EP0345182B1 - Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Erzeugung von Olefinen und Diolefinen durch Dampfkracken von Kohlenwasserstoffen mit Kontrolle durch ein Infrarot-Spektrophotometer enthaltendes System - Google Patents

Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Erzeugung von Olefinen und Diolefinen durch Dampfkracken von Kohlenwasserstoffen mit Kontrolle durch ein Infrarot-Spektrophotometer enthaltendes System Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0345182B1
EP0345182B1 EP89430014A EP89430014A EP0345182B1 EP 0345182 B1 EP0345182 B1 EP 0345182B1 EP 89430014 A EP89430014 A EP 89430014A EP 89430014 A EP89430014 A EP 89430014A EP 0345182 B1 EP0345182 B1 EP 0345182B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
cracking
reaction
steam
products
value
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EP89430014A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0345182A1 (de
Inventor
André Martens
Pierre Crouzet
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Compass Point 79-87 Kingston Road Staines Middl
ineos Europe Ltdtour Neptune La D?fense 1 20 Plac
Naphtachimie SA
PetroIneos Europe Ltd
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Naphtachimie SA
BP Chemicals Ltd
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Priority to AT89430014T priority Critical patent/ATE69254T1/de
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
    • C10G9/18—Apparatus
    • C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
    • C10G9/18—Apparatus
    • C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
    • C10G9/206—Tube furnaces controlling or regulating the tube furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/34—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts
    • C10G9/36—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
    • C10G2400/20—C2-C4 olefins
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S208/00—Mineral oils: processes and products
    • Y10S208/01—Automatic control

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for cracking hydrocarbons in the presence of water vapor, intended for manufacturing olefins and diolefins, in particular ethylene and propylene. It consists in particular in using an infrared spectrophotometer making it possible to analyze the hydrocarbons supplying a cracking furnace, and in controlling as a function of this analysis in particular the yields of olefins and of diolefins.
  • the conditions of the cracking reaction are chosen which make it possible to manufacture at least one product or a group of products, such as an olefin, a diolefin or a steam cracking gasoline, with a desired yield and fixed in advance.
  • yield of a product of the cracking reaction is understood to mean the weight ratio of the quantity produced of this product to the quantity used of hydrocarbons.
  • a cracking furnace is supplied with a mixture of hydrocarbons, the nature and composition of which can frequently vary over time, depending on the origin of these hydrocarbons.
  • a process and an apparatus for steam cracking of hydrocarbons have now been found which make it possible to avoid the drawbacks mentioned above and to manufacture olefins and diolefins with yields which can be fixed in advance at desired values.
  • One of the aims of the present invention is to control the productivity of one or more products of a hydrocarbon steam cracking reaction directly by means of the near infrared absorbance measurements of the mixture of hydrocarbons feeding a tube. cracked.
  • One of the advantages of the present process is to be able to control the steam cracking reaction while avoiding seeking to know and highlight the physical and / or chemical characteristics of the mixture of hydrocarbons to be cracked.
  • all the digital data obtained by absorbance measurements of the mixture of hydrocarbons at selected wavelengths in the near infrared can be used for information for monitoring the steam cracking reaction, with a view to '' obtain a desired productivity P in one or more products of this reaction.
  • the present invention uses an infrared spectrophotometer which, during the cracking reaction, makes it possible to perform a series of measurements in an extremely short time. the results of which make it possible to directly determine the reaction conditions necessary for the manufacture of olefins, diolefins and other products of the reaction with desired yields.
  • the present invention therefore relates to a process for steam cracking a mixture of hydrocarbons consisting in passing steam and the mixture of hydrocarbons through at least one heated cracking tube, a process characterized in that the process is controlled (a) by analyzing the mixture of hydrocarbons feeding the cracking tube using an infrared spectrophotometer to determine n absorbances at n wavelengths ranging from 0.8 to 2.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 m, (b) using the results of n absorbances to determine at least one V value of one of the conditions of the steam cracking reaction, and (c) by operating the steam cracking to the value or values V thus determined, so to obtain a desired value P fixed in advance of the productivity in one or more products of the steam cracking reaction.
  • One of the essential characteristics of the present invention is to perform, during the steam cracking reaction, absorbance measurements on the mixture of hydrocarbons feeding the cracking tube using an infrared spectrophotometer operating according to the reflection technique. , or the transmission technique, or even a combination of these two techniques.
  • the absorbance is generally defined, according to BEER-LAMBERT's law, as being the decimal logarithm of the ratio between the intensity Io of the radiation emitted by the infrared spectrophotometer and the intensity I of the radiation transmitted and / or reflected by the mixture of hydrocarbons.
  • n absorbance measurements of the mixture of hydrocarbons, at n wavelengths chosen in the near infrared range, ranging from 0.8 at 2.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 m, preferably from 1.0 to 2.5, and more particularly from 1.4 to 2.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 m.
  • the number n of absorbance measurements is generally from 2 to 20 approximately, preferably from 2 to 10.
  • the choice of the number n of absorbance measurements is partly related to the precision with which it is then desired to determine the value V of at least one of the conditions of the steam cracking reaction.
  • the absorbance measurements can be carried out at the following 5 wavelengths, expressed in 10 ⁇ 6 m, or at substantially similar wavelengths: 2,278-2,308-2,398-2,439 and 2,475.
  • the wavelengths to be used in the process in order to obtain a desired productivity P in one or more products of a steam cracking reaction can be chosen by statistical methods using factor analyzes and multilinear regressions, during a calibration procedure.
  • the latter may notably consist in varying the nature of the mixture of hydrocarbons to be cracked and the reaction conditions, according to an orthogonal experimental design, carried out in a cracking tube of an industrial production unit or in a cracking of laboratory, in particular of a micropyrolyser, and to choose the wavelengths in the near infrared, so that one can determine with an optimal precision and sufficient to carry out the process a correlative relation binding the productivity P to n results Ri of the n absorbance measurements and at the V values of the reaction conditions.
  • the wavelengths generally chosen are those of which the amplitude of absorbance varies greatly during the calibration procedure.
  • Another essential characteristic of the present invention is to fix, in an extremely short time, as a function of the absorbance measurements, at least one of the conditions of the cracking reaction so that the productivity of one or more reaction products is equal to a desired value P.
  • the conditions of the steam cracking reaction are those usually known for this type of reaction and can in particular be chosen among the flow rates of water vapor and of mixture of hydrocarbons supplying the cracking tube, the cracking temperature at any point of this tube, in particular at the entry or at the exit of the radiation zone of the furnace, the cracking pressure at any point of this tube, in particular at the exit from the radiation zone of the furnace, as well as the weight ratio between the quantity used of the mixture of hydrocarbons and that of water vapor.
  • one of the objects of the present invention is to control the steam cracking process by fixing in advance at a desired value P the productivity of one or more products resulting from the cracking reaction.
  • the productivity can be fixed in an olefin such as ethylene, propylene or butene-1, the productivity in a diolefin such as butadiene, or also the productivity in several reaction products such as "gasoline". steam cracking ".
  • the productivity of one or more reaction products can be defined by the production rate, corresponding to the quantity produced of the product (s) per unit of time.
  • Productivity can also be defined as the yield of the cracking reaction in one or more products.
  • this ratio is an indication of the selectivity of the cracking reaction between two products or two groups of products.
  • the method of the present invention consists in particular in determining the value V of at least one of the conditions of the steam cracking reaction directly as a function of the n results R i from each series of the n absorbance measurements, as well as as a function of 'at least one desired value P of a productivity.
  • V the value of at least one of the conditions of the steam cracking reaction directly as a function of the n results R i from each series of the n absorbance measurements, as well as as a function of 'at least one desired value P of a productivity.
  • the value V of one of the conditions of the steam cracking reaction can advantageously be determined by means of a correlative relation linking the condition of the reaction to several variables. These variables are constituted in particular by the n results R i of the n absorbance measurements, by at least one desired value P of the productivity and possibly by one or more other reaction conditions.
  • the correlative relationship can be established beforehand by means of a multivariate regression carried out on the basis of the productivity values of products obtained under different cracking conditions for various mixtures of hydrocarbons. It can in particular be a linear function of the n results R i of the n absorbance measurements, of a value P of at least one productivity and possibly of a value V of at least one of the conditions of the reaction.
  • the correlative relation can be, for example, of the general form: form in which P represents a value of the productivity in one of the products of the reaction, R i represents one of the values of the n absorbance measurements with i varying from 1 to n, V m represents one of the values of the conditions of the reaction, m represents the number of controlled reaction conditions and a, b i and c m represent numerical coefficients, negative or positive, whole or decimal.
  • the correlative relation can also be an algebraic function of these same variables and can contain products or quotients of these variables, for example, in one of the following general forms: forms in which the variables and the parameters have the same definitions as previously, V1 represents one of the values V m of the conditions of the reaction, k ij represents a numerical coefficient, negative or positive, integer or decimal, R j represents one of the values of the n absorbance measures with j being different from i and varying from 1 to n, and P and P ′ represent values of the productivity in two products of the reaction.
  • This correlative relationship depends on the type of infrared spectrophotometer used, the conditions under which it is used, the n of the wavelengths chosen, as well as the product or products of the cracking reaction whose productivity is to be fixed in advance.
  • the determination of the value V can advantageously be carried out by means of a computer.
  • the latter has the function of calculating the value V from the variables on which it depends, in particular from the n results R i of the n absorbance measurements and from at least one desired value P.
  • the computer is connected directly to the infrared spectrophotometer , the acquisition of n results R i by the calculator is practically instantaneous, and the complete determination of the value V can take a few minutes, generally less than 2 minutes.
  • the process is controlled by operating and conducting the reaction to this value by means known in themselves, in particular using a computer. preferably linked to regulation means capable of maintaining the condition at the determined value V, until a new series of n absorbance measurements is carried out. If the nature and / or the composition of the mixture of hydrocarbons to be cracked have changed in the interval between two successive series of n absorbance measurements, a new value V will then be determined from the last series of measurements carried out and the condition of the cracking reaction will be immediately corrected and fixed at this new value, in order to maintain the productivity in one or more reaction products at the desired value P, fixed in advance.
  • One of the main advantages of the process of the present invention is that it is able to maintain the productivity of one or more products of the cracking reaction at a constant value, whatever the fluctuations in the nature or the composition of the mixture of hydrocarbons. feeding the cracking tube.
  • the corrections of the conditions of the cracking reaction are made in an extremely short time, which makes it possible to avoid any drift, even momentary, of the reaction , towards the production of undesirable products or products obtained with unsatisfactory productivities.
  • This result is obtained in particular thanks to the fact that the process does not comprise any stage consisting in the research or the determination of the physical and / or chemical characteristics of the mixture of hydrocarbons to be cracked.
  • the results of the absorbance measurements can be directly used in the form of digital data in the correlative relations linking these to the desired productivity P and to the values V of the conditions of the steam cracking reaction. It is particularly surprising to note that it is now possible to control a steam cracking process at a given level of productivity and that it can tolerate large variations in the quality of the hydrocarbons supplying the cracking tube, for example as well as liquid hydrocarbons containing about 5 to 15 carbon atoms , such as naphtha, light gasolines and diesel oil, than gaseous hydrocarbons such as alkanes containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, optionally in admixture with alkenes containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or with methane and alkanes containing from 5 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, also called LPG, ethane, propane, butane, or light by-products from the steam cracking of hydrocarbons liquids.
  • the conditions of the cracking reaction can be corrected instantaneously and fixed at values V comprised within known limits.
  • the temperature of the reaction mixture at the entrance to the radiation zone of the furnace can be around 400 ° C. to 700 ° C.
  • the temperature of the reaction mixture at the exit from this zone can be around 720 ° C at 800 ° C
  • the pressure in the cracking tube at the outlet of this zone can be from 120 kPa to 240 kPa
  • the weight ratio of the quantity of hydrocarbon mixture used to that of water vapor can be from 1 to 6 approximately.
  • the temperature of the reaction mixture circulating in the cracking tube can increase from the entry to the exit from the radiation zone of the furnace according to a profile such as that described in European patent applications No. 252355 and n ° 252356.
  • the present invention also relates to an apparatus specially designed to be able to implement the method described above.
  • the apparatus comprises, on the one hand, a hydrocarbon steam cracking oven essentially comprising a thermal enclosure provided with heating means and crossed by at least one cracking tube, and, on the other hand, an infrared spectrophotometer capable of operating in at least one zone of the near infrared range ranging from 0.8 to 2.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 m approximately and intended to carry out absorbance measurements of the hydrocarbon mixture feeding the cracking tube.
  • the heating means of the thermal enclosure of the cracking furnace are generally constituted by burners whose arrangement in the enclosure, the size and the adjustment can be chosen or adapted at will, so that the thermal power applied along of the cracking tube is distributed in a more or less homogeneous manner, in particular as described in European patent applications No. 252355 and No. 252356.
  • the cracking tube can be arranged horizontally or vertically through the thermal enclosure, in particular in the radiation area of the furnace. It can have a reaction volume which is constant or which varies between the first and second halves of the length of the cracking tube, from the entry to the exit from the radiation zone of the furnace, as described in the applications for European Patent No. 252355 and No. 252356.
  • the absorbance measurements of the mixture of hydrocarbons feeding the cracking tube are carried out using the infrared spectrophotometer described above.
  • the latter can be of the Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer type. It can also be advantageously combined with a calculator intended to determine the value V of at least one of the conditions of the cracking reaction, by virtue of a calculation program containing at least one of the correlative relations linking this condition to variables on which it depends.
  • the steam cracker oven can also be combined with a process computer and control systems which allow these conditions to be fixed and automatically adjusted to the determined V values.
  • the process computer can also include the calculator program for calculating the value V.
  • the infrared spectrophotometer can be placed near the supply line of the furnace with a mixture of hydrocarbons or the enclosure for storing this mixture, or alternatively a distance more or less distant from them. It can be equipped with information transmission means such as optical fibers adapted to this particular type of analysis. In this case, these measurements are advantageously carried out directly in real time, that is to say online on the supply line of the furnace with a mixture of hydrocarbons, or on the enclosure for storing this mixture. It is also possible to install a system for taking samples of the mixture of hydrocarbons to be cracked, comprising either a manual device essentially consisting of an airlock provided with taps, or an automatic device controlled by a programmable automaton. This system can be, in this case, arranged on the supply line of the furnace with a mixture of hydrocarbons, or on the enclosure for storing this mixture. Absorbance measurements can also be performed in non-real time, that is to say in deferred time.
  • the present invention is particularly useful in industrial steam cracking installations having a considerable size and production capacity. Indeed, thanks to this process, any difference in productivity caused by fluctuations in the nature and composition of the mixture of hydrocarbons to be cracked is significantly reduced, if not eliminated, thus avoiding the manufacture of either undesirable products or of products obtained. with unsatisfactory productivity.
  • a steam cracking reaction of a naphtha is carried out in an oven essentially comprising a thermal radiation radiation enclosure, consisting of a rectangular parallelepiped having an internal length of 9.75 m, an internal width of 1.70 m and a height internal 4.85 m.
  • a thermal radiation radiation enclosure consisting of a rectangular parallelepiped having an internal length of 9.75 m, an internal width of 1.70 m and a height internal 4.85 m.
  • a cracking tube of refractory steel based on nickel and of chromium having a total length of 80 m, an internal diameter of 108 mm and a thickness of 8 mm.
  • the cracking tube has the shape of a serpentine comprising 8 straight horizontal sections, of equal length each, connected to each other by elbows.
  • the oven's thermal radiation enclosure is fitted with burners arranged on the walls of the enclosure, in 5 horizontal rows, located at equal distance from each other. The thermal power of all of these burners is evenly distributed between these 5 rows.
  • the cracking tube is supplied, on the one hand, with water vapor at a constant flow rate of 900 kg / h and, on the other hand, with a naphtha of variable composition over time, at a constant flow rate of 2800 kg / h.
  • the composition of the naphtha used varies so that its weight content in paraffins increases from 72% to 68%, its weight content in naphthenic compounds from 20% to 23%, its weight content in aromatic compounds 8% to 9%, and its density from 0.713 to 0.719.
  • the pressure of the reaction mixture leaving the radiation zone of the furnace is approximately 165 kPa.
  • the cracking temperature T at the outlet of this zone is variable during this manufacture and is determined so that the yield of ethylene is constantly equal to 22%.
  • the cracking temperature at the entrance to the radiation zone of the oven initially close to 550 ° C., undergoes slight variations over time due to those of the exit temperature T.
  • the process computer immediately sets the cracking temperature at the exit from the radiation zone of the oven to this value.
  • the cracking reaction is carried out in an oven identical to that described in Example 1.
  • the cracking tube is supplied, on the one hand, with water vapor at a constant flow rate of 964 kg / h and, on the other hand, with a naphtha of variable composition over time, at a constant flow rate of 3000 kg / h.
  • the composition of the The naphtha used varies so that its content by weight of paraffins increases from 68% to 76%, its content by weight of naphthenic compounds increases from 23% to 19%, its content by weight of aramatic compounds increases from 9% to 5% and its density from 0.719 to 0.697.
  • the pressure of the reaction mixture leaving the radiation zone of the furnace is approximately 165 kPa.
  • the cracking temperature T at the outlet of this zone is variable during this manufacture and is determined so that the ratio between the yield of propylene and that of ethylene is constantly equal to 0.6.
  • the cracking temperature at the entrance to the radiation zone of the oven initially close to 550 ° C., undergoes slight variations over time due to those of the exit temperature T.
  • the process computer immediately sets the cracking temperature at the exit from the radiation zone of the oven to this value.
  • the cracking reaction is carried out in an oven identical to that described in Example 1.
  • the cracking tube is supplied with water vapor and with naphtha of variable composition over time.
  • the composition of the naphtha used varies so that its weight content in paraffins increases from 76% to 72%, its content by weight in naphthenic compounds from 19% to 20%, its content by weight in aromatic compounds from 5 % to 8% and its density from 0.697 to 0.713.
  • the pressure of the reaction mixture leaving the radiation zone of the furnace is approximately 165 kPa.
  • the cracking temperature T at the exit from the radiation zone of the furnace and the flow rate Q of supply of the naphtha tube are variable during this manufacture and are determined so that the production rates of ethylene and propylene are respectively and constantly equal to 0.640 T / h and 0.370 T / h.
  • the cracking temperature at the entrance to the radiation zone of the furnace initially close to 550 ° C., undergoes slight variations over time. made of those of the output temperature T.
  • the water vapor supply rate varies over time so that the weight ratio of the quantity of hydrocarbon mixture used to that of water vapor is constantly 3.
  • the process computer When the values of the cracking temperature T and the supply rate Q of naphtha to the cracking tube are thus determined, the process computer immediately sets the temperature of cracking at the outlet of the radiation area of the furnace and the naphtha feed rate of the cracking tube at these values.

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Claims (8)

1. Verfahren zum Dampfcracken einer Mischung von Kohlenwasserstoffen, welches darin besteht, daß Wasserdampf und die Mischung von Kohlenwasserstoffen durch mindestens eine geheizte Crackröhre geleitet werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verfahren kontrolliert wird, indem (a) die die Crackröhre speisende Mischung von Kohlenwasserstoffen mit Hilfe eines Infrarot-Spektrofotometers zur Bestimmung von n Absorptionen bei n Wellenlängen in einem Bereich von 0,8 bis 2,6 · 10⁻⁶ m analysiert wird, (b) die Resultate der n Absorptionen zur Bestimmung von mindestens einem Wert V einer der Bedingungen der Dampfcrackreaktion verwendet werden, und (c) das Dampfcracken mit dem/den so bestimmten Wert(en) betrieben wird, sodaß ein zuvor festgelegter Sollwert P für die Produktivität an einem oder mehreren Produkten der Dampfcrackreaktion erzielt wird.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bedingung der Dampfcrackreaktion ausgewählt ist aus den Durchflußmengen des Wasserdampfs und der Kohlenwasserstoffmischung, die die Crackröhre speisen, der Cracktemperatur oder dem Crackdruck an irgendeiner Stelle dieser Röhre sowie dem Gewichtsverhältnis zwischen der eingesetzten Menge an Kohlenwasserstoffmischung und jener an Wasserdampf.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Produktivität an einem oder mehreren Reaktionsprodukten durch eine Ausbeute, durch eine Durchflußmenge oder durch ein Verhältnis zwischen zwei Mengen von erzeugten Produkten oder Produktgruppen definiert ist.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zahl n der Absorptionen 2 bis 20 beträgt.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Absorptionen bei Wellenlängen bewirkt werden, die in · 10⁻⁶ m ausgedrückt werden, oder bei im wesentlichen benachbarten Wellenlängen, ausgewählt aus 2,141-2,166-2,181-2,278-2,308-2,347-2,375-2,398-2,439-2,457 und 2,475.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wert V mittels einer linearen oder algebraischen Korrelationsgleichung bestimmt wird, in welcher die Bedingung der Crackreaktion mit n Resultaten Ri der n Absorptionsmessungen, mit mindestens einem Sollwert P für eine Produktivität an einem oder mehreren Reaktionsprodukten und gegebenenfalls mit einer oder mehreren anderen Reaktionsbedingungen in Beziehung gebracht wird.
7. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie einerseits einen Ofen zum Dampfcracker von Kohlenwasserstoffen mit im wesentlichen einer Wärmezelle, die mit Heizeinrichtungen versehen und von mindestens einer Crackröhre durchsetzt ist, und anderseits ein Infrarot-Spektrofotometer, das in mindestens einem Bereich des nahen Infrarotgebiets, der von 0,8 bis 2,6 · 10⁻⁶ m geht, funktioniert und zur Durchführung von Absorptionsmessungen der die Crackröhre speisenden Kohlenwasserstoffmischung bestimmt ist, umfaßt.
8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Infrarot-Spektrofotometer mit einem Rechner zur Bestimmung des Werts V mindestens einer der Bedingungen der Crackreaktion mit Hilfe eines Rechenprogramms, das eine lineare oder algebraische Korrelationsgleichung enthält, in der die Bedingung der Crackreaktion mit n Resultaten Ri der n Absorptionsmessungen, mit mindestens einem Sollwert P für eine Produktivität an einem oder mehreren Reaktionsprodukten und gegebenenfalls mit einer oder mehreren anderen Reaktionsbedingungen in Beziehung gebracht wird, kombiniert ist.
EP89430014A 1988-05-30 1989-05-19 Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Erzeugung von Olefinen und Diolefinen durch Dampfkracken von Kohlenwasserstoffen mit Kontrolle durch ein Infrarot-Spektrophotometer enthaltendes System Expired - Lifetime EP0345182B1 (de)

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AT89430014T ATE69254T1 (de) 1988-05-30 1989-05-19 Verfahren und einrichtung zur erzeugung von olefinen und diolefinen durch dampfkracken von kohlenwasserstoffen mit kontrolle durch ein infrarot-spektrophotometer enthaltendes system.

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FR8807322 1988-05-30
FR8807322A FR2631957B1 (fr) 1988-05-30 1988-05-30 Procede et appareillage de fabrication d'olefines et de diolefines par reaction de vapocraquage d'hydrocarbures controlee a l'aide d'un systeme comprenant un spectrophotometre infrarouge

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NO892156D0 (no) 1989-05-29
NO175008C (no) 1994-08-17
FI97973B (fi) 1996-12-13
CA1332923C (en) 1994-11-08
FR2631957A1 (fr) 1989-12-01
ATE69254T1 (de) 1991-11-15
NO892156L (no) 1989-12-01
MY111734A (en) 2000-12-30
FI892605L (fi) 1989-12-01
SG125792G (en) 1993-07-09
KR970007493B1 (ko) 1997-05-09
US5082985A (en) 1992-01-21
EP0345182A1 (de) 1989-12-06
FR2631957B1 (fr) 1990-08-31
JPH0774339B2 (ja) 1995-08-09
JPH0228293A (ja) 1990-01-30
ES2027068T3 (es) 1992-05-16
GR3003560T3 (de) 1993-03-16
FI97973C (fi) 1997-03-25
DE68900412D1 (de) 1991-12-12
KR890017339A (ko) 1989-12-15
FI892605A0 (fi) 1989-05-29
NO175008B (no) 1994-05-09

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