Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
  • E02D5/02—Sheet piles or sheet pile bulkheads
  • E02D5/14—Sealing joints between adjacent sheet piles

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for making sheet pile curtains tight to liquids or pollutants contained in solids.
• This type of structure is particularly used to separate a liquid medium from a solid medium, for example for the defense of the banks of canals and rivers, as a screen for the protection of flood zones ..., or to separate two solid media , for example to separate a healthy soil from a soil contaminated by metals or various chemicals (metal salts, solvents, hydrocarbons ).
• the empty space existing between the two locked complementary loops is more or less closed; Also, the sealing of such a structure is not always sufficient, in particular in the event of accidental pollution of the water table, in particular when the latter is located at a shallow depth.
• the Applicant has found a particularly simple method for sealing the sheet pile locking systems.
• Said method consists in introducing into the empty space a fluid system capable of forming, at the temperature prevailing inside the empty space, a gel or a solid resin occupying the volume of the empty space by swelling in contact with the medium. present in the area to be sealed, the setting time of said system is generally less than 1 hour.
• the gels or resins used or formed "in situ" can be of more or less elastic consistency; so gels or relatively hard-looking resins can be used if they are liable to swell on contact with the medium present in the area to be sealed.
• the fluid system implemented in a preferable manner comprises at least the following essential elements: - a fluid substance capable of "hardening” at the temperature prevailing inside the locked loops of the sheet pile wall, - an agent for "hardening" said fluid substance, - And a swelling agent in contact with the medium present in the area to be sealed if said substance does not swell or does not swell enough on its own in contact with said medium.
• setting time is meant the time interval between the moment when the various constituents of the fluid system are mixed and the moment when the product obtained no longer flows. This setting time is easily adjustable depending on the temperature by varying the various system parameters.
• Fluid system means a system whose viscosity is generally less than 15 Pa.s, preferably less than 1 Pa.s.
• a viscosity close to that of water is sought when the area to be sealed contains terrain elements of fineness less than or equal to that of sand or when the speed of circulation of the medium in the area to be sealed is low.
• the circulation of the medium in the zone to be sealed is important, it is preferable to use a more viscous system in order to avoid its too strong dilution by the medium.
• harden means to pass from the fluid state to a more or less elastic cohesive solid state.
• the fluid substance and the "hardening agent" are preferably not brought into contact with each other until they are introduced into the empty space. However, they can be mixed in advance when the setting time of the grout obtained is high or when the rate of introduction of this grout is very fast.
• the process of the invention is particularly interesting to make the sheet piling waterproof to liquids, whether the latter are aqueous (fresh water, salt water, brackish water, variously polluted water %), hydrocarbon (petroleum products, petroleum derivatives ).
• a particularly important application consists in sealing the sheet pile walls vis-à-vis aqueous media.
• the process therefore consists in introducing into the empty space a fluid system capable of forming, at the temperature prevailing inside the empty space, a gel or a solid resin, said system possibly being added with a swelling agent in an aqueous medium. , the setting time of said system being generally less than 1 hour.
• the fluid system used can be aqueous or non-aqueous.
• an aqueous fluid system mention may be made of those consisting of: - an ethylenically unsaturated substance, diluted in water, capable of forming, by polymerization and / or crosslinking, a solid resin or gel, - a polymerization and / or crosslinking initiator, -
• a swelling agent in an aqueous medium when the gel or the resin formed does not swell or does not swell enough of itself or of itself in contact with the aqueous medium present in the area to be sealed.
• - monoethylenically unsaturated monomers soluble or dispersible in water such as for example water-soluble acrylic monomers of the acrylic acid, acrylamide, N-alkylacrylamides type, the alkyl radical of which is C1-C4, methylolacrylamide, methylolmethacrylamide, acrylates C1-C4 alkyl, mineral acrylates, etc., mixed with at least one di- or poly-ethylenically unsaturated crosslinking monomer soluble or dispersible in water of the methylene-triacrylamide, methylene bis-methacrylamide, dihydroxy-1 type, 2 ethylene bis-acrylamide, 1,2-dihydroxy ethylene bis-methacrylamide, n-methylol-1,2-dihydroxy ethylene bis-acrylamide, bis (acrylamidomethyl) -1,3 imidazolidone-1,2, bis (methacrylamidomethyl) -1,3 imidazo
• Low molecular weight oligomers homopolymers or copolymers derived from water-soluble or dispersible monoethylenically unsaturated monomers such as those mentioned above, mixed with at least one di- or poly-ethylenically unsaturated crosslinking monomer soluble or dispersible in water such as those cited above.
• vinyl polymers which are not very sensitive to water when mixed with water-soluble or dispersible monoethylenically unsaturated monomers such as those mentioned above, and optionally at least one di- or poly-ethylenically unsaturated crosslinking monomer which is soluble or dispersible in water such as those mentioned above.
• the level of crosslinking monomer can represent up to 5% of the weight of the monoethylenically unsaturated monomer soluble or dispersible in water.
• the polymerization and / or crosslinking initiator entering the fluid system is generally a free radical generating compound soluble in water or miscible with it such as potassium or ammonium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide , acetyl peroxide, propionyl, phenylacetyl, benzoyl, t-butyl, benzyl, cumyl peroxide ...
• a free radical generating compound such as potassium or ammonium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide , acetyl peroxide, propionyl, phenylacetyl, benzoyl, t-butyl, benzyl, cumyl peroxide ...
• the amount of initiator generally represents 0.1 to 5% of the weight of the monoethylenically unsaturated monomer (s) soluble (s) or dispersible (s) in water.
• a reducing accelerator in a similar amount, such as sodium pyrosulfite, sodium metabisulfite, tertiary amines such as dimethylaminopropionitrile, dimethylaminoacetonitrile, triethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, tetramethylethylenediamine.
• a reducing accelerator such as sodium pyrosulfite, sodium metabisulfite, tertiary amines such as dimethylaminopropionitrile, dimethylaminoacetonitrile, triethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, tetramethylethylenediamine.
• the rate of accelerator allows to play on the setting time.
• aqueous fluid systems based on monoethylenically unsaturated monomers soluble or dispersible in water.
• these are for example: - alkaline silicates added at the time of use of a gelling reagent; these are sodium or potassium silicates or polysilicates with a SiO2 / M2O molar ratio of the order of 2 to 5, the gelling of which is carried out by separate addition of a gelling agent of the triacetin, sodium bicarbonate, ester type alkyl of carboxylic acids (mono-, di- or tri-methyl and / or ethyl esters), glyoxal, sodium aluminate.
• - thickeners based on water-soluble polymers such as polyacrylamides, hydrolysed polyacrylamides, polyacrylic acids, polyacrylic acid salts, polysaccharides (xanthan gum ).
• an aqueous fluid system which can be used, mention may be made of those consisting of: - a water-soluble or dispersible polymer capable of forming a resin or an elastic gel by crosslinking, a crosslinking agent for said polymer, - and possibly a swelling agent with water.
• polymers soluble or dispersible in water By way of example of polymers soluble or dispersible in water, mention may be made of natural or synthetic products such as polyacrylamide, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides, polyacrylonitrile, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polysaccharides, l polyacrylic acid and its derivatives, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxides and / or propylene, alginates, carragenates, gums (agar, arabic %), pectins, starch, alkyls and hydroxyalkyl celluloses .
• natural or synthetic products such as polyacrylamide, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides, polyacrylonitrile, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polysaccharides, l polyacrylic acid and its derivatives, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxides and / or propylene, alginates, carragenates, gums (agar, arabic
• the crosslinking agents are generally: - Fe2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Ti4+, Zn2+, Sn4+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cr3+ ... cations complexed by an acetate, nitrolotriacetate, tartrate, citrate, tripolyphosphate, metaphosphate, gluconate, phosphate ... - or aldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glutaric aldehyde ... for polymers capable of reacting with aldehydes.
• a fluid aqueous system is constituted by: - aminoplast resins such as urea-formaldehyde, melamine-urea-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde-acetone resins, optionally modified with acrylamide, furfuramide, furfurol, polyvinyl alcohol, etc .; - an acid-type hardening agent such as oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, etc.; - and optionally, a blowing agent with water.
• aminoplast resins such as urea-formaldehyde, melamine-urea-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde-acetone resins, optionally modified with acrylamide, furfuramide, furfurol, polyvinyl alcohol, etc .
• an acid-type hardening agent such as oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, etc.
• - and optionally, a blowing agent with water optionally, a blowing agent
• the amount of curing agent used is chosen according to the desired setting time of said system.
• Water blowing agents can be used if the gel or the elastic resin formed by crosslinking or hardening of the ethylenically unsaturated substance or aminoplast does not swell or insufficiently in contact with water.
• These agents are of the polyacrylamide, carboxymethylcellulose, polysaccharide, natural gum (guar %) type.
• water reactive fluid polyurethanes constituted by: - a main product with free NC0 resulting from the reaction of a hydroxylated and polyethoxylated and / or propoxylated compound on a polyisocyanate such as methane diphenylisocyanate, tolyldiphenyldiisocyanate ... - And if necessary, the solvent for the said product to lower its viscosity, such as benzene, xylene, acetone, etc. or a plasticizer of the adipate, maleate, phthalate type, etc.
• a polyisocyanate such as methane diphenylisocyanate, tolyldiphenyldiisocyanate ...
• the solvent for the said product to lower its viscosity, such as benzene, xylene, acetone, etc. or a plasticizer of the adipate, maleate, phthalate type, etc.
• the "hardening" agent consists of the water itself contained in the area to be sealed.
• non-aqueous fluid system of crosslinkable liquid silicones, of crosslinkable liquid polybutadienes, optionally hydroxylated, or of crosslinkable liquid polysulphides added with a water-swelling agent, if necessary.
• Auxiliary products can also be present in the fluid system whatever the nature of the latter, such as for example: - reinforcing or diluting fillers (talc, titanium oxide, kaolin, fly ash, chalk, silica smoke, bentonite, cement, plaster, red mud ). - anti-corrosion agents - anti-freeze - gravity agents (barium sulfate, bromide or potassium chloride ). - dispersing agents ...
• the swelling capacity of the fluid system after gelation or hardening is adjustable in various ways: concentration of active material, rate of crosslinker, rate of swelling agent, rate of fillers, etc.
• - ROCAGIL BT or BT-2 based on aqueous methylolacrylamide solution having a setting time which can range from a few seconds to more than an hour at room temperature depending on the level of catalyst and setting retarder used - SIPROGEL 110-25 based on aqueous solutions of acrylic monomer and sodium silicate, having a setting time of the order of 2 to 47 minutes at 20 ° C depending on the concentration of accelerator used.
• -ROCAGIL AL6 aqueous slurry based on acrylic monomer, having a setting time of the order of 30 to 40 minutes at 20 ° C, depending on the amount of initiator used.
• ROCAGIL F22U based on aminoplast aqueous resin with acid hardening, exhibiting a setting time of the order of 22 to 40 minutes at 30 ° C. depending on the concentration of catalyst.
• a particularly suitable mode of introduction of the fluid system into the empty space existing between the locked complementary loops is the injection under pressure, after mixing, of the various constituents of the fluid system by means of an injection probe.
• the process which is the subject of the invention can be used for sealing any type of sheet pile curtain, whether these are formed from a core with a particular profile in ⁇ , in U, in S, in z or other.
• Fluid systems capable of forming an inflatable resin or gel are suitable for all locking systems.
• the grout obtained having a setting time of the order of 15 minutes at 20 ° C can be introduced by injection using a single-circuit system into the volume to be sealed; he is particu lly suitable for injection into a volume to be sealed containing an aqueous medium containing fine sand.
• the two solutions are introduced by injection using a double circuit system into the volume to be sealed; the setting time of the final grout is around 15 minutes at 20 ° C.
• This injection mode makes it possible to operate for a longer time, the mixing only taking place at the outlet of the injection pump.
• the mixture of the two sets forms a grout whose setting time is 5 minutes at 20 ° C and which swells with water.
• This very fluid grout can be set up by injection using a dual circuit system; it is particularly suitable for injection into a volume to be sealed containing an aqueous medium containing fine sand.
• this grout can be done by injection using a double circuit material. It is particularly suitable for injecting the volume to be sealed when it contains rapidly changing water.
• the grout obtained has a setting time of around 37 minutes at 20 ° C and swells with water; it is particularly suitable for injection into a volume containing water with low circulation and containing small quantities of sand.
• the grout obtained has a setting time of the order of 12 minutes at 20 ° C and swells with water; its application is similar to that of the grout of Example 5.
• the mixture of sets D and E constitutes a viscous grout which swells with water, a grout whose setting time at 20 ° C is 7 minutes.
• this grout does not dilute in circulation water.
• a grout is obtained whose setting time is between 11 and 15 minutes at 20 ° C and which, after a few days of storage forms a hard material capable of swelling in water; this material has a monoaxial compressive strength of 15 mega Pa.
• Such a grout is particularly well suited for injection into a volume containing water or in a vacuum.
• the mixture of the two sets forms a grout whose setting time is 8 minutes at 10 ° C; it is particularly suitable for injection into a volume containing water and coarse alluvium.
• the mixture of the two sets forms a viscous and dense grout, the setting time of which is 15 minutes at 10 ° C; it is particularly suitable for injection into a volume containing water with high circulation.
• the mixture of the two sets forms a grout whose setting time at 20 ° C is 6 minutes; the material obtained is capable of swelling in water and has good mechanical properties under compression; the grout is particularly suitable for injection into a volume containing water with high circulation.
• the mixture of the two sets forms a grout capable of swelling with water, the setting time of which is 25 minutes at 20 ° C; it is particularly suitable for injection into a volume containing water and coarse alluvium.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
• Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
• Cell Separators (AREA)
• Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
• Basic Packing Technique (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (3)

Family

ID=9368678

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (1)

Family Cites Families (7)

• 1988
  • 1988-07-22 FR FR8809921A patent/FR2634505B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1989
  • 1989-07-12 AT AT89402003T patent/ATE83520T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1989-07-12 EP EP89402003A patent/EP0352172B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events