EP0355431A2 - Alliage en tant que matériau pour des éléments de régulation ou de chauffage à coefficient de température positif - Google Patents

Alliage en tant que matériau pour des éléments de régulation ou de chauffage à coefficient de température positif Download PDF

Info

Publication number: EP0355431A2
Authority: EP; European Patent Office
Prior art keywords: resistance; weight; nickel; temperature; glow plug
Prior art date: 1988-07-22
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Granted

Application number

EP89113621A

Other languages

German (de)

English (en)

Other versions

EP0355431B1 (fr

EP0355431A3 (fr

Inventor

Gernot Dr. Hausch

Mechthild Schieck

Bertram Dupuis

Max Endler

Paul Bauer

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Beru Ruprecht & Co KG En Vacuumschmelze GmbH GmbH

Original Assignee

BERU Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG

Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG

Beru Werk Albert Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1988-07-22

Filing date

1989-07-24

Publication date

1990-02-28

1989-07-24 Application filed by BERU Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG, Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG, Beru Werk Albert Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG filed Critical BERU Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG

1990-02-28 Publication of EP0355431A2 publication Critical patent/EP0355431A2/fr

1991-11-06 Publication of EP0355431A3 publication Critical patent/EP0355431A3/fr

1997-01-15 Application granted granted Critical

1997-01-15 Publication of EP0355431B1 publication Critical patent/EP0355431B1/fr

2009-07-24 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Status Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 27
239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 88
PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 16
GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 7
239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 5
230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 5
BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
229910020598 Co Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910001313 Cobalt-iron alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
229910001055 inconels 600 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1

Images

Classifications

- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient

Definitions

the invention relates to a material for an electrical resistance element according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
Materials for electrical resistance elements with a positive temperature coefficient of the electrical resistance have an electrical resistance that increases with increasing temperature. After a voltage is applied, a comparatively high current flows, which then decreases with increasing heating of the resistance element. There is therefore a certain self-regulation effect. For this reason, materials for resistance elements with a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance are often used for control or heating elements. Due to their initially low resistance, they allow a high heating rate. By limiting the current as the temperature rises due to the positive temperature coefficient of the resistor, damage to the resistor element or its surroundings can be prevented even at high heating rates.
An electrical resistance heating element made of a material with a high positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance is known for example from DE-OS 25 39 841. Nickel is mentioned as the material there.
the use of the element for thermal switches is disclosed in the same document.
the object of the invention is to provide a material for a resistance element which allows an even higher heating rate with improved control behavior.
temperature factors TF> 12 are achieved with the material according to the invention.
the resistance curve has a profile as a function of the temperature, which promotes short heating-up times.
FIG. 1 An important advantage of the material according to the invention for resistance elements is the special course of the resistance curve as a function of the temperature.
2 shows the corresponding resistance ratio for an alloy with the composition of 71% by weight cobalt and 29% by weight iron (3).
the course of the resistance ratio of the materials according to the invention shows a relatively small increase up to the temperature T1 and then a steep, e.g. T. even abrupt increase. It therefore favors short heating-up times when temperatures of around 1000 ° C are to be reached.
the material according to the invention has a body-centered cubic structure ( ⁇ ), in the range between 750 and 900 ° C. there is a transition to a face-centered cubic structure ( ⁇ ).
the transition temperature T1 depends on the iron content in the respective alloy composition and increases with increasing iron content.
the conversion from the face-centered cubic structure ( ⁇ ) to the body-centered cubic structure ( ⁇ ) takes place at a temperature which is lower than T1, resulting in a hysteresis curve.
the hysteresis decreases with increasing iron content.
the course of the resistance ratio for the material according to the invention initially shows a relatively flat increase, which enables higher heating rates.
the ⁇ / ⁇ conversion occurs in cobalt-iron alloys with an iron content of more than 20% by weight.
the alloys may also contain nickel, but only to such an extent that the body-centered cubic structure is retained at room temperature.
the permissible nickel content increases with increasing iron content.
the maximum nickel content at which the alloy has a body-centered cubic structure at room temperature can be approximated by linear interpolation between the values of approximately 0% by weight with an iron content of 20% by weight and 15% by weight with an iron content of 35 wt .-% are determined. With an iron content of 25% by weight the nickel content can be a maximum of 5% by weight and with an iron content of 30% by weight a maximum of 10% by weight be.
the alloys can contain other elements, e.g. B. as processing additives with a proportion of up to 1% by weight.
alloys according to the invention are readily cold-formable and can be processed well into wires and strips or the like. Alloys with an iron content of more than 35% by weight, on the other hand, are becoming increasingly brittle due to the development of order.
the table lists the ⁇ / ⁇ transformation temperature T1, the specific electrical resistance at room temperature and at 1000 ° C. and the resulting temperature factor TF both for materials according to the invention and for iron and nickel.
An alloy with essentially the same composition as in example c) was produced by the melting process.
0.2% by weight of manganese and 0.1% by weight of silicon were added as processing additives, the iron content was 25% by weight, the rest was cobalt.
a material with a composition of 71% by weight cobalt and 29% by weight iron was produced in the sintering process.
a material produced from the melt with a composition of 25% by weight iron, 5% by weight nickel, 0.2% by weight manganese and 0.1% by weight silicon as processing additives, the rest cobalt had an ⁇ / ⁇ transformation temperature T1 of 810 ° C and a temperature factor TF 17.
the materials according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously for glow plugs for diesel engines. There they can be used directly as a heating element or as a control element in connection with a heating element with a lower positive temperature coefficient.
the invention relates to a glow plug as described in the preamble of the main claim.
the glow plugs mentioned take a certain amount of time to heat up to their working temperature. Only then can the internal combustion engine be started. This period of time, also called the preheating time, is quite short for the candle mentioned. Nevertheless, it is still relatively long compared to the petrol engine, which is immediately ready to start.
the control coil is usually made of pure nickel, with a resistance ratio of about 7, based on a temperature ratio of 20 ° / 1000 ° C. that is, the resistance at 1000 ° C is about 7 times that at 20 ° C.
glow plugs can be produced whose heating-up time is in the range of approximately 5 to 6 seconds;
the temperature at the glow tube tip is then about 850 ° C, while after about 10 seconds a steady-state temperature of about 1140 ° C at nominal voltage is reached.
the object of the invention is to provide glow plugs, the heating-up time of which, while avoiding the disadvantages known from the prior art previously known glow plugs is significantly reduced, while at the same time ensuring a sufficient lifespan for the glow plugs. At the same time, such glow plugs should be easy to manufacture and make the use of control units to solve the task at hand unnecessary.
the invention also relates to a method for producing such glow plugs.
a resistance coil with a higher resistance is used as the control coil, it is not possible to achieve the desired shortening of the heating-up time if one aims at a steady-state temperature of around 1000 ° C.
Suitable materials are not, as is known from the prior art, pure nickel, but, for example, alloys of nickel / iron and cobalt / iron, in particular cobalt / iron, preferably alloys according to claims 7 and 8.
Glow plug plugs designed according to the invention show a behavior according to FIG. 2A with respect to their surface temperature as a function of time. While with this Example shown, the glow plug from the prior art has reached the glow plug tip temperature of 850 ° after about 8 seconds, the glow plug according to the invention reaches this temperature after about 3 to 4 seconds. In addition, it follows from the illustration that the glow plug according to the invention is "braked" very strongly with respect to the surface temperature and adjusts to a steady-state temperature according to FIG. 2A of approximately 1000 °, while the glow plug from the prior art has a steady-state temperature of approximately above 1150 °.
the low steady-state temperature of the glow plug according to the invention not only decisively improves the life of the glow plug; Above all, it also makes it possible to use this candle to afterglow the running engine with a higher generator voltage (up to 13 volts at the candle) without destroying the heating and control coil; This possibility of afterglow is of great importance for reducing the pollutants in the exhaust gas of diesel engines. In this way, the elaborate electrical or electronic controls that are otherwise to be provided are eliminated when afterglow.
FIG. 3A A typical embodiment of the glow plug according to the invention is shown in FIG. 3A.
Glow plug 1 designed as a closed glow tube, usually consists of corrosion-resistant material, preferably Inconel 600 or 601.
a spiral combination 2/3 is embedded in a thermally conductive insulating material 4 (for example magnesium oxide) in this protective tube.
a thermally conductive insulating material 4 for example magnesium oxide
the front section 2 of the coils arranged one behind the other is referred to as the heating coil and consists of a wire material with a low positive or negative temperature coefficient, preferably of a chrome / aluminum / iron wire.
the diameter of the wire is more common as 0.3 to 0.5 mm.
the heating coil 2 is usually connected to the control coil 3 by welding.
the control coil consists of an alloy of cobalt / iron, the cobalt content in the alloy being approximately 75% and the rest being iron;
this control coil 3 initially has a lower increase in resistance, while the resistance rises steeply in the range of the filament wire temperature from approximately 400 to approximately 900 °.
the desired steady-state temperature is also established according to the invention after about 8 seconds.
the annealing temperature of around 850 ° C is already reached after two to five seconds.
the diameter of the control coil in this embodiment is approximately 0.3 to 0.4 mm.

Landscapes

Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
Electromagnetism (AREA)
Resistance Heating (AREA)
Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
Contacts (AREA)

EP89113621A 1988-07-22 1989-07-24 Alliage en tant que matériau pour des éléments de régulation ou de chauffage à coefficient de température positif Expired - Lifetime EP0355431B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
DE3825012A DE3825012A1 (de)	1988-07-22	1988-07-22	Werkstoff fuer ein elektrisches widerstandselement mit positivem temperaturkoeffizienten
DE3825012		1988-07-22

Publications (3)

Publication Number	Publication Date
EP0355431A2 true EP0355431A2 (fr)	1990-02-28
EP0355431A3 EP0355431A3 (fr)	1991-11-06
EP0355431B1 EP0355431B1 (fr)	1997-01-15

Family

ID=6359357

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
EP89113621A Expired - Lifetime EP0355431B1 (fr)	1988-07-22	1989-07-24	Alliage en tant que matériau pour des éléments de régulation ou de chauffage à coefficient de température positif

Country Status (6)

Country	Link
US (1)	US5093555A (fr)
EP (1)	EP0355431B1 (fr)
JP (1)	JP2961124B2 (fr)
AT (1)	ATE147881T1 (fr)
DE (2)	DE3825012A1 (fr)
ES (1)	ES2099694T3 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
EP0785396A1 (fr) *	1995-12-28	1997-07-23	Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd	Elément de chaudière enrobée et bougie de réchauffage avec réglage de la température automatique

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
DE3825013A1 (de) *	1988-07-22	1990-01-25	Beru Werk Ruprecht Gmbh Co A	Gluehkerze
DE4010479A1 (de) *	1990-03-31	1991-10-02	Bosch Gmbh Robert	Gluehstiftkerze fuer brennkraftmaschinen
JP2806195B2 (ja) *	1993-01-14	1998-09-30	株式会社デンソー	グロープラグ
DE4301252A1 (de) *	1993-01-19	1994-07-21	Beru Werk Ruprecht Gmbh Co A	Stabflammglühkerze
DE19621689A1 (de) *	1996-05-30	1997-12-04	Ego Elektro Geraetebau Gmbh	Elektrischer Widerstands-Temperaturfühler
US6064039A (en) *	1998-04-15	2000-05-16	Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd.	Glow plug with small-diameter sheath tube enclosing heating and control coils
HUP0202789A2 (en) *	1999-08-27	2003-01-28	Bosch Gmbh Robert	Ceramic sheathed element glow plug
DE10014526B4 (de) *	2000-03-23	2006-07-27	NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd., Nagoya	Selbstregelnde Schnellheizstabglühkerze
JP2002098333A (ja)	2000-09-26	2002-04-05	Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd	グロープラグ
DE10060273C1 (de) *	2000-12-05	2001-12-13	Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co Kg	Glühstiftkerze für Brennkraftmaschinen
EP2378111A1 (fr) *	2002-05-14	2011-10-19	NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd.	Bougie de préchauffage
DE10248812A1 (de)	2002-10-19	2004-04-29	Robert Bosch Gmbh	Regelwendelmaterial für eine Glühstiftkerze
RU2311742C2 (ru) *	2003-01-02	2007-11-27	Владимир Павлович Лапин	Нагревательный элемент и способ его изготовления
AU2003201228A1 (en) *	2003-01-02	2004-07-29	Genadiy A. Govor	Monolithic self-regulating metal-ceramic heater
DE10314218A1 (de)	2003-03-28	2004-10-14	Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg	Elektrisches Heizelement
DE102004025854B4 (de) *	2004-05-24	2006-09-21	Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg	Glühstiftkerze für Brennkraftmaschinen
JP4854459B2 (ja) *	2006-10-06	2012-01-18	住友電気工業株式会社	グロープラグ
DE102008043228A1 (de) *	2008-10-28	2010-04-29	Hilti Aktiengesellschaft	Brennkraftbetriebenes Setzgerät

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GB254482A (en) *	1925-06-05	1926-07-08	Bernard Hopps	Improvements relating to ignition plugs for internal combustion engines
DE678324C (de) *	1931-10-16	1939-07-15	Kohle Und Eisenforschung G M B	Verwendung einer an sich bekannten Stahllegierung zur Herstellung von elektrischen Heizdraehten
DE739626C (de) *	1940-01-23	1943-09-30	Graetz A G	Heizeinrichtung fuer elektrische Reisegeraete
GB1127454A (en) *	1965-10-11	1968-09-18	Cav Ltd	Starting aids for internal combustion engines
DE1927334C3 (de) *	1969-05-29	1978-04-20	Vacuumschmelze Gmbh, 6450 Hanau	Hitzebeständige Nickel-Eisen-Legierung
DE2115620A1 (de) *	1971-03-31	1972-10-12	Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart	Flammglühstiftkerze zum Anlassen von Dieselmotoren
DE2539841A1 (de) *	1975-09-08	1977-03-17	Krah & Co Elektrotechnische Fa	Heizelement
US4168344A (en) *	1975-11-19	1979-09-18	Trw Inc.	Vitreous enamel material for electrical resistors and method of making such resistors
DE2802625C3 (de) *	1978-01-21	1985-07-18	BERU Ruprecht GmbH & Co KG, 7140 Ludwigsburg	Glühkerze
JPS56119422A (en) *	1980-02-26	1981-09-19	Jidosha Kiki Co Ltd	Fast-heated preheating plug for use in diesel engine
JPS57115623A (en) *	1981-01-07	1982-07-19	Hitachi Ltd	Heat resistant member in preheating plug for diesel engine
JPS57115622A (en) *	1981-01-07	1982-07-19	Hitachi Ltd	Heat resistant member in preheating plug for diesel engine
JPS5883124A (ja) *	1981-11-13	1983-05-18	Hitachi Ltd	予熱栓用加熱抵抗体
US4423309A (en) *	1982-06-28	1983-12-27	General Motors Corporation	Quick heat self regulating electric glow heater
JPS59231321A (ja) *	1983-06-13	1984-12-26	Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd	自己制御型グロ−プラグ
DE3713532C2 (de) *	1987-04-22	1995-09-07	Ngk Spark Plug Co	Glühkerze
GB2216952B (en) *	1988-03-16	1991-10-02	Wellman Automotive Products Li	Glow plugs

1988
- 1988-07-22 DE DE3825012A patent/DE3825012A1/de not_active Withdrawn
1989
- 1989-07-21 US US07/384,632 patent/US5093555A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-21 JP JP1190418A patent/JP2961124B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-07-24 EP EP89113621A patent/EP0355431B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-24 AT AT89113621T patent/ATE147881T1/de active
- 1989-07-24 ES ES89113621T patent/ES2099694T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-24 DE DE58909765T patent/DE58909765D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
EP0785396A1 (fr) *	1995-12-28	1997-07-23	Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd	Elément de chaudière enrobée et bougie de réchauffage avec réglage de la température automatique
US5767485A (en) *	1995-12-28	1998-06-16	Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd.	Sheathed heater with a series-connected current regulating resistor comprised of cobalt-copper alloy
CN1054004C (zh) *	1995-12-28	2000-06-28	日本特殊陶业株式会社	电热式吸热器及温度自控式热线点火塞

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
DE3825012A1 (de)	1990-01-25
US5093555A (en)	1992-03-03
JPH02133901A (ja)	1990-05-23
EP0355431B1 (fr)	1997-01-15
JP2961124B2 (ja)	1999-10-12
ES2099694T3 (es)	1997-06-01
ATE147881T1 (de)	1997-02-15
DE58909765D1 (de)	1997-02-27
EP0355431A3 (fr)	1991-11-06

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