EP0353540A2 - Garniture pour portes coupe-feux comportant un sol de silice - Google Patents

Garniture pour portes coupe-feux comportant un sol de silice Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0353540A2
EP0353540A2 EP89113178A EP89113178A EP0353540A2 EP 0353540 A2 EP0353540 A2 EP 0353540A2 EP 89113178 A EP89113178 A EP 89113178A EP 89113178 A EP89113178 A EP 89113178A EP 0353540 A2 EP0353540 A2 EP 0353540A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
wall element
element according
water
hydroxide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89113178A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0353540B2 (fr
EP0353540B1 (fr
EP0353540A3 (fr
Inventor
Hans Kummermehr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Isover G+H AG
Original Assignee
Gruenzweig und Hartmann AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Gruenzweig und Hartmann AG filed Critical Gruenzweig und Hartmann AG
Publication of EP0353540A2 publication Critical patent/EP0353540A2/fr
Publication of EP0353540A3 publication Critical patent/EP0353540A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0353540B1 publication Critical patent/EP0353540B1/fr
Publication of EP0353540B2 publication Critical patent/EP0353540B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
    • E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
    • E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/70—Door leaves
    • E06B3/7015—Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels
    • E06B2003/7042—Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels with a fire retardant layer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fire-resistant, heat-reducing wall element, in particular as an insert for a fire-retardant door, according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for its production according to the preamble of claim 14.
  • the fire resistance is determined by the duration at which a certain temperature increase on one side of the wall element, the other side of the wall element below a certain limit temperature, for. B. 180 ° C remains.
  • the service life of the wall element until this limit temperature is reached on the cold side in minutes gives the fire resistance class, whereby according to DIN 4102, Part 5 z. B. the classification in fire resistance class F 30 a 30-minute service life F 90 means a 90-minute service life, etc.
  • thermal insulation measures alone can only delay the rise in temperature to a limited extent on the cold side, and that this requires relatively large wall thicknesses.
  • thermal insulation materials with a correspondingly high thermal resistance on the one hand and under the wall temperatures sufficient temperature resistance on the other hand are not available, with the exception of asbestos, which is not to be used infologe its health-endangering effects.
  • Mineral wool such as rock wool, sinters together from the hot side under the high fire temperatures and thus loses its effectiveness as a thermal insulation material relatively quickly on the hot side, so that relatively large wall thicknesses are required;
  • mineral wool has a relatively low heat capacity and can therefore only delay the temperature rise on the cold side by its own heat absorption at low wall thicknesses.
  • Gypsum in particular is in practical use as a material for a layer that can delay the temperature rise on the cold side due to the storage of latent heat due to phase change.
  • the relatively high enthalpy is used when the crystal water is split off, which occurs from approx. 50 ° C.
  • gypsum as a layer with the dimensions required in practice can only be handled in the form of so-called gypsum plasterboard, with a layer of gypsum being laminated on both sides with cardboard.
  • the cardboard lining naturally increases the fire load and promotes the formation of flammable smoldering and decomposition gases.
  • DE-OS 30 23 632 sodium metasilicate has become known, a substance which melts at about 48 ° C. while absorbing heat in its own crystal water and is stable in the molten state.
  • the problem here is that the melt with a relatively low viscosity is formed even at the lowest temperatures and, of course, has a tendency to accumulate in the lower region of the available space.
  • the hot upper area is completely bared of the material of the layered fire protection zone, so that the temperature on the cold side rises there in a sudden leap.
  • the sodium metasilicate should be embedded in an open-pore support structure made of a wettable material, for example granulated mineral wool, to avoid draining away too quickly.
  • a substance is also to be introduced which binds the melt and forms a doughy or solid mass with it. It has been shown that the outflow of the melt can be delayed with such measures. Another question is the low melting point of sodium metasilicate of approx.
  • the heat transfer reducing wall element is known.
  • two insulation layers made of bound mineral wool combined with at least one fire protection zone made of a granulate made of alkali or alkaline earth carbonate, the granulate being coated with an inorganic binder, e.g. B. magnesia binder.
  • This known wall element offers sufficient resistance to fire; however, since the material of the fire protection zone consists of alkali or alkaline earth carbonate in the form of granules, the fire protection zone is relatively wide, which leads to a relatively large structural thickness of the wall element. In addition, the known wall element is very heavy and prone to breakage.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a wall element of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1, which in combination with mineral fiber insulation layers a high fire resistance class such as F 90 according to DIN 4102, Part 5 with a reduced thickness and reduced compared to the prior art Can easily reach weight.
  • Substances are used as hydroxides or binders to ensure that no flammable and / or toxic gases are generated in the event of a fire.
  • As water-releasing hydroxides aluminum hydroxide Al (OH) 3 or z.
  • Magnesium hydroxide Mg (OH) 2, calcium hydroxide Ca (OH) 2, - iron hydroxide Fe (OH) 3 or FeO (OH) are used, which are converted into the corresponding oxides Al2O3, MgO, CaO, Fe2O3 etc. with elimination of water .
  • the conversion of the hydroxides into the corresponding oxides is an endothermic reaction, whereby heat is absorbed becomes. Furthermore, water is released in a heat-consuming endothermic reaction, which escapes in the form of water vapor.
  • the binder has the function of binding the water-releasing hydroxide in the form of a layer on at least one insulation layer.
  • Aluminum hydroxide Al (OH) 3 (hydrargillite) changes to AlO (OH) (boehmite) when heated to approx. 150 ° C, which changes to gamma-aluminum oxide at approx. 2 Al (OH) 3 ---- ⁇ 2 AlO (OH) ---- ⁇ Al2O3
  • aluminum hydroxide is available in a variety of different preparations, e.g. B. available as a martinal (registered trademark of the Martinswerk, Bergheim) on the market.
  • the measure of using the water-releasing hydroxide in different fractions with at least two particle size ranges leads to a higher packing density of the hydroxide.
  • increasing the packing density has the advantage that more mass with endothermic and water-releasing properties can be introduced into the layer and, on the other hand, that the proportion of the more expensive binder can be reduced if necessary.
  • the increase in the packing density leads to less shrinkage of the layer during drying, as a result of which crack formation can be largely suppressed.
  • the average grain size of the finest fraction is less than 2 microns ensures that this fraction fits well into the packing gaps formed by the spherical packing of the largest fraction with an average grain size below 100 microns and in particular lower 30 microns and thereby a tightly packed Compound of the dehydrating hydroxide, e.g. B. the aluminum hydroxide is formed.
  • Silica sol is a colloidal solution of amorphous silicon dioxide in water, to which small amounts of alkali are added to stabilize it in technical qualities.
  • Commercial silica sols which occur as anionic or as cationic silica sols contain, for example, 15 to 45% by weight of solids, calculated as SiO2.
  • Anionic silica sol with a solids content of 30 to 45% by weight, in particular 40% by weight, is preferably added to the layer between the insulating layers of bound mineral wool of the wall element according to the invention as silica sol.
  • silica sol serves as a binder and also splits off water during the transition to the crosslinked gel state and during aging and during heating, with the formation of silicon dioxide according to the following equation: Si (OH) 4 ---- ⁇ SiO (OH) 2 ---- ⁇ SiO2.
  • Aluminum hydroxide in the form of the commercial article Martinal is inert in the pH range between 3.5 and 10.5 and is insoluble in acids and alkalis. Therefore the mixture of Al (OH) 3 (pH about 9.1) and silica sol (pH about 9 to 10) resistant.
  • a water glass e.g. Potassium or sodium water glass can be used in aqueous solution.
  • Such solutions are strongly basic so that they slowly attack aluminum hydroxide. If this reaction interferes with water glass, Mg (OH) 2, Ca (OH) 2, Fe (OH) 3 or FeO (OH) or another hydroxide instead of aluminum hydroxide or a mixture of such hydroxides together with water glass can be used as the water-releasing hydroxide will.
  • any water-releasing hydroxide e.g. Mg (OH) 2, Ca (OH) 2, Fe (OH) 3, FeO (OH) or a mixture of such hydroxides can be used together with silica sol.
  • the silica sol solidifies in the layer over a period of 2 to 8 hours. It can e.g. B. can be significantly shortened by heating or microwave drying.
  • the water from the moist mixture of hydroxide and a water glass or silica sol is distributed to a small extent in the underlying insulation layer and can evaporate over time.
  • the strength of the layer is not dependent on the complete removal of the water, since it is based primarily on the transition of the water glass or silica sol to the crosslinked gel state.
  • a second layer of insulation can also be placed on top of the still damp layer and evenly bonded to the layer made of the plastic mass by light pressure.
  • the silica sol By changing the silica sol to the cross-linked gel state, the two insulation layers are irreversibly connected or glued to one another in this procedure.
  • the binder is an organic substance, such as a polysaccharide, a polysaccharide derivative, in particular a polysaccharide ether, preferably a cellulose ether, such as. B. Tylose (registered trademark) or adding a synthetic resin has the advantage that drastic savings in binder can be achieved if necessary by this measure.
  • the organic additive for example tylose, even if it is used in fire-irrelevant concentrations of well below 1% by weight, based on the mixture of hydroxide and binder, still has such a bondability or adhesive strength of the hydroxide / binder Mixture has the effect that the usual binder concentration can be reduced by a factor of approx. 2 to 5. This results in an economical saving of binders, especially the relatively expensive silica brine.
  • the wall element produced in this way has sufficient fire resistance for normal applications. If there is an increased requirement for fire resistance, one or more insulation layers can be stacked in the same way with the wall element produced in this way.
  • the thickest possible insulation layers made from bound mineral wool can be used.
  • the thickness of the insulation layers is limited by the prescribed maximum thickness of fire protection doors and by the high weight of fire protection doors with very thick insulation layers.
  • panels with a thickness of 20 to 40 mm, in particular 30 mm and a bulk density of 140 to 280 kg / m2, in particular 200 kg / m2, have proven themselves as insulation layers.
  • the layer of inorganic material is applied in a thickness of 2 to 5 mm, in particular 3 mm, so that the layer 3 has a basis weight of 5 to 10 kg / m2, in particular 7 to 8 kg / m2.
  • the outer insulation layer made of mineral wool facing the respective fire initially insulates the layer of inorganic material, which also serves as a fire protection zone, and protects it from direct flame access, so that the latter is only later exposed to the full flame effect .
  • the second mineral wool insulation layer remains, which is arranged on the cold side in order to effect the required insulation on the cold side. This insulation layer is protected by the layer acting as a fire protection zone and can therefore fully develop its insulation effect over a long period of time.
  • the layer has a nonwoven, in particular a nonwoven made of glass fibers, the cracking in the layer of water-releasing hydroxide and binder during the drying process and in particular during rapid drying, for. B. reduced or prevented under 4 min at 600 ° C.
  • the fleece is integrated into the solidifying mass so that a heterogeneous layer is formed which contains water-releasing hydroxide, e.g. B. aluminum hydroxide, inorganic binder, e.g. B. contains silica sol and the fleece.
  • Another advantage of this measure is that the layer has a reinforcement due to the fleece lying on it, which improves handling during production.
  • rock wool as mineral wool has the advantage that it is very temperature-resistant on the one hand and, on the other hand, inexpensive in the required packaging, e.g. B. is to be produced as a plate.
  • the figure shows a view of the wall element according to the invention.
  • the wall element 1 consists of two insulating layers 2, 2a made of mineral wool, between which a layer 3, made of a mixture of a water-releasing hydroxide and a silica sol, is arranged.
  • Layer 3 serves as a fire protection layer since, in the event of a fire, it converts to aluminum oxide or silicon dioxide when heated and not only releases water vapor during this endothermic conversion, but also a large one Amount of energy consumed. Furthermore, the layer 3 forms a tight protective shield for the insulation layer 2 or 2a, which is turned away from the fire.
  • the layer 3 delays the sintering together of the insulation layer 2a or 2 facing away from the fire, as a result of which a rapid rise in temperature on the cold side can be avoided.
  • the wall element according to the invention serves in particular as an insert for a fire-retardant door.
  • the wall element 1 can be prefabricated on the one hand in the form of a double-layer plate sandwich and inserted between the sheet steel shells of a fire protection door.
  • an insulation layer in a steel sheet shell of the fire protection door it is possible to insert an insulation layer in a steel sheet shell of the fire protection door, to apply the layer of the mixture of a water-releasing hydroxide and a silica sol to the insulation layer and then to fit the second insulation layer on the layer in the steel sheet shell for the fire protection door, after which the two insulation layers be dried and cured.
  • aluminum hydroxide is used as the water-releasing hydroxide in two fractions with different grain size ranges
  • silica sol is used as the inorganic binder.
  • silica sol for example, dissolved water glass can also be used as the inorganic binder.
  • the ingredients are mixed e.g. B. in a screw conveyor and brings the homogeneous mixture obtained onto one of the two insulation layers in a uniform layer. Then layer 3 is dried or, if necessary, the second insulation layer is applied to the still moist layer, pressed on and dried.
  • tylose is used as an organic additive
  • a further advantageous embodiment uses a glass fiber fleece to reinforce layer 3, which for example has a weight of 50 g / m 2.
  • the fleece is on the layer 3 of aluminum hydroxide and binder z. B. applied by rolling, the fleece is connected to the layer 3 after drying and curing.
  • a fleece applied to the hydroxide mixture reduces the formation of cracks, particularly when the layer 3 is subjected to rapid drying, e.g. B. 3 min at 600 O C.
  • the embodiment of the process according to the invention is particularly economical since the process can be carried out continuously or semi-continuously and the mixture can be produced in accordance with its consumption for the production of the layer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Special Wing (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Silicon Compounds (AREA)
EP89113178A 1988-07-19 1989-07-18 Garniture pour portes coupe-feux comportant un sol de silice Expired - Lifetime EP0353540B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3824598A DE3824598A1 (de) 1988-07-19 1988-07-19 Einlage fuer feuerschutztueren mit kieselsol
DE3824598 1988-07-19

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0353540A2 true EP0353540A2 (fr) 1990-02-07
EP0353540A3 EP0353540A3 (fr) 1991-12-11
EP0353540B1 EP0353540B1 (fr) 1994-10-05
EP0353540B2 EP0353540B2 (fr) 1997-12-29

Family

ID=6359119

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89113178A Expired - Lifetime EP0353540B2 (fr) 1988-07-19 1989-07-18 Garniture pour portes coupe-feux comportant un sol de silice

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0353540B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE112601T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3824598A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK354289A (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0741003A1 (fr) * 1995-05-05 1996-11-06 Grünzweig + Hartmann AG Elément stratifié de protection contre le feu, en particulier comme pièce intercalaire pour portes coupe-feu ainsi que le demi-produit utilisé à cet effet
ES2102969A1 (es) * 1995-06-27 1997-08-01 Andreu Barbera Jose Vicente Aislamiento perfeccionado para puertas cortafuegos.
EP1097807A3 (fr) * 1999-11-03 2001-09-12 Saint Gobain Isover G+H Aktiengesellschaft Produit pour la protection contre le feu à base de laine minérale lié et élément pour la protection contre le feu comprenant ledit produit
EP1239093A3 (fr) * 2001-02-21 2003-08-06 Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll GmbH & Co. OHG Elément stratifié de protection contre le feu, en particulier pour portes coupe-feu
EP1900884A1 (fr) * 2006-07-19 2008-03-19 Pavatex SA Panneau de fibres douces en bois pour l'isolation interne
WO2008047185A3 (fr) * 2006-05-25 2008-12-18 Giampaolo Nelzi Porte coupe-feu avec ouverture verticale et/ou horizontale
EP1355015B1 (fr) * 2002-04-15 2009-11-04 Wienerberger Bricks N.V. Méthode de fabrication d'un panneau autoportant
CH706060A1 (de) * 2012-01-16 2013-07-31 Rwd Schlatter Ag Türschichtplatte, Tür, Verwendung der Tür und Türbausatz.
ITMO20120297A1 (it) * 2012-11-28 2014-05-29 Basic & Co Srl Porta antincendio
NL2016698A (nl) * 2016-04-29 2017-11-06 M J Vroegop Holding B V Brandwerend paneel.
US20230282924A1 (en) * 2022-03-01 2023-09-07 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Intumescent inorganic composites for mitigating a thermal runaway event in a battery

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4036088A1 (de) * 1990-11-13 1992-05-14 Gruenzweig & Hartmann Brandschutzmittel aus metallhydroxid und magnesiabinder, sowie dessen verwendung
DE4313820C2 (de) * 1993-04-27 2003-04-10 Woellner Silikat Gmbh Beschichtungsmasse und deren Verwendung
DE4338619C5 (de) * 1993-11-11 2007-12-27 Saint-Gobain Isover G+H Ag Beschichtetes Mineralwolleprodukt und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
NL9400839A (nl) * 1994-05-24 1996-01-02 Isobouw Systems Bv Paneel.
DE19525961A1 (de) * 1995-07-17 1997-01-23 Webu Spezialtueren Gmbh Brandschutztür in Schichtaufbau
DE19546980C2 (de) * 1995-12-15 1999-08-19 Gruenzweig & Hartmann Brandschutzelement
DE29915463U1 (de) * 1999-09-03 2001-01-18 Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll-Gmbh, 45966 Gladbeck Dämmelement zur Wärme- und/oder Schalldämmung von Gebäudewänden
DE20119043U1 (de) 2001-02-21 2002-08-08 Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll GmbH & Co. oHG, 45966 Gladbeck Brandschutzelement, insbesondere für Feuerschutztüren
DE10212331A1 (de) 2002-03-20 2003-10-16 Rockwool Mineralwolle Brandschutzelement, insbesondere für Feuerschutztüren
DE10212332B4 (de) * 2002-03-20 2004-02-12 Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll Gmbh & Co. Ohg Brandschutzelement, insbesondere für Feuerschutztüren

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7321823U (de) * 1973-09-27 Bolliger W Brandschutz-Bauelement
DK364375A (da) * 1975-08-12 1977-02-13 Rockwool As Branddroj plade
DE3220821C2 (de) * 1982-06-03 1985-02-07 Karl 6902 Sandhausen Serwane Brandgeschützte Dichtungsbahn
DE3510935A1 (de) * 1985-03-26 1986-10-09 Grünzweig + Hartmann und Glasfaser AG, 6700 Ludwigshafen Feuerwiderstandsfaehiges, den waermedurchgang reduzierendes wandelement, insbesondere als einlage fuer eine feuerhemmende tuer, sowie verfahren zu seiner herstellung und hiermit ausgestattete feuerhemmende tuer
DE3540524A1 (de) * 1985-11-15 1987-05-27 Bayer Ag Fuellstoffhaltige intumeszenzmassen auf epoxidharzbasis
DE3607839A1 (de) * 1986-03-10 1987-09-17 Paul Couwenbergs Herstellung und verfahren einer doppelseitigen brand-, isolier-, abschottungs-, schallabsorbierungs-platte fuer waende und decken, sowie fuer kabelabschottung - mit einsatz von feuerverzinkten allzweck-halterungen

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0741003A1 (fr) * 1995-05-05 1996-11-06 Grünzweig + Hartmann AG Elément stratifié de protection contre le feu, en particulier comme pièce intercalaire pour portes coupe-feu ainsi que le demi-produit utilisé à cet effet
ES2102969A1 (es) * 1995-06-27 1997-08-01 Andreu Barbera Jose Vicente Aislamiento perfeccionado para puertas cortafuegos.
EP1097807A3 (fr) * 1999-11-03 2001-09-12 Saint Gobain Isover G+H Aktiengesellschaft Produit pour la protection contre le feu à base de laine minérale lié et élément pour la protection contre le feu comprenant ledit produit
CZ302619B6 (cs) * 1999-11-03 2011-08-03 Saint Gobain Isover G + H Ag Protipožární prvek použitelný zejména jako vložka pro protipožární dvere nebo protipožární skríne
EP1239093A3 (fr) * 2001-02-21 2003-08-06 Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll GmbH & Co. OHG Elément stratifié de protection contre le feu, en particulier pour portes coupe-feu
EP1355015B1 (fr) * 2002-04-15 2009-11-04 Wienerberger Bricks N.V. Méthode de fabrication d'un panneau autoportant
WO2008047185A3 (fr) * 2006-05-25 2008-12-18 Giampaolo Nelzi Porte coupe-feu avec ouverture verticale et/ou horizontale
EP1900884A1 (fr) * 2006-07-19 2008-03-19 Pavatex SA Panneau de fibres douces en bois pour l'isolation interne
CH706060A1 (de) * 2012-01-16 2013-07-31 Rwd Schlatter Ag Türschichtplatte, Tür, Verwendung der Tür und Türbausatz.
ITMO20120297A1 (it) * 2012-11-28 2014-05-29 Basic & Co Srl Porta antincendio
NL2016698A (nl) * 2016-04-29 2017-11-06 M J Vroegop Holding B V Brandwerend paneel.
US20230282924A1 (en) * 2022-03-01 2023-09-07 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Intumescent inorganic composites for mitigating a thermal runaway event in a battery

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0353540B2 (fr) 1997-12-29
EP0353540B1 (fr) 1994-10-05
EP0353540A3 (fr) 1991-12-11
DE58908472D1 (de) 1994-11-10
DK354289A (da) 1990-01-20
DE3824598A1 (de) 1990-01-25
ATE112601T1 (de) 1994-10-15
DK354289D0 (da) 1989-07-18

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