EP0331430A1 - Sprengstoffzusammensetzung - Google Patents

Sprengstoffzusammensetzung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0331430A1
EP0331430A1 EP89301976A EP89301976A EP0331430A1 EP 0331430 A1 EP0331430 A1 EP 0331430A1 EP 89301976 A EP89301976 A EP 89301976A EP 89301976 A EP89301976 A EP 89301976A EP 0331430 A1 EP0331430 A1 EP 0331430A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
explosive composition
oil
ammonium nitrate
composition according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89301976A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Mathew Ballard
David Curtin
Vladimir Sujansky
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Orica Australia Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
ICI Australia Operations Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ICI Australia Operations Pty Ltd filed Critical ICI Australia Operations Pty Ltd
Publication of EP0331430A1 publication Critical patent/EP0331430A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
    • C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
    • C06B47/145—Water in oil emulsion type explosives in which a carbonaceous fuel forms the continuous phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an explosive composition and in particular to such a composition comprising a blend of an emulsion explosive and solid ammonium nitrate particles.
  • Emulsion explosive compositions have been widely accepted in the explosives industry because of their excellent explosive properties and ease of handling.
  • the emulsion explosive compositions now in common use in the industry were first disclosed by Bluhm in United States Patent No. 3 447 978 and comprise as components: (a) a discontinuous aqueous phase comprising discrete droplets of an aqueous solution of inorganic oxygen-releasing salts; (b) a continuous water-immiscible organic phase throughout which the droplets are dispersed; (c) an emulsifier which forms an emulsion of the droplets of oxidizer salt solution throughout the continuous organic phase; and (d) a discontinuous gaseous phase.
  • More recently explosive compositions which comprise a blend of a water-in-oil emulsion and a solid particulate ammonium nitrate (AN) such as ammonium nitrate prills or ammonium nitrate prills coated with fuel oil (referred to as ANFO) have become popular because of the reductions in cost due to the inclusion of a significant proportion, for example, 5 to 50% of AN.
  • AN solid particulate ammonium nitrate
  • compositions comprising blends of a water-in-oil emulsion and AN (or ANFO) are described, for example, in Australian Patent Application No. 29408/71 (Butterworth) and US Patents 3 161 551 (Egly et al), and 4 357 184 (Binet et al).
  • a serious problem of prior art blends is evident when loading the compositions into wet bore holes.
  • This pumping technique does not allow the rapid loading rates that can be achieved when loading the blends from the top of bore-holes using techniques such as augering. Consequently as well as having to accept a slower loading rate in wet bore-holes frequent users of such explosives have been forced to maintain two sets of equipment for loading bore-holes according to the prevailing weather conditions.
  • an explosive composition comprising a blend of 45 to 95% by weight of the composition of a water-in-oil emulsion comprising a discontinuous aqueous phase comprising at least one oxygen-releasing salt, a continuous water-immiscible organic phase and a water-in-oil emulsifying agent; and 5 to 55% by weight of the composition of solid particulate ammonium nitrate and wherein the Brookfield Viscosity of the water-in-oil emulsion is in the range of from 25,000 to 60,000 cps.
  • Brookfield Viscosity refers to the viscosity measured at 60°C using a Brookfield RVT Viscometer No. 7 spindle at 50 rpm. It preferred that the Brookfield Viscosity of the water-in-oil emulsion be in the range of 28,000 to 40,000 cps.
  • the emulsion explosive component of the composition may contain adjuvants, for example, void agents such as gas bubbles, porous particles or balloons to reduce the density agent which stabilize void agents and solid particulate material such as carbon or aluminium.
  • adjuvants for example, void agents such as gas bubbles, porous particles or balloons to reduce the density agent which stabilize void agents and solid particulate material such as carbon or aluminium.
  • Such materials influence the viscosity of the composition as does the solid particulate ammonium nitrate and the Brookfield Viscosity of the water-in-oil emulsion is therefore determined on the water-in-oil emulsion devoid of adjuvants.
  • the water-immiscible organic phase component of the water-in-oil emulsion of the composition of the invention comprises the continous "oil" phase of the water-in-oil emulsion and is the fuel.
  • organic fuels include aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic compounds and mixtures thereof which are in the liquid state at the formulation temperature. Suitable organic fuels may be chosen from fuel oil, diesel oil, furnace oils, distillate, kerosene, naphtha, waxes (eg.
  • Preferred organic fuels are liquid hydrocarbons generally referred to as petroleum distillates such as gasoline, kerosene, fuel oils, furnace oils, and paraffin oils.
  • the organic fuel of the continuous phase of the water-in-oil emulsion component comprises from 2 to 15% by weight and preferably 3 to 10% by weight of the water-in-oil emulsion component of the explosive composition of the invention.
  • oils having a viscosity in the range of from 4 to 1000 and preferably 6 to 200 centi-stokes are particularly suited to providing a water-in-oil emulsion having the characteristic viscosity range of from 25,000 to 60,000 cps.
  • the organic fuel of the emulsion component of the compositions of the invention comprise at least one paraffinic oil.
  • the emulsifying agent of the water-in-oil emulsion may be selected from the wide range of emulsifying agents known in the art.
  • emulsifying agents include alcohol alkoxylates, phenol alkoxylates, poly(oxyalkylene) glycols, poly(oxyalkylene) fatty acid esters, amine alkoxylates, fatty acid esters of sorbitol and glycerol, fatty acid salts, sorbitan esters, poly­(oxyalkylene) sorbitan esters, fatty amine alkoxylates, poly(oxyalkylene) glycol esters, fatty acid amides, fatty acid amide alkoxylates, fatty amines, quaternary amines, alkyloxazolines, alkenyloxazolines, imidazolines, alkyl-sulfonates, alkylarylsulfonates, alkylsulfosuccinates, alkylphosphates, alkeny
  • the preferred emulsifying agents are the 2-alkyl- and 2-alkenyl-4,4′-bis (hydroxymethyl) oxazoline, the fatty acid esters of sorbitol, lecithin, copolymers of poly(oxyalkylene) glycols and poly(12-hydroxystearic acid), and mixtures thereof, and particularly sorbitan mono-oleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, 2-oleyl- 4,4′ -bis(hydroxymethyl) oxazoline, mixture of sorbitan sesquioleate, lecithin and a copolymer of poly(oxy­alkylene glycol and poly (12-hydroxystearic acid), poly[alk(en)yl]succinic acid and derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • the water-in-oil emulsion component has a viscosity in the range of 25,000 to 60,000 cps and the emulsifying agent component comprises a condensation product of an amine and a poly[alk(en)yl]succinic acid and/or anhydride.
  • condensation products of an amine and poly[alk(en)yl]succinic acid and/or anhydride may include esters, imides amides, and mixtures thereof.
  • said emulsifier has an average molecular weight in the range 400 to 5000.
  • the hydrocarbon chain is derived from polymerization of a mono-olefin and generally the polymer chain will contain from 40 to 500 carbon atoms.
  • the poly[alk(en)yl] moiety is derived from olefins containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and in particular from ethylene, propylene, 1-butene and isobutene.
  • the emulsifier may be derived from poly[alk(en)yl]succinic anhydride. Such emulsifiers derivatives are disclosed in Australian Patent, Patent Application No. 40006/85.
  • Such derivatives are commercially-available materials which are made by an addition reaction between a polyolefin containing a terminal unsaturated group and maleic anhydride, optionally in the presence of a halogen containing catalyst.
  • the succinic acid or anhydride residue in the above compounds may be reacted to introduce a polar group.
  • the said polar group is monomeric although oligomeric groupings containing not more than about 10 repeat units may be employed.
  • suitable polar groups may include polar groups derived from polyols such as glycerol, pentaerythritol, and sorbitol or an internal anhydride thereof (e.g.
  • sorbitan from amines such as ethylene diamine, tetraethylene triamine and dimethylaminopropylamine; and from heterocyclics such as oxazoline or imidazoline.
  • Suitable oligomeric groupings include short-chain poly(oxyethylene) groups (i.e. those containing up to 10 ethylene oxide units).
  • emulsifiers for use in accordance with the invention may be effected by conventional procedures depending upon their chemical nature.
  • the acid group or anhydride thereof can be caused to react with the hydroxyl or amino group by heating the two components together in a suitable solvent, in the presence of a catalyst if desired.
  • the emulsifiers may be of a non-ionic character, but they may alternatively be anionic or cationic in nature, as, for example, where the hydrophilic moiety incorporates the residue of a polyamine or a heterocyclic compound.
  • Preferred emulsifiers are poly(isobutylene) succinic anhydride derivatives and most preferably condensates thereof with amines such as ethanolamine.
  • the emulsifying agent component of the composition of the present invention comprises up to 5% by weight of the emulsion component of the composition. Higher proportions of the emulsifying agent may be used and may serve as a supplemental fuel for the composition but in general it is not necessary to add more than 5% by weight of emulsifying agent to achieve the desired effect.
  • composition of the invention further comprises voiding agents which may, for example, be in the form of fine gas bubbles dispersed through the composition, hollow particles (often referred to as microballoons), porous particles or mixtures thereof.
  • voiding agents may, for example, be in the form of fine gas bubbles dispersed through the composition, hollow particles (often referred to as microballoons), porous particles or mixtures thereof.
  • Techniques for preparing gassed emulsion explosives include mechanical agitation, injection or bubbling the gas through the composition, or chemical generation of the gas in situ .
  • the preferred process for introducing a gaseous phase is by in situ chemical gassing.
  • Suitable chemicals for the in situ generation of gas bubbles include peroxides, such as hydrogen peroxide, peroxide nitrates, such as sodium nitrite, nitrosamines, such as N, N′-dinitrosopenta­methylene tetramine, alkali metal borohydrides, such as sodium carbonate.
  • Catalytic agents such as thiocyanate or thiourea may be used to accelerate the decomposition of a nitrite gassing agent.
  • the voiding agent may be added before or after the emulsion is blended with the ammonium nitrate particles however it is generally preferred that the voiding agent is added to a blend of the emulsion and particles.
  • the voiding agent comprises 0.05 to 50% by volume of the emulsion explosive component at ambient temperature and pressure. More preferably, where used, the voiding agent is present in the range 10 to 30% by volume of the emulsion explosive component and preferably the preferred bubble size of occluded gas is below 200 um. More preferably, at least 50% of the gas component will be in the form of bubbles or microspheres of 20 to 200 um internal diameter.
  • an explosive composition comprising from 45 to 95 percent by weigh of the total composition of a water-in-oil emulsion comprising a discontinuous aqueous phase comprising at least one oxygen-releasing salt, a continuous water immiscible organic phase, a water-in-oil emulsifying agent and at least one agent capable of facilitating the production of gas bubbles in the presence of said water immiscible organic phase; and 5 to 55% by weight of the total composition of solid particulate ammonium nitrate; and wherein said water-in-oil emulsifying agent is selected from the group consisting of condensation products of an amine and a poly[alk(en)yl]succinic acid and/or anhydride and miixtures thereof.
  • compositions of the invention may be determined by a foam stabilization test.
  • an explosive composition as hereinbefore described wherein the agent referred to therein is characterized further in that it has properties which provide a suitable stabilizing effect and which are established by means of a foam stabilization test as hereinafter described.
  • 0.2 part by weight of active ingredient of the candidate agent or mixture of agents to be tested is added to and mixed with 100 part by weight of diesel fuel.
  • 5 ml of the mixture is placed in a graduated cylindrical vessel of 15 mm internal diameter.
  • the mixture is shaken for 15 seconds.
  • a foam forms on the surface of the mixture.
  • the volume (V5) of the foam is measured 5 minutes after the mixture has ceased to be shaken using the graduations on the vessel.
  • the foam volume (V60) is measured again 60 minutes after the mixture has ceased to be shaken, the vessel and the mixture being kept at a temperature of 18 to 22°C during this period of time.
  • a foam stability parameter 0 ⁇ 60/5 is calculated from the foam volumes by means of the formula
  • the foam stabilizing agents preferred for use in the compositions of the invention are those having a V5 value equal to or greater than 1 cubic centimetre and a 0 ⁇ 60/5 value equal to or greater than 0.3 as determined by the foam stabilization test hereinbefore described.
  • gas bubble stabilising agents are non-ionic fluoroalkyl esters such as are available under the trade name "FLUORAD”.
  • the gas bubble stabilising agent when used in the gas bubble stabilising agent will be present in the range of 0.0001 to 5.0% by weight of the emulsion component of the composition and preferably in the range 0.001 to 1%
  • Suitable oxygen-releasing salts for use in the aqueous phase component of the composition of the present invention include the alkali and alkaline earth metal nitrates, chlorates and perchlorates, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chlorate, ammonium perchlorate and mixtures thereof.
  • the preferred oxygen-releasing salts include ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and calcium nitrate. More preferably the oxygen-releasing salt comprising ammonium nitrate or a mixture of ammonium nitrate and sodium or calcium nitrates.
  • the oxygen-releasing salt of the emulsion component of the compositions of the present invention comprises from 45 to 95% and preferably from 60 to 90% by weight of the total emulsion component of the composition.
  • the oxygen-releasing salt comprises a mixture of ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate the preferred composition range for such a blend is from 5 to 80 parts of sodium nitrate for every 100 parts of ammonium nitrate. Therefore, in the preferred compositions of the present invention the oxygen-releasing salt component comprises from 45 to 90% by weight (of the emulsion component) ammonium nitrate or mixtures of from 0 to 40% by weight (of the emulsion component) ammonium nitrate.
  • the amount of water employed in the composition of the present invention is in the range of from 1 to 30% by weight of the emulsion component.
  • the amount employed is from 5 to 25%, and more preferably from 6 to 20% by weight of the emulsion component.
  • the ratio of water-in-oil emulsion:solid particulate ammonium nitrate is in the range 45:55 to 70:30 and more preferably 45:55 to 60:40.
  • ammonium nitrate particules is used herein to encompass compositions of prilled ammonium nitrate which may optionally be coated with a fuel component such as in the case of the well known ANFO compositions.
  • the solid particulate ammonium nitrate will comprise up to 10% w/w of fuel oil with about 6% being preferred. At about 6% the solid particulate ammonium nitrate is essentially oxygen-balanced.
  • a process for preparing the composition hereinbefore described comprises blending from 45 to 95 parts by weight of a water-in-oil emulsion and from 5 to 55 parts by weight of a solid particulate ammonium nitrate.
  • the water-in-oil emulsion may be prepared in a preliminary procedure comprising : dissolving the oxygen-releasing salt in water at a temperature above the fudge point of the salt solution, preferably at a temperature in the range from 25 to 110°, to give an aqueous salt solution; combining the aqueous salt solution, the water-immiscible organic phase and the water-in-oil emulsifying agent with rapid mixing to form a water-in-oil emulsion; and mixing until the emulsion is uniform.
  • the process further comprises mixing with the emulsion component or one or more constituents thereof a gas bubble stabilising agent and an agent capable of in situ generation of gas bubbles.
  • the present invention provides significant advantages in loading of water containing bore-holes.
  • the explosive composition is released from its containment or transport means. It is preferred that the explosive composition is augered to the collar of the bore-hole and released from a position above the collar.
  • We also provide a method of blasting in a water-containing borehole comprising the steps of loading a water-containing bore-hole as hereinbefore described and detonating the explosive.
  • compositions of our invention may be detonated successfully even when the explosive/water weight ratio is less than 10 and preferably in the range of from 1/1 to 6/1.
  • We also provide a method of blasting comprising detonating an explosive composition as hereinabove described in water wherin the explosive/water weight ratio is less than 10, preferably in the range of from 1/1 to 6/1.
  • Brookfield viscosity is used to refer to measurements carried out at 20°C using a Brookfield viscometer No 7 spindle at 50 rpm.
  • Example 1 The Explosives of Example 1 and Comparative Example A having the compositions as shown in Table 1 were prepared according to the following procedure.
  • TABLE 1 Example 1 CE A Parts w/w Parts w/w Emulsion component Ammonium nitrate 22.77 22.77 Calcium nitrate 20.32 20.32 Water 6.85 6.85 Acetic acid 0.48 0.48 Distillate (oil) - 4.20 Sorbitan mono-oleate - 0.84 Paraffin (oil) 4.2 - * PIBSA emulsifier 0.84 - Ammonium nitrate particles ANFO 44.7 44.7 Gas bubble stabiliser "FLUORAD", 5% solution in distillate 0.3 0.3 Gasser agent 0.1 0.1 (solution of 15% sodium nitrite and 30% sodium thiocyanate in water) * The PIBSA emulsifier use was a 1:1 molar condensate of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride and ethanolamine.
  • An aqueous solution was prepared by mixing the ammonium nitrate, CN water and acetic acid. The composition was heated to about 80°C and was added to a rapidly stirred blend of the oil and emulsifier. When addition was complete stirring was continued until the emulsion was uniform (about 60 seconds).
  • the ANFO (which comprised particulate ammonium nitrate on which had been absorbed 6% by weight of fuel oil) was blended with the emulsion and the gas stabilizing agent was then added with mixing, followed by the addition of the gasser solution.
  • the water-in-oil emulsion of the explosive composition of Example 1 prepared according to this process had a Brookfield Viscosity of 30,000 cps.
  • the water-in-oil emulsion of the explosive composition of Comparative Example A had a Brookfield Viscosity of 10,000 cps.
  • compositions prepared according to the above process were tested as follows:- The explosive (15 kg) is poured down a 4 m high (150 mm diameter) artificial borehole with a 200 mm diameter package at the bottom containing water (15 kg). The package was removed and the excess water poured from the top. The explosive was then primed with 400 g of "ANZOMEX” (trade mark) primer.
  • Example 1 successfully detonated on carrying out the above test but the composition of comparative Example A failed to detonate.
  • Example 2 The Explosives of Example 2 and 3 having the compositions as shown in Table 2 were prepared according to the following procedure. TABLE 2 Example 2 Example 3 Parts w/w Parts w/w Emulsion component Ammonium nitrate (chemically pure) 40.66 40.66 Water 10.16 10.16 Paraffin (oil) 2.65 2.65 * PIBSA emulsifier 1.53 1.53 Ammonium nitrate particles ANFO 45.0 45.0 VOIDING MATERIAL "MICROBALLOONS" 4.0 * The PIBSA emulsifier was the condensation product of "MOBILAD C207" (MOBILAD is a trade mark) and ethanolamine in 1:1 molar ratio. MOBILAD C207 is polyisobutylene succinic anhydride in a paraffin diluent.
  • MOBILAD C207 is polyisobutylene succinic anhydride in a paraffin diluent.
  • An aqueous solution was prepared by mixing the ammonium nitrate and water. The composition was heated to about 80°C and was added to a rapidly stirred blend of the oil and emulsifier. When addition was complete stirring was continued until the emulsion was uniform (about 60 seconds).
  • the ANFO (which comprised particulate ammonium nitrate on which had been absorbed 6% by weight of fuel oil) was blended with the emulsion and the MICROBALLOONS were then added with mixing.
  • the water-in-oil emulsion of the explosive composition of Examples 2 and 3 had a Brookfield Viscosity of 34,560 - 38560 cps.
  • compositions of examples 2 and 3 showed little loss of AN from the ANFO when immersed in water.
  • composition of example 2 gave 88% of shock when detonatedin water-containing bore-holes.
  • composition of example 2 was prepared and chemically gassed to a density of 1.10 gcm ⁇ 3.
  • composition of example 4 gave 83% of full energy (shock and bubble) when detonated in water-containing bore-holes.
  • composition of example 2 was prepared except that the paraffin oil was replaced with Furnace oil.
  • composition of example 5 gave 85-90% of full energy (shock and bubble) when detonated in water-containing bore-hole .200 mm diameter).
  • composition of example 5 was prepared except that the PIBSA emulsifier was replaced with sorbitan mono-oleate.
  • composition of example 6 gave 81-86% of full energy (shock and bubble) when detonated in water-containing bore-holes(200mm diameter).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
EP89301976A 1988-03-02 1989-02-28 Sprengstoffzusammensetzung Withdrawn EP0331430A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU7057/88 1988-03-02
AUPI705788 1988-03-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0331430A1 true EP0331430A1 (de) 1989-09-06

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Family Applications (1)

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EP89301976A Withdrawn EP0331430A1 (de) 1988-03-02 1989-02-28 Sprengstoffzusammensetzung

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0331430A1 (de)
CN (1) CN1049417C (de)
CA (1) CA1331514C (de)
GB (1) GB2216513A (de)
MW (1) MW1089A1 (de)
NO (1) NO890869L (de)
NZ (1) NZ228181A (de)
PH (1) PH26253A (de)
ZA (1) ZA891501B (de)
ZM (1) ZM1289A1 (de)
ZW (1) ZW3089A1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991017970A3 (en) * 1990-05-16 1992-04-02 Explosives Tech Eti Low level blasting composition and method of blasting same
US5160387A (en) * 1989-11-16 1992-11-03 Ici Australia Operations Proprietary Limited Emulsion explosive
WO1999021809A1 (en) * 1997-10-28 1999-05-06 Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd Emulsion explosive composition

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080185080A1 (en) 2005-10-10 2008-08-07 Waldock Kevin H Heavy ANFO and a Tailored Expanded Polymeric Density Control Agent
RU2447047C2 (ru) * 2009-12-30 2012-04-10 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Министерство промышленности и торговли (Минпромторг России) Способ получения эмульсионного взрывчатого состава
WO2013056631A1 (zh) * 2011-10-20 2013-04-25 Xue Shizhong 低碳环保乳化炸药及其制备方法和氧化剂盐水溶液的制备装置
CN113582785A (zh) * 2021-07-21 2021-11-02 江西国泰龙狮科技有限责任公司 一种低成本2号岩石乳化炸药的制备方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4181546A (en) * 1977-09-19 1980-01-01 Clay Robert B Water resistant blasting agent and method of use
GB2055358A (en) * 1979-08-06 1981-03-04 Du Pont Emulsion-type explosive composition and method for the preparation thereof
EP0131355A2 (de) * 1983-05-12 1985-01-16 Eti Explosives Technologies International Inc. Stabile Ammoniumnitratemulsionssprengstoffe und Verwendung einer solchen Emulsion
EP0152184A1 (de) * 1984-02-08 1985-08-21 Aeci Limited Sprengstoff mit einer explosiven Emulsion
EP0161821A1 (de) * 1984-04-19 1985-11-21 Ici Australia Limited Durch Gasblasen sensibilisierte Sprengstoffzusammensetzung vom Wasser-in-Öl-Emulsionstyp
EP0213786A1 (de) * 1985-08-21 1987-03-11 Ici Australia Limited Zusammensetzungen von Sprengstoffemulsionen und deren Herstellung
GB2194527A (en) * 1986-08-26 1988-03-09 Ici Australia Operations Explosive composition

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4181546A (en) * 1977-09-19 1980-01-01 Clay Robert B Water resistant blasting agent and method of use
GB2055358A (en) * 1979-08-06 1981-03-04 Du Pont Emulsion-type explosive composition and method for the preparation thereof
EP0131355A2 (de) * 1983-05-12 1985-01-16 Eti Explosives Technologies International Inc. Stabile Ammoniumnitratemulsionssprengstoffe und Verwendung einer solchen Emulsion
EP0152184A1 (de) * 1984-02-08 1985-08-21 Aeci Limited Sprengstoff mit einer explosiven Emulsion
EP0161821A1 (de) * 1984-04-19 1985-11-21 Ici Australia Limited Durch Gasblasen sensibilisierte Sprengstoffzusammensetzung vom Wasser-in-Öl-Emulsionstyp
EP0213786A1 (de) * 1985-08-21 1987-03-11 Ici Australia Limited Zusammensetzungen von Sprengstoffemulsionen und deren Herstellung
GB2194527A (en) * 1986-08-26 1988-03-09 Ici Australia Operations Explosive composition

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5160387A (en) * 1989-11-16 1992-11-03 Ici Australia Operations Proprietary Limited Emulsion explosive
WO1991017970A3 (en) * 1990-05-16 1992-04-02 Explosives Tech Eti Low level blasting composition and method of blasting same
WO1999021809A1 (en) * 1997-10-28 1999-05-06 Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd Emulsion explosive composition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO890869D0 (no) 1989-03-01
ZA891501B (en) 1989-11-29
NO890869L (no) 1989-09-04
MW1089A1 (en) 1989-10-11
PH26253A (en) 1992-04-01
CA1331514C (en) 1994-08-23
GB8904585D0 (en) 1989-04-12
NZ228181A (en) 1991-12-23
ZM1289A1 (en) 1989-10-27
CN1049417C (zh) 2000-02-16
CN1035817A (zh) 1989-09-27
GB2216513A (en) 1989-10-11
ZW3089A1 (en) 1990-07-25

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