfkraftanlage mit Luftkuehlung
FR2237153A1 (fr) * 1973-07-10 1975-02-07 Cottrell Res Inc
FR2360059A1 (fr) * 1976-07-26 1978-02-24 Chausson Usines Sa Procede et dispositif pour le reglage de la capacite de refroidissement d'une tour seche a tirage naturel
GB2086559A (en) * 1980-10-27 1982-05-12 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Apparatus for regulating the cooling of an outdoor steam condensor

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0551167A1 (fr) * 1992-01-06 1993-07-14 Hudson Products Corporation Condenseur de vapeur
DE19613910B4 (de) * 1996-04-06 2005-03-10 Tino Cabero Querstromwärmetauscher sowie Heiz- oder Kühleinrichtung umfassend einen Querstromwärmetauscher
EP0872270A1 (fr) * 1997-04-15 1998-10-21 Westinghouse Air Brake Company Postrefroidisseur avec ligne centrale à bypass
WO2007011868A3 (fr) * 2005-07-15 2007-07-05 Marley Cooling Technologies Inc Tour thermique et procede associe a adaptation au sens du vent
CN102937383A (zh) * 2012-12-03 2013-02-20 中能服(北京)节能投资有限公司 一种电厂直接空冷岛导流防冻装置
CN107449520A (zh) * 2017-09-26 2017-12-08 河北博为电气股份有限公司 一种用于空冷温度场监测系统无损安装传感器的固定支架
CN107449520B (zh) * 2017-09-26 2023-07-25 河北博为电气股份有限公司 一种用于空冷温度场监测系统无损安装传感器的固定支架
CN114458397A (zh) * 2022-01-05 2022-05-10 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 一种强化小机直排直接空冷机组冬季启动性能的方法
CN114458397B (zh) * 2022-01-05 2023-12-26 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 一种强化小机直排直接空冷机组冬季启动性能的方法
CN120831022A (zh) * 2025-08-25 2025-10-24 内蒙古京泰发电责任有限公司 一种基于极寒气候条件下的空冷岛防冻集成装置
CN120831022B (zh) * 2025-08-25 2026-03-17 内蒙古京泰发电责任有限公司 一种基于极寒气候条件下的空冷岛防冻集成装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT8819047A0 (it) 1988-01-12
IT1215688B (it) 1990-02-22

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